List of emotions 161513 223863970 2008-07-06T05:56:09Z Susurrus 9864 /* Plutchik's wheel of emotions */ Fixed link. This is a '''list of [[emotion]]s'''. ==[[Stoic Passions]]== The [[Stoicism|Stoics]] named four primary passions. In ''On Passions'', [[Andronicus of Rhodes|Andronicus]] reported the Stoic definitions of these passions (trans. Long & Sedley, pg. 411, modified): ; '''Distress''' : [[Stress (medicine)|Distress]] is an [[Irrationality|irrational]] contraction, or a fresh [[opinion]] that something [[bad]] is present, at which people think it right to be [[Depression (mood)|depressed]]. ; '''Fear''' : [[Fear]] is an irrational [[Risk aversion|aversion]], or avoidance of an expected [[Risk|danger]]. ; '''Lust''' : [[Lust]] is an irrational desire, or pursuit of an expected [[Goodness and value theory|good]]. ; '''Delight''' : Delight is an irrational swelling, or a fresh opinion that something good is present, at which people think it right to be [[Mania|elated]]. Numerous subdivisions of the same class are brought under the head of the separate passions. The definitions are those of the translation of Cicero's ''Tusculan Disputations'' by J. E. King. ===Distress=== ; Envy : [[Envy]] is distress incurred by reason of a [[neighbor]]'s prosperity. ; Rivalry : Rivalry is distress, should another be in possession of the object desired and one has to go without it oneself. ; Jealousy : [[Jealousy]] is distress arising from the fact that the thing one has coveted oneself is in the possession of the other man as well as one's own. ; Compassion : [[Compassion]] is distress arising from the wretchedness of a neighbor in undeserved suffering. ; Anxiety : [[Anxiety]] is oppressive distress. ; Mourning : [[Mourning]] is distress arising from the untimely absence of a beloved object. ; Sadness : [[Sadness]] is tearful distress. ; Troubling : Troubling is burdensome distress. ; Grief : [[Grief]] is torturing distress. ; Lamenting : Distress accompanied by wailing. ; Depression : [[Depression (mood)|Depression]] is distress accompanied by brooding. ; Vexation : Vexation is lasting distress. ; Despondency : Despondency is distress without any prospect of amelioration. ===Fear=== ; Sluggishness : Sluggishness is fear of ensuing toil. ; Shame : [[Shame]] is fear causing diffusion of blood. ; Fright : [[Fright]] is paralyzing fear which causes paleness, trembling and chattering of teeth. ; Timidity : [[Timidity]] is fear of approaching [[evil]]. ; Consternation : Consternation is fear upsetting the [[mind|mental]] balance. ; Pusillanimity : Pusillanimity is fear following on the heels of fright like an attendant. ; Bewilderment : Bewilderment is fear paralyzing [[thought]]. ; Faintheartedness : Faintheartedness is lasting fear. ===Lust=== ; Anger : [[Anger]] is lust of punishing the man who is thought to have inflicted an undeserved [[injury]]. ; Rage : [[Rage (emotion)|Rage]] is anger springing up and suddenly showing itself. ; Hatred : [[Hate|Hatred]] is inveterate anger. ; Enmity : [[Enmity]] is anger watching as opportunity for [[revenge]]. ; Wrath : [[Wrath]] is anger of greater bitterness conceived in the innermost heart and [[soul]]. ; Greed : [[Greed]] is insatiable lust. ; Longing : Longing is lust of beholding someone who is not present. ===Delight=== ; Malice : [[Malice]] is [[pleasure]] derived from a neighbor's evil which brings no advantage to oneself. ; Rapture : [[Rapture]] is pleasure soothing the soul by [[charm]] of the sense of [[Hearing (sense)|hearing]]. ; Smug: Arrogant and/or a feeling of knowing everything ; Ostentation : Ostentation is pleasure shown in outward demeanor and puffing oneself out extravagantly. ==Plutchik's wheel of emotions== [[Robert Plutchik]] created a wheel of emotions in 1980 which consisted of 8 basic emotions and 8 advanced emotions each composed of 2 basic ones.