List of elements by symbol
63243
222459926
2008-06-29T13:15:48Z
Tropylium
400620
/* Other symbols that look like element symbols */ sort by type, add some more organics
{{Mergetomultiple-with|List of elements by name|List of elements by symbol|List of elements by atomic number|List of elements by atomic mass|List of elements by melting point|List of elements by density|List of elements by melting point|List of elements by boiling point|with=List of elements|discuss=Template talk:PeriodicTablesFooter#Merge lists proposal|date=February 2008}}
{{TOCright}}<onlyinclude> <!-- See [[Wikipedia talk:Featured lists]] for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->
This is a '''list of chemical elements by symbol''', including the current [[signification]] used to identify the [[chemical element]]s as recognized by the [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry]], as well as proposed and historical signs. Also given is each element's [[atomic number]], [[atomic mass]] or most stable [[isotope]], group and period numbers on the [[periodic table]], and [[etymology]] of the symbol.
NOTE: placing one's cursor over the entry in the etymology column will display a modern English translation for words of Greek, Latin, or other origin.
{{element color legend}}
==Current symbols==
[[Image:Periodic table.svg|right|250px|thumb|[[Periodic Table]] of elements]]
{|class= "wikitable sortable" border="2" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
!width="75"|Symbol
!width="150"|[[List of elements by name|Name]]
!width="150" class="unsortable"|Etymology of Symbol
!width="75"|[[List of elements by atomic number|Atomic Number]]
!width="110"|[[List of elements by atomic mass|Relative Atomic Mass]]
!width="50"|Group
!width="50"|Period
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Ac||[[Actinium]]||from Greek [[ray (optics)|'''''ak'''tinos'']]||89||[227]<ref name="fn_1">The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, three elements, Thorium, Protactinium, and Uranium, have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and thus their atomic mass given.</ref>|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ag||[[Silver]]||Latin [[silver|'''''a'''r'''g'''entum'']]||47||107.8682(2)<ref name="fn_2">The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.</ref>||11||5
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Al||[[Aluminium]] (Aluminum)||Latin [[alum|'''''al'''umen'']]||13||26.9815386(8)||13||3
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Am||[[Americium]]||the [[Americas|'''Am'''ericas]]||95||[243]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Ar||[[Argon]]||Greek [[inert|'''''ar'''gon'']]||18||39.948(1)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_4">The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.</ref>||18||3<includeonly>
|}</includeonly></onlyinclude>
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|As||[[Arsenic]]||Greek [[male|'''''a'''r'''s'''enikos'']]||33||74.92160(2)||15||4
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|At||[[Astatine]]||Greek [[unstable|'''''a'''s'''t'''atos'']]||85||[210]<ref name="fn_1" />||17||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Au||[[Gold]]||Latin [[gold|'''''au'''rum'']]||79||196.966569(4)||11||6
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|B||[[Boron]]||[[borax|'''b'''orax]]||5||10.811(7)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_3">The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.</ref> <ref name="fn_4" />||13||2
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Ba||[[Barium]]||Greek [[density|'''''ba'''rys'']]||56||137.327(7)||2||6
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Be||[[Beryllium]]||[[beryl|'''be'''ryl]]||4||9.012182(3)||2||2
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Bh||[[Bohrium]]||[[Niels Bohr|Neils '''B'''o'''h'''r]]||107||[264]<ref name="fn_1" />||7||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Bi||[[Bismuth]]|| from German [[white|'''''wi'''ss'']][[mass|''muth'']]||83||208.98040(1)||15||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Bk||[[Berkelium]]||[[Berkeley, California|'''B'''er'''k'''eley, California]]||97||[247]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|Br||[[Bromine]]||Greek [[stench|'''''br'''omos'']]||35||79.904(1)||17||4
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|C||[[Carbon]]||Latin [[charcoal|'''''c'''arbo'']]||6||12.0107(8)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||14||2
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Ca||[[Calcium]]||Latin [[lime (mineral)|'''''ca'''lx'']]||20||40.078(4)<ref name="fn_2" />||2||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Cd||[[Cadmium]]||from Greek [[earth (classical element)|'''''k'''a'''d'''mia'']]||48||112.411(8)<ref name="fn_2" />||12||5
