List of emotions
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2008-07-06T05:56:09Z
Susurrus
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/* Plutchik's wheel of emotions */ Fixed link.
This is a '''list of [[emotion]]s'''.
==[[Stoic Passions]]==
The [[Stoicism|Stoics]] named four primary passions. In ''On Passions'', [[Andronicus of Rhodes|Andronicus]] reported the Stoic definitions of these passions (trans. Long & Sedley, pg. 411, modified):
; '''Distress''' : [[Stress (medicine)|Distress]] is an [[Irrationality|irrational]] contraction, or a fresh [[opinion]] that something [[bad]] is present, at which people think it right to be [[Depression (mood)|depressed]].
; '''Fear''' : [[Fear]] is an irrational [[Risk aversion|aversion]], or avoidance of an expected [[Risk|danger]].
; '''Lust''' : [[Lust]] is an irrational desire, or pursuit of an expected [[Goodness and value theory|good]].
; '''Delight''' : Delight is an irrational swelling, or a fresh opinion that something good is present, at which people think it right to be [[Mania|elated]].
Numerous subdivisions of the same class are brought under the head of the separate passions. The definitions are those of the translation of Cicero's ''Tusculan Disputations'' by J. E. King.
===Distress===
; Envy : [[Envy]] is distress incurred by reason of a [[neighbor]]'s prosperity.
; Rivalry : Rivalry is distress, should another be in possession of the object desired and one has to go without it oneself.
; Jealousy : [[Jealousy]] is distress arising from the fact that the thing one has coveted oneself is in the possession of the other man as well as one's own.
; Compassion : [[Compassion]] is distress arising from the wretchedness of a neighbor in undeserved suffering.
; Anxiety : [[Anxiety]] is oppressive distress.
; Mourning : [[Mourning]] is distress arising from the untimely absence of a beloved object.
; Sadness : [[Sadness]] is tearful distress.
; Troubling : Troubling is burdensome distress.
; Grief : [[Grief]] is torturing distress.
; Lamenting : Distress accompanied by wailing.
; Depression : [[Depression (mood)|Depression]] is distress accompanied by brooding.
; Vexation : Vexation is lasting distress.
; Despondency : Despondency is distress without any prospect of amelioration.
===Fear===
; Sluggishness : Sluggishness is fear of ensuing toil.
; Shame : [[Shame]] is fear causing diffusion of blood.
; Fright : [[Fright]] is paralyzing fear which causes paleness, trembling and chattering of teeth.
; Timidity : [[Timidity]] is fear of approaching [[evil]].
; Consternation : Consternation is fear upsetting the [[mind|mental]] balance.
; Pusillanimity : Pusillanimity is fear following on the heels of fright like an attendant.
; Bewilderment : Bewilderment is fear paralyzing [[thought]].
; Faintheartedness : Faintheartedness is lasting fear.
===Lust===
; Anger : [[Anger]] is lust of punishing the man who is thought to have inflicted an undeserved [[injury]].
; Rage : [[Rage (emotion)|Rage]] is anger springing up and suddenly showing itself.
; Hatred : [[Hate|Hatred]] is inveterate anger.
; Enmity : [[Enmity]] is anger watching as opportunity for [[revenge]].
; Wrath : [[Wrath]] is anger of greater bitterness conceived in the innermost heart and [[soul]].
; Greed : [[Greed]] is insatiable lust.
; Longing : Longing is lust of beholding someone who is not present.
===Delight===
; Malice : [[Malice]] is [[pleasure]] derived from a neighbor's evil which brings no advantage to oneself.
; Rapture : [[Rapture]] is pleasure soothing the soul by [[charm]] of the sense of [[Hearing (sense)|hearing]].
; Smug: Arrogant and/or a feeling of knowing everything
; Ostentation : Ostentation is pleasure shown in outward demeanor and puffing oneself out extravagantly.
==Plutchik's wheel of emotions==
[[Robert Plutchik]] created a wheel of emotions in 1980 which consisted of 8 basic emotions and 8 advanced emotions each composed of 2 basic ones.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fractal.org/Bewustzijns-Besturings-Model/Nature-of-emotions.htm | title = The Nature of Emotions | last = Plutchik | first = R | authorlink = Robert Plutchik | accessdate = 2008-05-08 }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!| '''Basic emotion'''
!| '''Basic opposite'''
|-
|[[Joy]]||''[[Sadness]]''
|-
|[[Acceptance]]||''[[Disgust]]''
|-
|[[Fear]]||''[[Anger]]''
|-
|[[Surprise]]||''[[Anticipation]]''
|-
|[[Sadness]]||''[[Joy]]''
|-
|[[Disgust]]||''[[Acceptance]]''
|-
|[[Anger]]||''[[Fear]]''
|-
|[[Anticipation]]||''[[Surprise]]''
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!| '''Advanced emotion'''
!| '''Composed of...'''
