List of countries' copyright length 925425 225565233 2008-07-14T09:52:13Z Hroðulf 1874255 /* Table */ link [[Serbian copyright law]] This is a '''list of different countries and the length of their standard [[copyright]]''' in years. Most countries now have copyright terms that are based on the death dates of the individual authors. Laws regarding anonymous works, corporate-authored works, non-literary works, or unpublished works vary per country. It is not intended to be used as a legal guideline since it cannot reflect the complexity of the copyright laws in effect at any one time and since copyright laws are changing continuously. It is intended only as an overview of the portions of the world which are under any particular style of copyright. See the "[[#See also|see also]]" and "[[#External links|external links]]" at the end of this article for more details. Although they are not countries, the list also includes entries for the [[European Union]] and the [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works|Berne Convention]], which set minimum terms for their member nations or signatories. ==Legend== * '''ibid.''' = ''[[List_of_Latin_phrases_%28F%E2%80%93O%29#I|ibidem]]'', "in the same place" ==Table== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Countries and areas ! Terms of copyright protection ! References |- | Afghanistan | 0, no copyright exists | The first copyright law has yet to be passed.<ref>http://www.goodwinprocter.com/~/media/A5C66A80AB93408C857813C59512C1BA.ashx</ref> |- | Albania | 70 years after death | Art. 17, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/al/al001en.html Law no. 7564 of 19 April 1992, as modified by Law no. 7923 of 19 May 1995] |- | Algeria | 50 years after death;<br/>photographs 50 years after creation | Arts. 54 & 59, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/fr/dz/dz001fr.html Ordonnance n° 03-05 du 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 correspondant au 19 juillet 2003 relative aux droits d’auteur et aux droits voisins] |- | Andorra | 70 years after death | Art. 18, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/ad_copyright_1999_en.pdf?URL_ID=30323&filename=11422451413ad_copyright_1999_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=93023&name=ad_copyright_1999_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999] |- | Angola | 50 years after death | |- | [[Anguilla]] | unknown | |- | Antigua and Barbuda | 50 years after death;<br/>computer 50 years after creation | s. 10, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/ag_copyright_2002_en.pdf?URL_ID=30468&filename=11428561303ag_copyright_2002_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=1272593&name=ag_copyright_2002_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Act, 2002] |- | Argentina | 70 years after death <br>50 years after publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons) | Art. 5, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ar/ar012en.html Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997] <br>Art. 8, ''ibid.'' |- | Armenia | 50 years after death | Art. 26, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/am/am005en.html Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 12 January 2000] |- | [[Aruba]] | unknown | |- | [[Australian copyright law|Australia]] (including external territories) | 70 years after death; for death before 1955, 50 years after death <br>70 years after publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films) <br>50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts) <br>photographs 50 years after publication (no longer applicable since 1 January 2005) | s. 33, [http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca1968133/ Copyright Act 1968] <br>s. 93, 94 <br>s. 95 <br>[http://www.copyright.org.au/publications/infosheets.htm Australian Copyright Council Information Sheets] G023 (Duration) |- | Austria | 70 years after death | § 60, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/at/at091en.html Urheberrechtsgesetz];<br/>§ 1(2), [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/at/at004en.html Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972] (Nr. 492, [[1972-12-16]]) |- | [[Azerbaijan copyright law|Azerbaijan]] | 50 years after death | Art. 25, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/az_copyright_1996_en.pdf?URL_ID=30319&filename=11422428463az_copyright_1996_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=421208&name=az_copyright_1996_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996] |- | Bahamas | Berne | |- | Bahrain | 50 years after death | Art. 31, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/bh/bh001en.html Legislative Decree no. 10 of 1993] |- | Bangladesh | 50 years after death | |- | Barbados | 50 years after death | s. 17, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/bb/bb009en.html, http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/bb/bb009en.html Copyright Act 1998] |- | Belarus | 50 years after death | Art. 22, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/by/by003en.html Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998] |- | Belgium | 70 years after death | [http://www.juridat.be/cgi_loi/loi_N.pl?cn=1994063035 Wet betreffende het auteursrecht en de naburige rechten van 30 juni 1994. (Hoofdstuk 1, afdeling 1, Art. 2)]/Loi relative au droit d’auteur et aux droits voisins du 30 juin 1994. |- | Belize | 50 years after death | s. 10, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/bz/bz019en.html Copyright Act Ch. 252] |- | Benin | 50 years after death | |- | [[Bermuda]] | unknown | |- | [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works|Berne Convention]] signatories | 50 