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Ce||[[Cerium]]||[[Ceres (dwarf planet)|'''Ce'''res]]||58||140.116(1)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Cf||[[Californium]]||[[California#Education|State and University of '''C'''ali'''f'''ornia]]||98||[251]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|Cl||[[Chlorine]]||Greek [[green-yellow|'''''c'''h'''l'''oros'']]||17||35.453(2)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_3" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||17||3
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Cm||[[Curium]]||[[Pierre Curie|Pierre]] and [[Marie Curie|Marie '''C'''urie]] and the traditional -u'''m''' ending||96||[247]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Co||[[Cobalt]]||from German ''[[kobold|'''ko'''bold]]''||27||58.933195(5)||9||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Cr||[[Chromium]]||Greek [[color|'''''c'''h'''r'''oma'']]||24||51.9961(6)||6||4
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Cs||[[Caesium]] (Cesium)||Latin [[sky blue|'''''c'''ae'''s'''ius'']]||55||132.9054519(2)||1||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Cu||[[Copper]]||Latin [[Cyprus|'''''Cu'''prum'']]||29||63.546(3)<ref name="fn_4" />||11||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Db||[[Dubnium]]||[[Dubna|'''D'''u'''b'''na, Russia]]||105||[262]<ref name="fn_1" />||5||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ds||[[Darmstadtium]]||[[Darmstadt|'''D'''arm'''s'''tadt, Germany]]||110||[271]<ref name="fn_1" />||10||7
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Dy||[[Dysprosium]]||Greek [[Hard to Get|'''''dy'''sprositos'']]||66||162.500(1)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Er||[[Erbium]]||[[Ytterby|Ytt'''er'''by, Sweden]]||68||167.259(3)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Es||[[Einsteinium]]||[[Albert Einstein|Albert '''E'''in'''s'''tein]]||99||[252]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Eu||[[Europium]]||[[Europe|'''Eu'''rope]]||63||151.964(1)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|F||[[Fluorine]]||Latin [[flow|'''''f'''luo'']]||9||18.9984032(5)||17||2
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Fe||[[Iron]]||Latin [[iron|'''''fe'''rrum'']]||26||55.845(2)||8||4
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Fm||[[Fermium]]||[[Enrico Fermi|Enrico '''F'''er'''m'''i]]||100||[257]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Fr||[[Francium]]||[[France|'''Fr'''ance]]||87||[223]<ref name="fn_1" />||1||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Ga||[[Gallium]]||Latin [[Gaul|'''''Ga'''llia'']]||31||69.723(1)||13||4
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Gd||[[Gadolinium]]||[[gadolinite|'''g'''a'''d'''olinite]]||64||157.25(3)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Ge||[[Germanium]]||[[Germany|'''Ge'''rmany]]||32||72.64(1)||14||4
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|H||[[Hydrogen]]||Greek [[water|'''''h'''ydror'']]||1||1.00794(7)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_3" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||1||1
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|He||[[Helium]]||Greek [[Sun|'''''he'''lios'']]||2||4.002602(2)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||18||1
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Hf||[[Hafnium]]||Latin [[Copenhagen|'''''H'''a'''f'''nia'']]||72||178.49(2)||4||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Hg||[[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]||Latin [[liquid|'''''h'''ydr'']][[silver|''ar'''g'''yrum'']]||80||200.59(2)||12||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Ho||[[Holmium]]||Latin [[Stockholm|'''''Ho'''lmia'']]||67||164.930 32(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Hs||[[Hassium]]||[[Hesse|'''H'''e'''s'''se, Germany]]||108||[277]<ref name="fn_1" />||8||7
|-style="background-color:#ffff99"
|I||[[Iodine]]||Greek [[violet (color)|'''''i'''oeides'']]||53||126.904 47(3)||17||5
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|In||[[Indium]]||[[indigo|'''in'''digo blue]]||49||114.818(3)||13||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ir||[[Iridium]]||Greek [[rainbow|'''''ir'''is'']]||77||192.217(3)||9||6
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|K||[[Potassium]] (Kalium)||Latin [[potassium|'''''k'''alium'']]||19||39.0983(1)||1||4
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Kr||[[Krypton]]||Greek [[concealment|'''''kr'''yptos'']]||36||83.798(2)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_3" />||18||4
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|La||[[Lanthanum]]||Greek [[concealment|'''''la'''nthanien'']]||57||138.90547(7)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Li||[[Lithium]]||Greek [[rock (geology)|'''''li'''thos'']]||3||6.941(2)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_3" /> <ref name="fn_4" /> <ref>The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.</ref>||1||2
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Lr||[[Lawrencium]]||[[Ernest Lawrence|Ernest O. '''L'''aw'''r'''ence]]||103||[262]<ref name="fn_1" />||3||7
