List of edible seeds 1654614 221706528 2008-06-25T18:45:22Z 76.120.222.125 Butternuts are actually in the walnut family. A '''list of edible seeds''' here includes seeds that are directly foodstuffs, rather than yielding derived products. A variety of species can provide '''edible seeds'''. Of the six major plant parts, seeds are the most important source of human food. The other five major plant parts are [[root]]s, [[Plant stem|stem]]s, [[leaf|leaves]], [[flower]]s, and [[fruit]]s. Most edible seeds are [[angiosperm]]s, but a few are [[gymnosperm]]s. The most important seed food source is cereals, followed by legumes, and nuts. The list is divided into the following categories: <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> * '''[[Bean]]s''' (or '''[[Legume]]s''') are protein-rich soft seeds. * '''[[Cereals]]''' (or '''grains''') are grass-like crops that are harvested for their dry seeds. These seeds are often ground to make [[flour]]. Cereals provide almost half of all calories consumed in the world.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web | url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx | title=ProdSTAT | author=FAO | work=FAOSTAT | accessdate=2006-12-26 }}</ref> Botanically, true cereals are members of the [[Poaceae]] or Grass family. ** '''[[Pseudocereal]]s''' are cereal crops that are not members of the Poaceae or Grass Family. * '''[[Nut (fruit)|Nuts]]''' are botanically a specific type of fruit but the term is also applied to many edible seeds that are not botanically nuts. ** '''[[Gymnosperm]]s''' produce nut-like seeds but not flowers or fruits. </div> == Beans == See also: [[:Category:Edible legumes]] Beans, also known as [[legume]]s or [[pulse (legume)|pulses]] include:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm |title=Definition and Classification of Commodities|work=Definition and Classification of Commodities|title=Pulses and derived products|date=1994|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=2006-12-26}}</ref> [[Image:3 types of lentil.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Lentils have been part of the human diet since the Neolithic]] <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Bambara groundnut]] * [[Chickpea]]s * [[Cowpea]]s * [[Pulse (legume)#Classification of pulses|Dry beans]], including ** [[Common bean]] ** several species of [[Vigna]] * [[Vicia faba|Fava or broad bean]]s * [[Hyacinth bean]] * [[Lablab]] * [[Lentil]]s * [[Lupin]]s * [[Pea]]s * [[Peanut]]s * [[Pigeon pea]]s * [[Velvet bean]]s * [[Vetch]] * [[Winged bean]]s * [[Yam bean]]s * [[Tonka bean]]s * [[Soybean |Soybean]]s </div> == Cereals == {{See also|Category:Cereals}} [[Image:GEM corn.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Corn is the single largest source of food calories in the world.]] True [[cereal]]s are the seeds of certain species of [[grass]]. Three — maize, wheat and rice — account for about half of the calories consumed by people every year.<ref name="prodstat">{{cite web | url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx | title=ProdSTAT | author=FAO | work=FAOSTAT | accessdate=2006-12-26 }}</ref> Grains can be ground to make [[flour]], used as the basis of [[bread]], [[cake]], [[noodles]] or other food products. They can also be boiled or steamed, either whole or ground, and eaten as is. Many cereals are present or past [[staple food]]s, provided a large fraction of the calories in the places that they are eaten. [[Cereal]]s include: <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Barley]] * [[Fonio]] * [[Kamut]] * [[Maize]] (corn) * [[Pearl Millet]] * [[Oat]]s * [[Distichlis palmeri|Palmer's grass]] * [[Rice]] * [[Rye]] * [[Sorghum]] * [[Spelt]] * [[Teff]] * [[Triticale]] * [[Wheat]] * [[Wild rice]] </div> === Pseudocereals === [[Image:Quinoa.