years after death <br>50 years after publication or if not shown 50 years after creation (cinematographic works) <br>25 years after creation (photographic works) <br>Signatories may grant longer terms. | Art. 7(1) <br>Art. 7(2) <br>Art. 7(4) <br>Art. 7(6) |- | Bhutan | 50 years after death | s. 18, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/bh_copyright_2001_en.pdf?URL_ID=30260&filename=11417457243bh_copyright_2001_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=276334&name=bh_copyright_2001_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001] |- | Bolivia | 50 years after death | Art. 18, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/es/bo/bo005es.html Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992] |- | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 70 years after death | Art. 84, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/ba_copyright_2002_en.pdf?URL_ID=30314&filename=11420064663ba_copyright_2002_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=590098&name=ba_copyright_2002_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02)] |- | Botswana | Berne, TRIPS, WCT | Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Act No. 8 of 2000 |- | Brazil | 70 years after death | Art. 41, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/br/br002en.html Law no 9610 of 19 February 1998] |- | [[British Indian Ocean Territory]] | unknown | |- | [[British Virgin Islands]] | unknown | |- | Brunei | 50 years after death | s. 14, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/bn_copyright_1999_en.pdf?URL_ID=30258&filename=11417451633bn_copyright_1999_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=658383&name=bn_copyright_1999_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Emergency (Copyright) Order 1999] |- | Bulgaria | 70 years after death (EU) | Art. 27, [http://lex.bg/laws/ldoc.php?IDNA=2133094401 Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, last changed in 2007] |- | Burkina Faso | 70 years after death | Art. 34, [http://www.culture.gov.bf/Site_Ministere/textes/reglementation/loi_bbda13.htm Loi N°032-99AN portant protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique] |- | Burundi | 50 years after death | |- | Cambodia | 50 years after death | Art. 30, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/kh_copyright_2003_en.pdf?URL_ID=30386&filename=11424219213kh_copyright_2003_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=450733&name=kh_copyright_2003_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2003] |- | Cameroon | 50 years after death | Art. 37, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/cm/cm001en.html Loi no 2000/011 du 19 décembre 2000] |- | [[Canadian copyright law|Canada]] | 50 years after death | s. 6, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ca/ca001en.html Copyright Act, R.S., c. C-30];<br/>s. 7, S.C. 1997, c. 24 |- | Cape Verde | 50 years after death | Art. 19, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/cv_copyright_1990_pt.pdf?URL_ID=30429&filename=11425222003cv_copyright_1990_pt.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=1428893&name=cv_copyright_1990_pt.pdf&location=user-S/ Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990] |- | [[Cayman Islands]] | unknown | |- | Central African Republic | Berne, TRIPS | |- | Chad | Berne, TRIPS | |- | Chile | 50 years after death | Art. 10, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/es/cl/cl004es.html Ley No 17336 de propriedad intelectual] |- | China, People's Republic of (Mainland only) | 50 years after death (citizens' works) <br>50 years after publication or if not published 50 years after creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works) | Art. 21, first paragraph, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/cn/cn001en.html Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China] <br>Art. 21, second and third paragraphs, ''ibid.'' |- | China, Republic of (Taiwan) | 50 years after death (TRIPS) <br>50 years after publication (photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances) | Art. 30, [http://www.tipo.gov.tw/eng/laws/e1-4-1an95.asp Copyright Act] <br>Art. 34, ''ibid.'' |- | Colombia | 80 years after death <br>80 years after publication (cinematographic works) | Art. 21, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/co/co012en.html Ley 23 de 1982] <br>Art. 26, ''ibid.'' |- | Comoros | Berne | |- | Congo (Democratic Republic) | Berne, TRIPS | |- | Congo (Republic) | Berne, TRIPS | |- | Costa Rica | 70 years after death | Art. 58, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/cr/cr001en.html Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos] modified by the Ley 7979 del 6 del enero del 2000 |- | Cote d'Ivoire | 99 years after death <br>99 years after publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art) | Art. 45(1), [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ci/ci001en.html Loi no. 96-564 du 25 juillet 1996] <br>Art. 45(3)(a), ''ibid.'' |- | Croatia | 70 years after death | Art. 99, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/hr_copyright_2003_en.pdf?URL_ID=30311&filename=11420042713hr_copyright_2003_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=1058674&name=hr_copyright_2003_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright and Related Rights Act 197/2003] |- | Cuba | 50 years after death | |- | Cyprus | 50 years after death<br/>(EU, WCT) | s. 4, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/cy/cy001en.html Copyright Law 1976] |- | Czech Republic | 70 years after death (70 years after publication for anonymous works) | Art. 27, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/cz/cz029en.html Law No. 121/2000 Coll.] |- | Denmark | 70 years after death | s. 63, [http://www.kum.dk/graphics/kum/downloads/Lovgivning/Lovgivning_Engelsk_site/Consolidated%20Act%20on%20Copyright%202006.pdf Consolidated Act on Copyright 2006] |- | Djibouti | 25 years after death (Berne, TRIPS) <br>25 years after publication or if not published 25 years after completion (film) <br>25 years after completion (a photographic work or a work of applied art) | Art. 59, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/dj_copyright_1996_fr.pdf?URL_ID=30424&filename=11425179913dj_copyright_1996_fr.