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Lu||[[Lutetium]]||Latin [[Paris|'''''Lu'''tetia'']]||71||174.967(1)<ref name="fn_2" />||3||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Md||[[Mendelevium]]||[[Dmitri Mendeleyev|Dmitri '''M'''en'''d'''eleyev]]||101||[258]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Mg||[[Magnesium]]||[[Magnesia|'''M'''a'''g'''nesia, Greece]]||12||24.3050(6)||2||3
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Mn||[[Manganese]]||Latin [[magnet|'''''m'''ag'''n'''es'']]||25||54.938045(5)||7||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Mo||[[Molybdenum]]||Greek [[lead|'''''mo'''lybdos'']]||42||95.94(2)<ref name="fn_2" />||6||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Mt||[[Meitnerium]]||[[Lise Meitner|Lise '''M'''ei'''t'''ner]]||109||[268]<ref name="fn_1" />||9||7
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|N||[[Nitrogen]]||Greek [[niter|'''''n'''itron'']]||7||14.0067(2)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||15||2
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Na||[[Sodium]]||Latin [[sodium|'''''na'''trium'']]||11||22.98976928(2)||1||3
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Nb||[[Niobium]]||[[Niobe|'''N'''io'''b'''e]]||41||92.906 38(2)||5||5
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Nd||[[Neodymium]]||Greek [[wikt:novelty|'''''n'''eos'']] [[twin|'''''d'''idymos'']]||60||144.242(3)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Ne||[[Neon]]||Greek [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/novelty '''''ne'''os'']||10||20.1797(6)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_3" />||18||2
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ni||[[Nickel]]||German [[nickeline|''kupfer'''ni'''ckel'']]||28||58.6934(2)||10||4
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|No||[[Nobelium]]||[[Alfred Nobel|Alfred '''No'''bel]]||102||[259]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Np||[[Neptunium]]||[[Neptune|'''N'''e'''p'''tune]]||93||[237]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|O||[[Oxygen]]||Greek [[acid|'''''o'''xys'']]||8||15.9994(3)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||16||2
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Os||[[Osmium]]||Greek [[odor|'''''os'''me'']]||76||190.23(3)<ref name="fn_2" />||8||6
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|P||[[Phosphorus]]||Greek [[light|'''''p'''hos'']][[bearer|''phoros'']]||15||30.973762(2)||15||3
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Pa||[[Protactinium]]||Greek [[first|'''''p'''rotos'']] and [[actinium|'''a'''ctinium]]||91||231.03588(2)<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Pb||[[Lead]]||Latin [[lead|'''''p'''lum'''b'''um'']]||82||207.2(1)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||14||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Pd||[[Palladium]]||[[2 Pallas|'''P'''allas]] and the traditional -'''d'''ium ending||46||106.42(1)<ref name="fn_2" />||10||5
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Pm||[[Promethium]]||[[Prometheus|'''P'''ro'''m'''etheus]]||61||[145]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Po||[[Polonium]]||[[Poland|'''Po'''land]]||84||[210]<ref name="fn_1" />||16||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Pr||[[Praseodymium]]||Greek [[green|'''''pr'''asios'']]||59||140.90765(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Pt||[[Platinum]]||Greek [[silver|'''''p'''la'''t''''']][[Diminutive#Italian|''ina'']]||78||195.084(9)||10||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Pu||[[Plutonium]]||[[Pluto|'''P'''l'''u'''to]]||94||[244]<ref name="fn_1" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Ra||[[Radium]]||Latin [[ray (optics)|'''''ra'''dius'']]||88||[226]<ref name="fn_1" />||2||7
|-style="background-color:#ff6666"
|Rb||[[Rubidium]]||Latin [[red|'''''r'''u'''b'''idus'']]||37||85.4678(3)<ref name="fn_2" />||1||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Re||[[Rhenium]]||German [[Rhine Province|'''''R'''h'''e'''inprovinz'']]||75||186.207(1)||7||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Rf||[[Rutherfordium]]||[[Ernest Rutherford|Ernest '''R'''uther'''f'''ord]]||104||261<ref name="fn_1" />||4||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Rg||[[Roentgenium]]||[[Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen|Wilhelm Conrad '''R'''önt'''g'''en]]||111||[272]<ref name="fn_1" />||11||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Rh||[[Rhodium]]||Greek [[rose (color)|'''''rh'''odon'']]||45||102.905 50(2)||9||5
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Rn||[[Radon]]||[[radium|'''r'''adium]] and [[emanation (chemistry)|emanatio'''n''']]||86||[220]<ref name="fn_1" />||18||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ru||[[Ruthenium]]||Latin [[Russia|'''''Ru'''thenia'']]||44||101.07(2)<ref name="fn_2" />||8||5
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|S||[[Sulfur]] (Sulphur)||Latin [[sulfur|'''''s'''ulfur'']]||16||32.065(5)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||16||3