!| '''Advanced opposite'''
|-
|[[Optimism]]||[[Anticipation]] + [[Joy]]||''[[Disappointment]]''
|-
|[[Love]]||[[Joy]] + [[Acceptance]]||''[[Remorse]]''
|-
|[[Submission]]||[[Acceptance]] + [[Fear]]||''[[Contempt]]''
|-
|[[Awe (emotion)|Awe]]||[[Fear]] + [[Surprise]]||''[[Aggressiveness]]''
|-
|[[Disappointment]]||[[Surprise]] + [[Sadness]]||''[[Optimism]]''
|-
|[[Remorse]]||[[Sadness]] + [[Disgust]]||''[[Love]]''
|-
|[[Contempt]]||[[Disgust]] + [[Anger]]||''[[Submission]]''
|-
|[[Aggressiveness]]||[[Anger]] + [[Anticipation]]||''[[Awe (emotion)|Awe]]''
|-
|}
==Emotions by groups==
Here is a categorised, tree structured list of emotions as described in Parrot (2001).<ref>{{Changing Minds | url = http://changingminds.org/explanations/emotions/basic%20emotions.htm | title = Basic emotions}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!| '''Primary emotion'''
!| '''Secondary emotion'''
!| '''Tertiary emotions'''
|-
|[[Love]]||''[[Affection]]||''Adoration, affection, love, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality''
|-
|||''[[Lust]]||''Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation''
|-
|||''[[Longing]]||''Longing''
|-
|[[Joy]]||''[[Cheerfulness]]||''Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria''
|-
|||''[[Zest]]||''Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration''
|-
|||''[[Contentment]]||''Contentment, pleasure''
|-
|||''[[Pride]]||''Pride, triumph''
|-
|||''[[Optimism]]||''Eagerness, hope, optimism''
|-
|||''[[Enthrallment]]||''Enthrallment, rapture''
|-
|||''[[Relief]]||''Relief''
|-
|[[Surprise]]||''[[Surprise]]||''Amazement, surprise, astonishment''
|-
|[[Anger]]||''[[Irritation]]||''Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness''
|-
|||''[[Exasperation]]||''Exasperation, frustration''
|-
|||''[[Rage]]||''Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment''
|-
|||''[[Disgust]]||''Disgust, revulsion, contempt''
|-
|||''[[Envy]]||''Envy, jealousy''
|-
|||''[[Torment]]||''Torment''
|-
|[[Sadness]]||''[[Suffering]]||''Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish''
|-
|||''[[Sadness]]||''Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy''
|-
|||''[[Disappointment]]||''Dismay, disappointment, displeasure''
|-
|||''[[Shame]]||''Guilt, shame, regret, remorse''
|-
|||''[[Neglect]]||''Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult''
|-
|||''[[Sympathy]]||''Pity, sympathy''
|-
|[[Fear]]||''[[Horror]]||''Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification''
|-
|||''[[Nervousness]]||''Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread''
|-
|}
==Lojban emotions==
The [[artificial language]] [[Lojban]] has interjections expressing degrees of emotions. These include:
*Simple emotions
**discovery - confusion
**gain - loss
**generosity - greed
**[[surprise]] - no surprise - expectation
**[[wonder]] - commonplace
**[[happiness]] - unhappiness
**[[amusement]] - weariness
**completion - incompleteness
**[[caring]] - loving
**[[courage]] - [[timidity]] - cowardice
**[[pity]] - cruelty
**[[repentance]] - lack of regret - innocence
*Complex emotions
**[[pride]] - [[modesty]] - [[shame]]
**[[closeness]] - detachment - [[distance]]
**complaint/[[pain]] - doing OK - [[pleasure]]
**caution - boldness - rashness - [[drama]]
**[[patience]] - mere tolerance - [[anger]]
**[[relaxation]] - composure - [[stress (psychology)|stress]]
*Pure emotions
**[[fear]] - nervousness - [[security]]
**[[togetherness]] - [[privacy]]
**[[respect]] - disrespect
**[[appreciation]] - [[envy]]
**[[love]] - indifference - hatred
**familiarity - mystery
*Propositional attitudes
**attentive - inattentive - avoiding
**alertness - exhaustion
**intent - indecision - refusal
**effort - no real effort - repose
**[[hope]] - despair
**desire - indifference - reluctance
**interest - no interest - repulsion
*Complex propositional attitudes
**permission - prohibition
**competence - incompetence
**[[obligation]] - freedom
**[[constraint]] - independence - resistance to constraint
**request - negative request
**suggestion - no suggestion - warning
**understand - confused
==See also==
* [[Affect]]
* [[Emotional mood]]
* [[Emotion and memory]]
* [[Empathy]]
* [[Facial expression]]
==References==
{{unreferenced|date=May 2008}}
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* http://www.emotionalcompetency.com/recognizing.htm That page presents lists from Ekman, Lazarus, Ortony et al., and Goleman.
* http://www.personalityresearch.org/basicemotions.html A table of basic emotions according to a variety of authors.
* http://www.taiwas.net/emotions Chart of 121 emotions (with 3D characteristic).
{{Emotion-footer}}
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[[nl:Lijst van emoties]]
[[ja:感情の一覧]]
[[simple:List of emotions]]