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=190307&name=dj_copyright_1996_fr.pdf&location=user-S/ Loi n°114/AN/96/3e L relatif à la protection du droit d'auteur] <br>Art. 62, ''ibid.'' <br>Art. 63, ''ibid.'' |- | Dominica | 70 years after death | s. 11, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/pdf/en/dm/dm008en.pdf Copyright Act 2003] |- | Dominican Republic | 50 years after death | Art. 21, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/dm_copyright_2000_es.pdf?URL_ID=30446&filename=11425917653dm_copyright_2000_es.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=695287&name=dm_copyright_2000_es.pdf&location=user-S/ Ley sobre Derecho de Autor del 24 de julio de 2000] |- | Ecuador | 70 years after death | Art. 80, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ec/ec001en.html Ley No 83 de Propiedad Intelectual (1998)] |- | Egypt | 50 years after death | Art. 160, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/pdf/en/eg/eg001en.pdf Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights] |- | El Salvador | 50 years after death | Art. 86, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/sv/sv001en.html Decreto Legislativo No. 604 del 15 de julio de 1993] |- | Equatorial Guinea | Berne | |- | Eritrea | unknown | |- | Estonia | 50 years after death (EU) | Art. 38, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ee/ee001en.html Copyright Act of 11 November 1992] |- | Ethiopia | life of creator, Title XI of the 1960 Civil Code | |- | [[European Union]] members | 70 years after death | Art. 1 (1), [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&numdoc=32006L0116&model=guichett&lg=en Directive 2006/116/EC] |- | Fiji | 50 years after death | [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/fj_copyright_1999_en.pdf?URL_ID=30383&filename=11424205153fj_copyright_1999_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=572007&name=fj_copyright_1999_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Act 1999] |- | Finland | 70 years after death | Art. 43, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/fi/fi054en.html Law No. 404/1961, as amended by Law No. 1654/1995] |- | [[French copyright law|France]] | 70 years after death + 14 years and 272 days for the two World Wars <small>[+ 30 years if the author died on active service]</small> | Arts. L123-1, L123-8, L123-9, and L123-10, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/fr/fr062en.html Code de la propriété intellectuelle] |- | Gabon | Berne, TRIPS, WCT | |- | Gambia | 50 years after death | Copyright Act 1956 (p) |- | Georgia | 70 years after death | Art. 31, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ge/ge001en.html Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 22 June 1999] |- | [[German copyright law|Germany]]<ref>The Federal Republic of Germany is the successor state to the [[German Democratic Republic]] and to the [[German Empire]]</ref> | 70 years after death | § 64, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/de/de007en.html Urheberrechtsgesetz], as amended by the Law of 23 June 1995 |- | Ghana | 70 years after death | Art. 12, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/gh_copyright_2005_en.pdf?URL_ID=30226&filename=11416586343gh_copyright_2005_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=526153&name=gh_copyright_2005_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Act, 2005] |- | Greece | 70 years after death | Art. 29, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/file_download.php/3368a2bd0fffab9a5310a8e00abfb926Greek_law+.pdf Law 2121/1993] |- | Grenada | Berne, TRIPS | Copyright Act, dated 3 February 1989 |- | Guatemala | 75 years after death | Art. 43, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/es/gt/gt002es.html Decreto No. 33-98], as modified by Art. 13, Decreto No. 56-2000 |- | Guinea | TRIPS, WCT | |- | Guinea-Bissau | Berne, TRIPS | |- | Guyana | 50 years after death | Copyright Act 1956 |- | Haiti | Berne, TRIPS | Decree of January 9, 1968, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works |- | Honduras | 75 years after death <br>70 years after publication or if not published within 50 years 70 years after creation (works of applied art and photographs) | <!--Please add a citation when found.--> <br>[http://www.cerlalc.org/derechoenlinea/dar/leyes_reglamentos/Honduras/Ley_16.htm article 30 of Decreto Ley 16 2006: Implementación del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la República Dominicana, Centroamérica y Estados Unidos] |- | [[Hong Kong copyright law|Hong Kong]]<ref>The [[Special Administrative Region]]s of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law</ref> | 50 years after death <br>50 years after publication or if not published 50 years after creation (sound recordings) <br>50 years after creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service <br>125 years after creation (Governmental work) <br>50 years after publication (Ordinance) <br>50 years after creation (Legislative Council work) | [http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/8c9a7f494889b108482564dc002d834b?OpenDocument s. 17, Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528)] <br>[http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_ind.nsf/e1bf50c09a33d3dc482564840019d2f4/030b254b74b93f07482564dc002e0711?OpenDocument s. 18, ''ibid.''] <br>s. 20, ''ibid.'' <br>s. 182, ''ibid.'' <br>s. 183, ''ibid.'' <br>s. 184, ''ibid.'' |- | Hungary | 70 years after death | Art. 31, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/hu/hu035en.html Act No. LXXVI of 1999] |- | Iceland | 70 years after death | Art. 43, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/is/is047en.html Act No. 73/1972, as amended by Art. 4, Act No. 145/1996] |- | India | 60 years after death (literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works) <br>60 years after publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, [[official text|Government works]], works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations) | s. 22, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/in/in007en.html Copyright Act, 1957] <br>s. 24, s. 25, s. 26, s. 27, s. 28, s. 28A, s. 29, ''ibid.'' <!--[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/in/in001en.html Copyright Act, 1957]--><ref>See also [http://copyright.gov.in/handbook.htm Copyright in India].</ref> |- | Indonesia | 50 years after death | Art. 29, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/id_copyright_2002_en.pdf?URL_ID=30382&filename=11424187703id_copyright_2002_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=162571&name=id_copyright_2002_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law No. 19 of 2002] |- | Iran | 30 years after death <br>30 years after publication (photographic or cinematographic works) | Art. 12, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/ir_copyright_1970_en.pdf?URL_ID=30380&filename=11424169773ir_copyright_1970_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=21603&name=ir_copyright_1970_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Law of 12 January 1970] <br>Art. 16, ''ibid.'' |- | Iraq | 50 years after death | s. 2(11), [http://www.cpa-iraq.org/regulations/20040501_CPAORD_83_Amendment_to_the_Copyright_Law.pdf Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 2004/83] |- | [[Irish copyright law|Ireland]] | 70 years after death | s. 24, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ie/ie098en.html Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000] |- | Israel | 70 years after death | Art. 5(4), [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/il/il014en.html Copyright Ordinance 1924] |- | Italy | 70 years after death<br/>[50 years after death] | Art. 25, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/it/it112en.html Law No. 633 of 22 April 1941], as amended by Art. 17, Law No. 52 of 6 February 1996 |- | Jamaica | 50 years after death | s. 10, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/jm/jm001en.html Copyright Act 1993] |- | [[Japan copyright law|Japan]] | 50 years after death <br>50 years after publication or if not published 50 years after creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body) <br>70 years after publication or if not published 70 years after creation (cinematographic works) | Art. 51(2), [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/jp/jp001en.html Law No. 48 of 6 May 1970], as amended in 2006 <br>Art. 53(1), ''ibid.'' <br>Art. 54(1), ''ibid.'' |- | [[Jordanian copyright law|Jordan]] | 50 years after death | Art. 30, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/jo/jo001en.html Law No. 22 of 1992], as amended |- | Kazakhstan | 50 years after death | Art. 28, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/kz_copyright_1996_en.pdf?URL_ID=30379&filename=11424145143kz_copyright_1996_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=336085&name=kz_copyright_1996_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 1996] |- | Kenya | 50 years after death;<br/>photographs 50 years after publication | s. 23(2), [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/ke_copyright_2001_en.pdf?URL_ID=30229&filename=11416612103ke_copyright_2001_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=428054&name=ke_copyright_2001_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Act, 2001] |- | Kiribati | 50 years after death | Copyright Act 1956 (p) |- | Korea, Democratic People's Republic of | Berne | |- | Korea, Republic of | 50 years after death <br>50 years after publication or if not published 50 years after creation (organizational works) | Art. 36, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/kr/kr001en.html Copyright Act of 30 December 1989] <br>Art. 38, ''ibid.'' |- | Kuwait | TRIPS | Decree Law No. 64 of 1999 concerning Intellectual Property Rights |- | Kyrgyzstan | 50 years after death | Art. 27, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/kg/kg001en.html Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 16 December 1997] |- | Laos | unknown | |- | Latvia | 70 years after death<br/>[50 years after death] | Art. 36, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/lv/lv017en.html Copyright Law of 6 April 2000]<br/>Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 11 May 1993 |- | Lebanon | 50 years after death | Art. 49, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/lb/lb001en.html Loi sur la protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique (no. 75 du 3 avril 1999)] |- | Lesotho | 50 years after death | Copyright Act 1956 (p) |- | Libya | 25 years after death with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since) | |- | Liechtenstein | 70 years after death<br/>[50 years after death] | Art. 32, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/li/li037en.html Law of 19 May 1999]<br/>[Art. 36, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/fr/li/li001fr.html Law of 26 October 1928]] |- | Lithuania | 70 years after death<br/>[50 years after death] | Art. 34, [http://www.cipr.org/legal_reference/countries/litva/Lithuania_Copyright_ENG_2003.pdf Law No. IX-1355 (2003)]<br/>[Art. 536, Civil Code as modified by [http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=24740 Law No. I-459 (1994)]] |- | Luxembourg | 70 years after death<br/>[50 years after death] | Art. 9, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/fr/lu/lu042fr.html Law of 18 April 2001] <br/>[Art. 2, Law of 29 March 1972] |- | Macau<sup>(b)</sup> | 50 years after death <br>50 years after publication (audiovisual works) <br>25 after completion (works of applied art and photographic works) | Art. 21, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/mo/mo001en.html Decree-Law 43/99/M of August 16, 1999] <br>Art. 106, ''ibid.'' <br>Arts. 148 & 155, ''ibid.'' |- | Macedonia | 70 years after death | Art. 44, [http://www.mlrc.org.mk/law/l023.htm Law on Copyright and Related Rights No. 47/96] as amended |- | Madagascar | 70 years after death | Art. 52, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/mg_copyright_1995_fr.pdf?URL_ID=30419&filename=11425161843mg_copyright_1995_fr.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=403839&name=mg_copyright_1995_fr.pdf&location=user-S/ Loi no. 94-036 portant sur la propriété littéraire et artistique] |- | Malawi | 50 years after death | s. 13, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/mw_copyright_2001_en.htm?URL_ID=30230&filename=11416632193mw_copyright_2001_en.htm&filetype=text%2Fhtml&filesize=109150&name=mw_copyright_2001_en.htm&location=user-S/ Copyright Act, 1989] |- | Malaysia | 50 years after death | s. 17, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/pdf/en/my/my010en.pdf Copyright Act 1987] |- | Maldives | TRIPS | |- | Mali | 50 years after death | Art. 90, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/ml_copyright_1984_fr.pdf?URL_ID=30418&filename=11425158083ml_copyright_1984_fr.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=418083&name=ml_copyright_1984_fr.pdf&location=user-S/ Loi No. 8426/AN-RM] |- | Malta | 70 years after death | s. 4(2), [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/mt/mt001en.html Copyright Act, 2000] |- | [[Marshal Islands]] | none | |- | Mauritania | Berne, TRIPS | |- | Mauritius | 50 years after death | s. 12, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/pdf/en/mu/mu005en.pdf Copyright Act 1997] |- | Mexico | 100 years after death (effective [[23 July]] [[2003]] non-retroactively) <br>75 years after death (before the law change on [[23 July]] [[2003]], applicable for deaths before [[23 July]] [[1928]]) | Art. 29, [http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/122.pdf Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (2003)] <br>Art. 29, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/mx/mx003en.html Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (1996)] |- | Micronesia | 50 years after death | § 113, [http://www.fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/title35/T35_Ch01.htm Federated States of Micronesia Code, Title 35] |- | Moldova | 50 years after death | Art. 17, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/md_copyright_2004_en.pdf?URL_ID=30270&filename=11418326533md_copyright_2004_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=477609&name=md_copyright_2004_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law No. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994] |- | Monaco | WCT | |- | Mongolia | 50 years after death | Art. 17, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/mn/mn003en.html Law on Copyright of 1993] |- | Montenegro<ref>Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of [[Serbia and Montenegro]]. See Serbia also.</ref> | 70 years after death | Art. 100, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/cs_copyright_2005_en.pdf?URL_ID=30269&filename=11418322263cs_copyright_2005_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=212474&name=cs_copyright_2005_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law on Copyright and Related Rights] |- | Morocco | 50 years after death | Art. 25, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ma/ma003en.html Loi no. 2-00 relative aux droits d’auteur et droits voisins] |- | Mozambique | 70 years after death | Art. 22, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/mz/mz002en.html Law No. 4/2001] |- | Myanmar | TRIPS | |- | Namibia | 50 years after death;<br/>photographs 50 years after publication | s. 3, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/na_copyright_1997_en.pdf?URL_ID=30232&filename=11417290793na_copyright_1997_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=166426&name=na_copyright_1997_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Act 98 of 1978, as amended by s. 3, Act 52 of 1984, s. 3, Act 125 of 1992 and by s. 52, Act 38 of 1997] |- | Nauru | unknown | |- | Nepal | 50 years after death | Pustun Pradhan (2004). "[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/file_download.php/abd0fa942db399485dd51fb00ece59c7pradhan_e.pdf Nepal's New Law on Copyright: Some Reflections]", ''[[UNESCO]] e-Copyright Bulletin'', January&ndash;March&nbsp;2004. |- | [[Dutch copyright law|Netherlands]]<ref>Including the [[Netherlands Antilles]] and [[Aruba]]: although Dutch adhesion to the Berne convention only applies to the Kingdom in Europe, membership of the WTO includes the overseas territories</ref> | 70 years after death | Art. 37, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/nl/nl001en.html Copyright Act, 1912], as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995 |- | New Zealand | 50 years after death;<br/>computer 50 years after creation | s. 22, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/nz/nz015en.html Copyright Act 1994] |- | Nicaragua | 70 years after death | Art. 27, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/es/ni/ni001es.html Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312)] |- | Niger | 50 years after death | Art. 22, [[s:Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore|Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore]] |- | Nigeria | 70 years after death (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs) <br>70 years after publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of [[official text|government]] or a body corporate) <br>50 years after publication (cinematograph films and photographs) <br>50 years after creation (sound recordings) <br>50 years after publication (broadcasts) | Schedule I, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ng/ng001en.html Copyright Act (Cap. 68) 1990] |- | Norway | 70 years after death | s. 40, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/no/no005en.html Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961] |- | Oman | 50 years after death | Art. 7, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/om/om001en.html Royal Decree 37-2000] |- | [[Pakistan]] | 50 years after death | s. 18, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/pk/pk005en.html Copyright Ordinance, 1962] |- | Palau | 50 years after death | s. 16, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/pw_copyright_2003_en.pdf?URL_ID=30344&filename=11422608793pw_copyright_2003_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=231005&name=pw_copyright_2003_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003] |- | Panama | 50 years after death | Art. 42, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/pa/pa001en.html Ley No. 15 de 8 de agosto de 1994] |- | Papua New Guinea | 50 years after death | s. 17, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/pg_copyright_2002_en.pdf?URL_ID=30337&filename=11422589723pg_copyright_2002_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=391605&name=pg_copyright_2002_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000] |- | Paraguay | 70 years after death | Art. 47, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/py/py001en.html Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos] |- | Peru | 70 years after death | Art. 52, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/pe/pe003en.html Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996] |- | [[Philippine copyright law|Philippines]] | 50 years after death;<br/>photographs 50 years after publication | s. 213, [http://www.congress.gov.ph/download/ra_10/RA08293.pdf Intellectual Property Code] |- | Poland | 50 years after death (EU) | Art. 36, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/pl/pl010en.html Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights] |- | Portugal | 70 years after death<br/>[50 years after death] | Art. 31, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/pt/pt001en.html Code of Copyright and Related Rights], as amended by Decree Law No. 334/97 of 27 November 1997 |- | Qatar | 50 years after death | s. 15, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/qa/qa001en.html Law No. 7 of 2002] |- | Romania | 70 years after death | Art. 27, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ro/ro007en.html Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996] |- | Russia | 70 years after death starting July 28, 2004 ([http://www.copyright.ru/details-1449.html Source]); 50 years after death (death before 1953) | Art. 2, [http://www.copyrighter.ru/full/index.html?apispnew.htm Law 72-FZ, 2004] |- | Rwanda | Berne, TRIPS | |- | St. Kitts and Nevis | 50 years after death | Copyright Act 1956 (p) |- | St. Lucia | 50 years after death | s. 10, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/pdf/en/lc/lc002en.pdf Copyright Act, 1995] |- | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 75 years after death (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work) <br>50 years after creation (computer-generated work) <br>75 years after publication or if not published 50 years after creation (sound recording or film) <br>50 years after creation (broadcast); 50 after programme included in a cable programme service | s. 8(1), [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/vc_copyright_2003_en.PDF?URL_ID=30444&filename=11425886943vc_copyright_2003_en.PDF&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=333544&name=vc_copyright_2003_en.PDF&location=user-S/ Copyright Act, 2003] <br>s. 8(3), ''ibid.'' <br>s. 9(1), ''ibid.'' <br>s. 10(1), ''ibid.'' |- | Samoa | Berne | |- | San Marino | unknown | |- | São Tomé and Príncipe | unknown | |- | Saudi Arabia | 50 years after death | [http://www.sagia.gov.sa/Downloads/Copyright%20Law.pdf Royal Decree No: M/41 2nd Rajab 1424 H August 30, 2003] |- | Senegal | Berne, TRIPS | |- | Serbia<ref>Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of [[Serbia and Montenegro]], which itself was a successor state to [[Yugoslavia]] for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective [[17 June]] [[1930]]</ref> | 70 years after death<br />''See [[Serbian copyright law]] | Art. 100, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/cs_copyright_2005_en.pdf?URL_ID=30269&filename=11418322263cs_copyright_2005_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=212474&name=cs_copyright_2005_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law on Copyright and Related Rights] |- | Seychelles | 25 years after death <br/>25 years after publication (photograph, film, or broadcast) <br/>25 