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Sb||[[Antimony]]||Latin [[eye liner|'''''s'''ti'''b'''ium'']]||51||121.760(1)<ref name="fn_2" />||15||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Sc||[[Scandium]]||[[Scandinavia|'''Sc'''andinavia]]||21||44.955912(6)||3||4
|-style="background-color:#a0ffa0"
|Se||[[Selenium]]||Greek [[Moon|'''''se'''lene'']]||34||78.96(3)<ref name="fn_4" />||16||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Sg||[[Seaborgium]]||[[Glenn T. Seaborg|Glenn T. '''S'''eabor'''g''']]||106||[266]<ref name="fn_1" />||6||7
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Si||[[Silicon]]||Latin [[flint|'''''si'''lex'']]||14||28.0855(3)<ref name="fn_4" />||14||3
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Sm||[[Samarium]]||[[samarskite|'''s'''a'''m'''arskite]]||62||150.36(2)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Sn||[[Tin]]||Latin [[tin|'''''s'''ta'''n'''num'']]||50||118.710(7)<ref name="fn_2" />||14||5
|-style="background-color:#ffdead"
|Sr||[[Strontium]]||Latin [[Scotland|'''''S'''t'''r'''ontian'']]||38||87.62(1)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_4" />||2||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ta||[[Tantalum]]||King [[Tantalus|'''Ta'''ntalus]]||73||180.94788(2)||5||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Tb||[[Terbium]]||[[Ytterby|Yt'''t'''er'''b'''y, Sweden]]||65||158.92535(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Tc||[[Technetium]]||Greek [[artificial|'''''t'''e'''c'''hnetos'']]||43||[98]<ref name="fn_1" />||7||5
|-style="background-color:#cccc99"
|Te||[[Tellurium]]||Greek [[Earth|'''''te'''llus'']]||52||127.60(3)<ref name="fn_2" />||16||5
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|Th||[[Thorium]]||[[Thor|'''Th'''or]]||90||232.03806(2)<ref name="fn_1" /> <ref name="fn_2" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Ti||[[Titanium]]||the [[Titan (mythology)|'''Ti'''tans]]||22||47.867(1)||4||4
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Tl||[[Thallium]]||Greek [[shoot|'''''t'''ha'''l'''los'']]||81||204.3833(2)||13||6
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Tm||[[Thulium]]||[[Thule|'''T'''hule]] and the traditional -iu'''m''' ending||69||168.93421(2)|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ff99cc"
|U||[[Uranium]]||[[Uranus|'''U'''ranus]]||92||238.02891(3)<ref name="fn_1" /> <ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_3" />|| ||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Uub||[[Ununbium]]||Latin [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], and [[2 (number)|'''''b'''i'']]||112||[285]<ref name="fn_1" />||12||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Uuh||[[Ununhexium]]||Latin [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], and Greek [[6 (number)|'''''h'''ex'']]||116||[292]<ref name="fn_1" />||16||7
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Uuo||[[Ununoctium]]||Latin [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], and [[8 (number)|'''''o'''ct'']]||118||[294]<ref name="fn_1" />||18||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Uup||[[Ununpentium]]||Latin [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], and Greek [[5 (number)|'''''p'''ent'']]||115||[288]<ref name="fn_1" />||15||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Uuq||[[Ununquadium]]||Latin [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], and [[4 (number)|'''''q'''uadr'']]||114||[289]<ref name="fn_1" />||14||7
|-style="background-color:#cccccc"
|Uut||[[Ununtrium]]||Latin [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], [[1 (number)|'''''u'''ni'']], and Greek [[3 (number)|'''''t'''ri'']]||113||[284]<ref name="fn_1" />||13||7
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|V||[[Vanadium]]||[[Vanadis|'''V'''anadis]]||23||50.9415(1)||5||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|W||[[Tungsten]]||German [[wolf|'''''w'''ol'']][[froth|''fram'']]||74||183.84(1)||6||6
|-style="background-color:#c0ffff"
|Xe||[[Xenon]]||Greek [[alien (signifier)|'''''xe'''nos'']]||54||131.293(6)<ref name="fn_2" /> <ref name="fn_3" />||18||5
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Y||[[Yttrium]]||[[Ytterby|'''Y'''tterby, Sweden]]||39||88.90585(2)||3||5
|-style="background-color:#ffbfff"
|Yb||[[Ytterbium]]||[[Ytterby|'''Y'''tter'''b'''y, Sweden]]||70||173.04(3)<ref name="fn_2" />|| ||6
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Zn||[[Zinc]]||German [[tin|'''''z'''i'''n''''']]||30||65.409(4)||12||4
|-style="background-color:#ffc0c0"
|Zr||[[Zirconium]]||[[zircon|'''z'''i'''r'''con]]||40||91.224(2)<ref name="fn_2" />||4||5
|}
{{element color legend}}
==Symbols not currently used==
The following is a list of names formerly used or suggested for use in naming the elements listed above. Also included in this list are placeholder names and names given by discredited claimants for discovery. Names which retain local use (as with [[aluminium|aluminum]] and [[iodine|jod]]) are not included in this table.