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Quinoa is not a grass, but its seeds have been eaten for 6000 years.]] <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Breadnut]] * [[Buckwheat]] * [[Cattail]] * [[Salvia hispanica|Chia]] * [[Celosia|Cockscomb]] * [[Grain amaranth]] * [[Kañiwa]] * [[Chenopodium berlandieri|Pitseed Goosefoot]] * [[Quinoa]] * [[Wattleseed]] (also called ''acacia seed'') </div> == Nuts == ''See also'': [[List of edible nuts]] [[Image:Brazil nuts.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Brazil nuts come from a South American tree]] According to the botanical definition, [[nut (fruit)|nuts]] are a particular kind of seed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nut | title=Nut | work=Biology Online Dictionary | date=[[October 3]] [[2005]] | accessdate=2006-12-26 }}</ref> [[Walnut]]s and [[acorn]]s are example of nuts, under this definition. In [[nut (fruit)|culinary terms]], however, the term is used more broadly to include fruits that are not botanically qualified as nuts, but that have a similar appearance and culinary role. Examples of culinary nuts include [[almond]]s, [[peanut]]s and [[cashew]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.answers.com/topic/nut | title=Nut | work=The Columbia Online Encyclopedia | date=2003 | accessdate=2006-12-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef05e.htm|title=Nuts and derived products|work=Definition and Classification of Commodities|date=1996|accessdate=2006-12-26|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations}}</ref> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Almond#Culinary uses|Almond]] * [[Beech]] * [[Brazil nut]] * [[Candlenut]] * [[Cashew#Uses|Cashew]] * [[Chestnut#Nuts|Chestnuts]], including: ** [[Chinese Chestnut]] ** [[Pachira aquatica|Malabar chestnut]] ** [[Sweet Chestnut]] * [[Colocynth]] * ''[[Cucurbita ficifolia]]'' * [[Corylus maxima|Filbert]] * ''[[Gevuina avellana]]'' * [[Hickory#Uses|Hickory]], including ** [[Pecan]] ** [[Shagbark Hickory]] * [[Indian Beech or Pongam Tree]] * [[Kola nut]] * [[Macadamia]] * [[Mamoncillo]] * [[Brosimum alicastrum|Maya nut]] * [[Mongongo]] * [[acorn|Oak acorns]] * [[Irvingia|Ogbono nut]] * [[Lecythidaceae|Paradise nut]] * [[Pili nut]] * [[Walnut#Nuts|Walnut]] * [[Water_caltrop|Water Caltrop]] </div> === Nut-like gymnosperm seeds === [[Image:KoreanPineSeeds.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pine nuts are Gymnosperm seeds that are edible]] <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Cycad]]s * [[Ginkgo]] * ''[[Gnetum gnemon]]'' * [[Juniper]] * [[Araucaria araucana|Monkey-puzzle]] * [[Pine nut]]s, including ** [[Chilgoza Pine]] ** [[Korean Pine]] ** [[Stone Pine]] ** [[Colorado Pinyon]] ** [[Mexican Pinyon]] ** [[Single-leaf Pinyon]] * [[Podocarps]] </div> == Miscellaneous == {{expert-subject|Plants}} {{expert-subject|Biology}} <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Cempedak]] * [[Durian]] - seeds are ''not'' edible * [[Egusi]] <!-- seeds of some cucurbit: cucumber- or gourd-like? --> * [[Euryale ferox]] (Fox nut) * [[Fluted pumpkin]] * [[Hemp]] seed * [[Jackfruit]] * [[Lotus seed]] * [[Malabar gourd]] * [[Pistachio#Cultivation and uses|Pistachio]] * [[Pumpkin seed]] * [[Sunflower seed]] </div> == References == <references /> * {{cite book | author=Bailey, L.H., Bailey, E.Z. and Bailey Hortorium Staff | date=1976 | title=Hortus Third | publisher=New York: Macmillan }} * {{cite book | author=Lewington, A. | date=1990 | title=Plants for People | publisher=Cambridge, MA: Oxford University Press }} == See also == <div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:3;"> * [[Eastern Agricultural Complex]] * [[List of vegetable oils]] * [[List of snack foods#seeds or nuts|List of seed-based snacks]] * [[Nut (fruit)]] * [[Pulse (legume)|Pulse]] * [[Seed]] </div> [[Category:Lists of foods|Seeds, list of edible]] [[Category:Lists of plants]] [[Category:Edible nuts and seeds| ]] [[Category:Vegan cuisine]] [[Category:Vegetarian cuisine]] <!-- interwiki --> [[hr:Popis žitarica]] [[lt:Valgomų sėklų sąrašas]] [[fr:Catalogue officiel des espèces et variétés]]