years after creation (sound recording) | s. 9(1)(i), [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/sc_copyright_1991_en.pdf?URL_ID=30416&filename=11425090543sc_copyright_1991_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=466060&name=sc_copyright_1991_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Act, revised edition 1991] <br/>s. 9(1)(ii), (v), ''ibid.'' <br/>s. 9(1)(iv), ''ibid.'' |- | Singapore | 70 years after death or if published after death 70 years after publication (literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph) <br>70 years after publication (photograph) <br>70 years after publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films) <br>50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes) <br>70 years after publication (literary, dramatic or musical work, or engraving or a photograph made by or under the direction or control of the Government) <br>70 years after making (artistic work, other than engraving or a photograph, made by or under the direction or control of the Government) | s. 28(2), (3), [http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/ Copyright Act]<ref>See also the [http://www.ipos.gov.sg/leftNav/cop/Ownership+and+Rights.htm Intellectual Property Office of Singapore].</ref> <br/>s. 28(6), ''ibid.'' <br/>s. 92, 93, ''ibid.'' <br/>s. 94, 95, ''ibid.'' <br/>s. 197(3), (4A), ''ibid.'' <br/>s. 197(4), ''ibid.'' |- | Slovakia | 70 years after death | § 18, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/sk/sk021en.html Act No. 383/1997] |- | Slovenia | 70 years after death | Art. 59, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/si/si001en.html Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995] |- | Solomon Islands | 50 years after death | s. 3, [http://www.paclii.org/sb/legis/consol_act/ca133/ Copyright Act (Ch. 138)] |- | Somalia | unknown | |- | South Africa | 50 years after death <br>50 years after publication (cinematograph films, photographs, computer programs, sound recordings, broadcasts, programme-carrying signals, published editions, and some government works) | s. 3(2)(a), [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/za/za002en.html Copyright Act, 1978] <br>s. 12(8)(a) ''ibid.'' <br>s. 3(2)(b), (c), (d), (e), (f), s. 5 ''ibid.'' |- | [[Spanish copyright law|Spain]] | 70 years after death<br>[80 years after death(1879 - 1987), 60 years after death(1987 - 1994)] | Art. 23, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/es/es070en.html Real Decreto 1/1996] |- | Sri Lanka | 50 years after death | s. 19, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/lk/lk001en.html Code of Intellectual Property Act No. 52 of 1979] |- | Sudan | 50 years after death<br/>photographs and works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously 25 years after publication | s. 13, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/sd/sd001en.html Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996] |- | Suriname | Berne, TRIPS | |- | Swaziland | 50 years after death | Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912 |- | Sweden | 70 years after death | Art. 43, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/se/se052en.html Act 1960:729], as modified by Act 1995:1273 |- | [[Copyright law of Switzerland|Switzerland]] | 70 years after death effective [[1 July]] [[1993]] non-retroactively, but 50 years after death for computer programs <br>50 years after performance (performers' rights) <br>50 years after death (before the law change on [[1 July]] [[1993]], applicable for deaths through 1942) | Art. 29 [http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/c231_1.html Urheberrechtgesetz]/ [http://www.admin.ch/ch/f/rs/c231_1.html Loi sur le droit d’auteur] par. 2 <br>Art. 39, ''ibid.'' <br>[http://relevancy.bger.ch/php/clir/http/index.php?lang=de&type=highlight_simple_query&highlight_docid=atf%3A%2F%2F124-III-266%3Ade BGE 124 III 266] |- | Syria | 50 years after death; Photographs 10 years after publication; | Arts. 22 & 23, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/sy_copyright_2001_en.pdf?URL_ID=30397&filename=11424371293sy_copyright_2001_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=68822&name=sy_copyright_2001_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law No. 12/2001] |- | Tajikistan | Berne | |- | Tanzania | 50 years after death | s. 14, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/tz_copyright_1999_en.pdf?URL_ID=30235&filename=11417323283tz_copyright_1999_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=590164&name=tz_copyright_1999_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999] |- | Thailand | 50 years after death | s. 19, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/th/th001en.html Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)] |- | Timor Leste | 50 years after death | Art. 29, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/id_copyright_2002_en.pdf?URL_ID=30382&filename=11424187703id_copyright_2002_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=162571&name=id_copyright_2002_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Law No. 19 of 2002] |- | Togo | 50 years after death | Art. 36, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/tg_copyright_1991_fr.pdf?URL_ID=30414&filename=11425072893tg_copyright_1991_fr.