{| class="wikitable"
!Chemical Symbol!!Name!!Atomic Number!!Origin of Symbol!!Why Not Used
|-
|A||[[Argon]]||18||Current symbol is '''Ar'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6">Name changed due to a standardization of, modernization of, or update to older formerly-used symbol. <br></ref>
|-
|Ab||[[Alabamine]]||85||Discredited claim to discovery of [[astatine]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7">Name designated by discredited/disputed claimant. <br></ref>
|-
|Am||[[Alabamium]]||85||Discredited claim to discovery of [[astatine]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|An||[[Athenium]]||99||Proposed name for [[einsteinium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8">Name proposed prior to discovery/creation of element or prior to official re-naming of a placeholder name. <br></ref>
|-
|Ao||[[Ausonium]]||93||Discredited claim to discovery of [[neptunium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Az||[[Azote]]||7||Former name for [[nitrogen]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Bv||[[Brevium]]||91||Former name for [[protactinium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Bz||[[Berzelium]]||59||Suggested name for [[praseodymium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Cb||[[Columbium]]||41||Former name of [[niobium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Cb||[[Columbium]]||95||Suggested name for [[americium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Cp||[[Cassiopeium]]||71||Former name for [[lutetium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Ct||[[Centurium]]||100||Proposed name for [[fermium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Ct||[[Celtium]]||72||Former name of [[hafnium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Da||[[Danubium]]||43||Suggested name for [[technetium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Db||[[Dubnium]]||104||Proposed name for [[rutherfordium]]. The symbol and name were used for element 105. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" /> <ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Eb||[[Ekaboron]]||21||Name given by [[Mendeleev]] to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, [[scandium]] closely matched the prediction. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" /> <ref name="why_not_used9">Temporary placeholder name. <br></ref>
|-
|El||[[Ekaaluminium]]||31||Name given by [[Mendeleev]] to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, [[gallium]] closely matched the prediction. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" /> <ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Em||[[Emanation (chemistry)|Emanation]]||86||Also called radium emanation, the name was originally given by [[Friedrich Ernst Dorn]] in 1900. In 1923, this element officially became [[radon]] (the name given at one time to <sup>222</sup>Rn, an isotope identified in the decay chain of [[radium]]). ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Em||[[Ekamangan]]||43||Name given by [[Mendeleev]] to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, [[technetium]] closely matched the prediction. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" /> <ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Es||[[Ekasilicon]]||32||Name given by [[Mendeleev]] to an as of then undiscovered element. When discovered, [[germanium]] closely matched the prediction. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" /> <ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Es||[[Esperium]]||94||Discredited claim to discovery of [[plutonium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Fa||[[Francium]]||87||Current symbol is '''Fr'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Fr||[[Florentium]]||61||Discredited claim to discovery of [[promethium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Gl||[[Glucinium]]||4||Former name of [[beryllium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Ha||[[Hahnium]]||105||Proposed name for [[dubnium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Ha||[[Hahnium]]||108||Proposed name for [[hassium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Il||[[Illinium]]||61||Discredited claim to discovery of [[promethium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Jg||[[Jargonium]]||72||Discredited claim to discovery of [[hafnium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Jo||[[Joliotium]]||105||Proposed name for [[dubnium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Ku||[[Kurchatovium]]||104||Proposed name for [[rutherfordium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Lw||[[Lawrencium]]||103||Current symbol is '''Lr'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|M||[[Muriaticum]]||17||Former name of [[chlorine]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Ma||[[Masurium]]||43||Disputed claim to discovery of [[technetium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Md||[[Mendelevium]]||97||Proposed name for [[berkelium]]. The symbol and name were later used for element 101. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" /> <ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Me||[[Mendelevium]]||68||Suggested name for [[erbium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Ms||[[Masrium]]||49||Discredited claim of discovery of [[indium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Mt||[[Meitnium]]||91||Suggested name for [[protactinium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Mv||[[Mendelevium]]||101||Current symbol is '''Md'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Ng||[[Norwegium]]||72||Discredited claim to discovery of [[hafnium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Ni||[[Niton (element)|Niton]]||86||Former name for [[radon]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|No||[[Norium]]||72||Discredited claim to discovery of [[hafnium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Ns||[[Nielsbohrium]]||105||Proposed name for [[dubnium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Ns||[[Nielsbohrium]]||107||Proposed name for [[bohrium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Nt||[[Niton (element)|Niton]]||86||Suggested name for [[radon]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Ny||[[Neoytterbium]]||70||Former name of [[ytterbium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Od||[[Odinium]]||62||Suggested name for [[samarium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Pc||[[Policium]]||110||Proposed name for [[darmstadtium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Pe||[[Pelopium]]||41||Former name for [[niobium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Po||[[Potassium]]||19||Current symbol is '''K'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Rf||[[Rutherfordium]]||106||Proposed name for [[seaborgium]]. The symbol and name were instead used for element 104. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" /> <ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Sa||[[Samarium]]||62||Current symbol is '''Sm'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|So||[[Sodium]]||11||Current symbol is '''Na'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Sp||[[Spectrium]]||70||Suggested name for [[ytterbium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|St||[[Antimony]]||51||Current symbol is '''Sb'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Tn||[[Tungsten]]||74||Current symbol is '''W'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Tu||[[Thulium]]||69||Current symbol is '''Tm'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Tu||[[Tungsten]]||74||Current symbol is '''W'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|Ty||[[Tyrium]]||60||Suggested name for [[neodymium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used8" />
|-
|Unb||[[Unnilbium]]||102||Temporary name given to [[nobelium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Une||[[Unnilennium]]||109||Temporary name given to [[meitnerium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Unh||[[Unnilhexium]]||106||Temporary name given to [[seaborgium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Uno||[[Unniloctium]]||108||Temporary name given to [[hassium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Unp||[[Unnilpentium]]||105||Temporary name given to [[dubnium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Unq||[[Unnilquadium]]||104||Temporary name given to [[rutherfordium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Uns||[[Unnilseptium]]||107||Temporary name given to [[bohrium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Unt||[[Unniltrium]]||103||Temporary name given to [[lawrencium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Unu||[[Unnilunium]]||101||Temporary name given to [[mendelevium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Uun||[[Ununnilium]]||110||Temporary name given to [[darmstadtium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Uuu||[[Unununium]]||111||Temporary name given to [[roentgenium]] until it was permanently named by IUPAC. ||<ref name="why_not_used9" />
|-
|Vi||[[Virginium]]||87||Discredited claim to discovery of [[francium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Vm||[[Virginium]]||87||Discredited claim to discovery of [[francium]]. ||<ref name="why_not_used7" />
|-
|Yt||[[Yttrium]]||39||Current symbol is '''Y'''. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|}
===Pictographic symbols===
The following is a list of pictographic symbols employed to symbolize elements known since ancient times (for example to the [[alchemy|alchemists]]). Not included in this list are symbolic representations of substances previously called elements (such as certain [[Rare earth element|rare earth]] mineral blends and the [[classical element]]s [[fire (classical element)|fire]] and [[water (classical element)|water]] of ancient philosophy) which are known today to be multi-atomic. Also not included are symbolic representations currently used for elements in other languages such as the [[Traditional Chinese]] [[Chinese characters for chemical elements|elements]]. Modern alphabetic notation was introduced in 1814 by [[Jöns Jakob Berzelius]].
{| class="wikitable"
!Chemical Symbol!!Original Name!!Modern Name!!Atomic Number!!Origin of Symbol!!Why Not Used
|-
|[[Image:Sun symbol.svg|20px]]||[[John Dalton#Later years|Hydrogen]]||[[Hydrogen]]||1||[[John Dalton|Daltonian]] symbol circa 1808. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Sulfur symbol 1.png|20px]]||[[Alchemical symbol#Mundane Elements|Sulfur]]||[[Sulfur]]||16||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Sulfur symbol 2.png|20px]]||[[2 Pallas|Pallas]]||[[Sulfur]]||16||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Earth symbol.svg|20px]]||[[John Dalton#Later years|Sulfur]]||[[Sulfur]]||16||[[John Dalton|Daltonian]] symbol circa 1808. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|<big>⊛</big>||[[Alchemical symbol#Mundane Elements|Magnesium]]||[[Magnesium]]||21||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|♂||[[Mars (astrology)|Mars]]||[[Iron]]||26||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Marian star four-tenths.svg|20px]]||[[Fixed star|''Stellae Fixae'']]||[[Copper]]||29||Pre-1500s [[alchemy|alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|♀||[[Venus (astrology)|Venus]]||[[Copper]]||29||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Copper symbol.svg|20px]]||[[Alchemical symbol#Seven Planetary Metals|Copper]]||[[Copper]]||29||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|©||[[John Dalton#Later years|Copper]]||[[Copper]]||29||[[John Dalton|Daltonian]] symbol circa 1808. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Arsenic alchemical symbol.svg|20px]]||[[Alchemical symbol#Mundane Elements|Arsenic]]||[[Arsenic]]||33||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Crescent.svg|20px]]||[[Moon (astrology)|Luna]]||[[Silver]]||47||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Jupiter symbol.svg|20px]]||[[Jupiter (astrology)|Iupiter]]||[[Tin]]||50||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|<big>♁</big>||[[Alchemical symbol#Mundane Elements|Antimony]]||[[Antimony]]||51||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Antimony-symbol.png|15px]]||[[Alchemical symbol#Mundane Elements|Antimony]]||[[Antimony]]||51||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|<big>☾</big>||[[Alchemical symbol#Mundane Elements|Platinum]]||[[Platinum]]||78||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|<big>☉</big>||[[Alchemical symbol#Mundane Elements|Platinum]]||[[Platinum]]||78||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Uranus symbol.svg|20px]]||[[Uranus (astrology)|Uranus]]||[[Platinum]]||78||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|☼||[[Sun (astrology)|Sol]]||[[Gold]]||79||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol from the 1500s||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Sun symbol.svg|20px]]||[[Sun (astrology)|Sol]]||[[Gold]]||79||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol from 1700 through 1783. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Zodiac_woodcut.png]||[[Pisces (astrology)|Pisces]]||[[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]||80||Pre-1500s [[alchemy|alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Neptune symbol.svg|20px]]||[[Mercury (astrology)|Neptunus]]||[[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]||80||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol from the 1600s. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Mercury symbol.svg|20px]]||[[Mercury (astrology)|Mercurius]]||[[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]||80||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol from 1700 through 1783. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Saturn symbol.svg|20px]]||[[Saturn (astrology)|Saturnus]]||[[Lead]]||82||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol circa 1783. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|-
|[[Image:Bismuth symbol.png|20px]]||[[taurus (astrology)|Taurus]]||[[Bismuth]]||83||[[alchemy|Alchemical]] symbol. ||<ref name="why_not_used6" />
|}
<references />
==Symbols for named isotopes==
The following is a [[table of nuclides (complete)|list of isotopes]] of elements given in the previous tables which have been designated unique symbols. By this it is meant that a comprehensive list of current systematic symbols (in the <sup>u</sup>Atom form) are not included in the list and can instead be found in the [[Index to isotope pages]] chart. Some of the following symbols are no longer in use within the scientific community, however others (most notably some of the named [[isotopes of hydrogen]]) continue to be used today. Many of these symbols were designated during the early years of [[radiochemistry]], and several isotopes (namely those in the [[actinium]] decay family, the [[radium]] decay family, and the [[thorium]] decay family) bear placeholder names using the early naming system devised by [[Ernest Rutherford]]. Although it is not an isotope, this is perhaps the most useful place to mention that <font style="text-decoration: overline">H</font> is the proposed symbol for the only created anti-element, [[antihydrogen]].