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=406706&name=tg_copyright_1991_fr.pdf&location=user-S/ Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins] |- | Tonga | 50 years after death | s. 13, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/to_copyright_1988_en.pdf?URL_ID=30403&filename=11424990073to_copyright_1988_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=464691&name=to_copyright_1988_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright Act (Cap. 121)] |- | Trinidad and Tobago | 50 years after death | s. 19, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/tt/tt0032en.html Copyright Act, 1997] |- | Tunisia | 50 years after death | Art. 18, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/fr/tn/tn022fr.html Loi no. 94-36] |- | Turkey | 70 years after death | Art. 27, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/tr/tr001en.html Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951] |- | Turkmenistan | unknown | |- | Tuvalu | 50 years after death | Copyright Act 1956 (p) |- | Uganda | TRIPS | |- | Ukraine | 70 years after death<br/>[50 years after death] | Art. 28, [http://www.cipr.org/legal_reference/countries/ukraine/Ukraine_Copyright_ENG.pdf Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2001]<br/>&nbsp; |- | United Arab Emirates | 50 years after death | s. 20, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ae/ae001en.html Federal Law No. 7 of 2002] |- | [[Copyright law of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] | 70 years after death, 50 years after release for sound recordings[http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/index.cfm?RSS&newsID=16577] | s. 12, [http://www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts1988/Ukpga_19880048_en_1.htm Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988], as amended by the [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1995/Uksi_19953297_en_1.htm Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995] |- | [[Copyright law of the United States|United States of America]] | 70 years after death (works published since 1978) <br>95 years after publication or 120 years after creation whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978) <br>95 years after publication for works published 1964-1977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years after publication for works published 1923-1963 (Copyrights prior to 1923 have expired.) | 17 [[USC]] 302(a) <br>17 USC 302(c) <br>17 USC 304 |- | Uruguay | 50 years after death | Art. 14, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/uy_copyright_2003_es.pdf?URL_ID=30443&filename=11425879563uy_copyright_2003_es.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=323157&name=uy_copyright_2003_es.pdf&location=user-S/ Law on Copyright No. 9.739 of 17 December 1937] |- | Uzbekistan | 50 years after death | Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996 |- | Vanuatu | unknown | |- | Vatican City | 70 years after death | [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/va_copyright_1960_it.pdf?URL_ID=30483&filename=11430217273va_copyright_1960_it.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=85982&name=va_copyright_1960_it.pdf&location=user-S/ N. XII. Legge sil diritto di autore] |- | Venezuela | 60 years after death (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program) <br>60 years after publication or if not published 60 years after creation | Art. 25, [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/ve/ve010en.html Ley sobre el Dercho de Autor as modified by the Decreto del 14 de agosto de 1993] <br>Art. 26, ''ibid.'' |- | Vietnam | Berne | |- | Yemen | 30 years after death | |- | Zambia | 50 years after death | s. 12, [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/admin/file_download.php/zm_copyright_1994_en.pdf?URL_ID=30413&filename=11425068613zm_copyright_1994_en.pdf&filetype=application%2Fpdf&filesize=339255&name=zm_copyright_1994_en.pdf&location=user-S/ Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994] |- | Zimbabwe | 50 years after death (literary, dramatic, and musical works) <br>50 years after death (non-photograph artistic works) <br>50 years after publication (photographs) <br>50 years after creation (Sound recordings) <br>50 years after publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts) | s. 5(3), [http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/zw/zw001en.html Copyright Act (Chapter 26:1)] <br>s. 6(3)(a), ''ibid.'' <br>s. 6(3)(b), ''ibid.'' <br>s. 16(2), ''ibid.'' <br>s. 17(2), s. 18(2), ''ibid.'' |- |} == Table notes == '''Terms of protection''' were taken from a variety of sources, including [[WIPO]], [[UNESCO]] and the [[University of Pennsylvania]] (see [[#External links|External links]]). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as: * a signatory of the [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works|Berne Convention]] ("'''Berne'''"); minimum term of 50 years after death, except for photographs. * a member of the WTO ("'''TRIPS'''"); minimum term of 50 years after death. * a candidate for membership of the [[European Union]] ("'''EU'''"); term must be 70 years after death before accession. ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==See also== *[[Official text copyright]]: information on which countries and areas do or do not copyright official texts *[[Rule of the shorter term]]: information on different positions of countries and areas toward foreign works ==External links== * [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/okbooks.html#whatpd Summary of copyright terms] in various countries, with links to summaries or copies of national laws * [http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=14076&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html UNESCO Collection of National Copyright Laws] with links to the official documentation for most listed countries * [http://www.caslon.com.au/durationprofile.htm The duration of copyright in various countries] [[Category:Copyright length]] [[Category:Copyright law by country| ]] [[Category:Copyright law lists]] [[ja:世界各国の著作権保護期間の一覧]]