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Chemical Symbol!!Name!!Atomic Number!!class="unsortable"|Origin of Symbol
|-
|Ac||[[Actinium]]||89||From the Greek [[ray (optics)|''aktinos'']]. Name restricted at one time to <sup>227</sup>Ac, an isotope of [[actinium]]. This named isotope later became the official name for [[actinium|element 89]].
|-
|AcA||Actinium A||84||From [[actinium]] and [[A]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>215</sup>Po, an isotope of [[polonium]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].
|-
|AcB||Actinium B||82||From [[actinium]] and [[B]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>211</sup>Pb, an isotope of [[lead]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].
|-
|AcC||Actinium C||83||From [[actinium]] and [[C]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>211</sup>Bi, an isotope of [[bismuth]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].
|-
|AcC'||Actinium C'||84||From [[actinium]] and [[C]][[prime (symbol)|']]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>211</sup>Po, an isotope of [[polonium]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].
|-
|AcC"||Actinium C"||81||From [[actinium]] and [[C]][[double prime|"]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>207</sup>Tl, an isotope of [[thallium]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].
|-
|AcK||Actinium K||87||Name given at one time to <sup>223</sup>Fr, an isotope of [[francium]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].
|-
|AcU||Actino-Uranium||92||Name given at one time to <sup>235</sup>U, an isotope of [[uranium]].
|-
|AcX||Actinium X||88||Name given at one time to <sup>223</sup>Ra, an isotope of [[radium]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].
|-
|An||[[Actinon]]||86||From [[actinium|''actin''ium]] and [[emanation (chemistry)|emanati''on'']]. Name given at one time to <sup>219</sup>Rn, an isotope of [[radon]] identified in the decay chain of [[actinium]].
|-
|D||[[Deuterium]]||1||From the Greek [[2 (number)|''deuteros'']]. Name given to <sup>2</sup>H.
|-
|Io||[[Ionium]]||90||Name given at one time to <sup>230</sup>Th, an isotope of [[thorium]] identified in the decay chain of [[uranium]].
|-
|MsTh<sub>1</sub>||Mesothorium 1||88||Name given at one time to <sup>228</sup>Ra, an isotope of [[radium]].
|-
|MsTh<sub>2</sub>||Mesothorium 2||89||Name given at one time to <sup>228</sup>Ac, an isotope of [[actinium]].
|-
|Pa||[[Protactinium]]||91||From the Greek [[first|''protos'']] and [[actinium]]. Name restricted at one time to <sup>231</sup>Pa, an isotope of [[protactinium]]. This named isotope later became the official name for [[protactinium|element 91]].
|-
|Ra||[[Radium]]||88||From the Latin [[ray (optics)|''radius'']]. Name restricted at one time to <sup>226</sup>Ra, an isotope of [[radium]]. This named isotope later became the official name for [[radium|element 88]].
|-
|RaA||[[polonium 218|Radium A]]||84||From [[radium]] and [[A]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>218</sup>Po, an isotope of [[polonium]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RaB||Radium B||82||From [[radium]] and [[B]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>214</sup>Pb, an isotope of [[lead]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RaC||Radium C||83||From [[radium]] and [[C]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>214</sup>Bi, an isotope of [[bismuth]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RaC'||Radium C'||84||From [[radium]] and [[C]][[prime (symbol)|']]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>214</sup>Po, an isotope of [[polonium]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RaC"||Radium C"||81||From [[radium]] and [[C]][[double prime|"]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>210</sup>Tl, an isotope of [[thallium]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RaD||Radium D||82||From [[radium]] and [[D]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>210</sup>Pb, an isotope of [[lead]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RaE||Radium E||83||From [[radium]] and [[E]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>210</sup>Bi, an isotope of [[bismuth]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RaE"||Radium E"||81||From [[radium]] and [[E]][[double prime|"]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>206</sup>Tl, an isotope of [[thallium]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RaF||[[Polonium#210Po|Radium F]]||84||From [[radium]] and [[F]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>210</sup>Po, an isotope of [[polonium]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]].
|-
|RdAc||Radioactinium||90||Name given at one time to <sup>227</sup>Th, an isotope of [[thorium]].
|-
|RdTh||Radiothorium||90||Name given at one time to <sup>228</sup>Th, an isotope of [[thorium]].
|-
|Rn||[[Radon]]||86||From [[radium|''rad''ium]] and [[emanation (chemistry)|emanati''on'']]. Name restricted at one time to <sup>222</sup>Rn, an isotope of [[radon]] identified in the decay chain of [[radium]]. This named isotope later became the official name for [[radon|element 86]] in 1923.
|-
|T||[[Tritium]]||1||From the Greek [[3 (number)|''tritos'']]. Name given to <sup>3</sup>H.
|-
|Th||[[Thorium]]||90||After [[Thor]]. Name restricted at one time to <sup>232</sup>Th, an isotope of [[thorium]]. This named isotope later became the official name for [[thorium|element 90]].
|-
|ThA||Thorium A||84||From [[thorium]] and [[A]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>216</sup>Po, an isotope of [[polonium]] identified in the decay chain of [[thorium]].
|-
|ThB||Thorium B||82||From [[thorium]] and [[B]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>212</sup>Pb, an isotope of [[lead]] identified in the decay chain of [[thorium]].
|-
|ThC||Thorium C||83||From [[thorium]] and [[C]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>212</sup>Bi, an isotope of [[bismuth]] identified in the decay chain of [[thorium]].
|-
|ThC'||Thorium C'||84||From [[thorium]] and [[C]][[prime (symbol)|']]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>212</sup>Po, an isotope of [[polonium]] identified in the decay chain of [[thorium]].
|-
|ThC"||Thorium C"||81||From [[thorium]] and [[C]][[double prime|"]]. Placeholder name given at one time to <sup>208</sup>Tl, an isotope of [[thallium]] identified in the decay chain of [[thorium]].
|-
|ThX||Thorium X||88||Name given at one time to <sup>224</sup>Ra, an isotope of [[radium]] identified in the decay chain of [[thorium]].
|-
|Tn||[[Thoron]]||86||From [[thorium|''thor''ium]] and [[emanation (chemistry)|emanati''on'']]. Name given at one time to <sup>220</sup>Rn, an isotope of [[radon]] identified in the decay chain of [[thorium]].
|-
|UI||[[uranium-238|Uranium I]]||92||Name given at one time to <sup>238</sup>U, an isotope of [[uranium]].
|-
|UII||[[uranium-234|Uranium II]]||92||Name given at one time to <sup>234</sup>U, an isotope of [[uranium]].
|-
|UX<sub>1</sub>||Uranium X<sub>1</sub>||90||Name given at one time to <sup>234</sup>Th, an isotope of [[thorium]] identified in the decay chain of [[uranium]].
|-
|UX<sub>2</sub>||Uranium X<sub>2</sub>||91||Name given at one time to <sup>234</sup>Pa, an isotope of [[protactinium]] identified in the decay chain of [[uranium]].
|-
|UY||Uranium Y||90||Name given at one time to <sup>231</sup>Th, an isotope of [[thorium]] identified in the decay chain of [[uranium]].
|-
|UZ||Uranium Z||91||Name given at one time to <sup>234</sup>Pa, an isotope of [[protactinium]] identified in the decay chain of [[uranium]].
|}
==Other symbols that look like element symbols==
General:
*M: [[metal]] - any metal atom
*Mu: [[muonium]]
*Ps: [[positronium]]
*X: [[halogen]] - any halogen atom
From organic chemistry:
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
*Ac: [[acetyl]] - (also used for the element [[actinium]]: see above)
*Ar: [[aryl]] - (also used for the element [[argon]]: see above)
*Bn: [[benzyl]]
*Bu: [[butyl]]
*Bz: [[benzoyl]] - (also used for [[berzelium]], an old suggested name for [[praseodymium]]).
*Cp: [[cyclopentadienyl]]
*Et: [[ethyl]]
*Me: [[methyl]]
*Ms: [[mesyl]] (methylsulfonyl)
*Ph: [[phenyl]]
*Pr: [[propyl]] - (also used for the element [[praseodymium]]: see above)
*R: [[Radical (chemistry)|radical]] - some unspecified [[chemical element|element]] or [[Radical (chemistry)|radical]]
*Tf: [[triflyl]] (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)
*Tr: [[trityl]] (triphenylmethyl)
*Ts: [[tosyl]]
</div>
From inorganic chemistry:
<div style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
*Ab: [[albite]]
*Di: [[didymium]] - Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements [[praseodymium]] and [[neodymium]].
*Dp: [[decipium]] - Rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements [[samarium]], [[neodymium]] and [[praseodymium]].
*Pp: [[philippium]] - rare earth metal that proved to be a mixture of the elements [[holmium]] and [[samarium]].
</div>
== Notes ==
<references/>
== References ==
*[http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/ Element name etymologies]. Retrieved [[July 15]], [[2005]].
*Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7508/7508x1107.html Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107-1122, 2003]. Retrieved [[June 30]], [[2005]]. Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers from 1-109 taken from this source.
*[http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised] (2005).
*[http://www.webelements.com/ WebElements Periodic Table]. Retrieved [[June 30]], [[2005]]. Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 110-116 taken from this source.
*Lapp, Ralph E. ''Matter''. Life Science Library. New York: Time Incorporated. 1963.
*Leighton, Robert B. ''Principles of Modern Physics''. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1959.
== External links ==
*[http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/berzelius.html Berzelius’ List of Elements]
*[http://www.iupac.org/reports/1998/7001coplen/history.pdf History of IUPAC Atomic Weight Values (1883 to 1997)]
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