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fractal.org/Bewustzijns-Besturings-Model/Nature-of-emotions.htm | title = The Nature of Emotions | last = Plutchik | first = R | authorlink = Robert Plutchik | accessdate = 2008-05-08 }}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- !| '''Basic emotion''' !| '''Basic opposite''' |- |[[Joy]]||''[[Sadness]]'' |- |[[Acceptance]]||''[[Disgust]]'' |- |[[Fear]]||''[[Anger]]'' |- |[[Surprise]]||''[[Anticipation]]'' |- |[[Sadness]]||''[[Joy]]'' |- |[[Disgust]]||''[[Acceptance]]'' |- |[[Anger]]||''[[Fear]]'' |- |[[Anticipation]]||''[[Surprise]]'' |- |} {|class="wikitable" |- !| '''Advanced emotion''' !| '''Composed of...''' !| '''Advanced opposite''' |- |[[Optimism]]||[[Anticipation]] + [[Joy]]||''[[Disappointment]]'' |- |[[Love]]||[[Joy]] + [[Acceptance]]||''[[Remorse]]'' |- |[[Submission]]||[[Acceptance]] + [[Fear]]||''[[Contempt]]'' |- |[[Awe (emotion)|Awe]]||[[Fear]] + [[Surprise]]||''[[Aggressiveness]]'' |- |[[Disappointment]]||[[Surprise]] + [[Sadness]]||''[[Optimism]]'' |- |[[Remorse]]||[[Sadness]] + [[Disgust]]||''[[Love]]'' |- |[[Contempt]]||[[Disgust]] + [[Anger]]||''[[Submission]]'' |- |[[Aggressiveness]]||[[Anger]] + [[Anticipation]]||''[[Awe (emotion)|Awe]]'' |- |} ==Emotions by groups== Here is a categorised, tree structured list of emotions as described in Parrot (2001).<ref>{{Changing Minds | url = http://changingminds.org/explanations/emotions/basic%20emotions.htm | title = Basic emotions}}</ref> {|class="wikitable" |- !| '''Primary emotion''' !| '''Secondary emotion''' !| '''Tertiary emotions''' |- |[[Love]]||''[[Affection]]||''Adoration, affection, love, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality'' |- |||''[[Lust]]||''Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation'' |- |||''[[Longing]]||''Longing'' |- |[[Joy]]||''[[Cheerfulness]]||''Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria'' |- |||''[[Zest]]||''Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration'' |- |||''[[Contentment]]||''Contentment, pleasure'' |- |||''[[Pride]]||''Pride, triumph'' |- |||''[[Optimism]]||''Eagerness, hope, optimism'' |- |||''[[Enthrallment]]||''Enthrallment, rapture'' |- |||''[[Relief]]||''Relief'' |- |[[Surprise]]||''[[Surprise]]||''Amazement, surprise, astonishment'' |- |[[Anger]]||''[[Irritation]]||''Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness'' |- |||''[[Exasperation]]||''Exasperation, frustration'' |- |||''[[Rage]]||''Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, loathing, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment'' |- |||''[[Disgust]]||''Disgust, revulsion, contempt'' |- |||''[[Envy]]||''Envy, jealousy'' |- |||''[[Torment]]||''Torment'' |- |[[Sadness]]||''[[Suffering]]||''Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish'' |- |||''[[Sadness]]||''Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy'' |- |||''[[Disappointment]]||''Dismay, disappointment, displeasure'' |- |||''[[Shame]]||''Guilt, shame, regret, remorse'' |- |||''[[Neglect]]||''Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult'' |- |||''[[Sympathy]]||''Pity, sympathy'' |- |[[Fear]]||''[[Horror]]||''Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification'' |- |||''[[Nervousness]]||''Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread'' |- |} ==Lojban emotions== The [[artificial language]] [[Lojban]] has interjections expressing degrees of emotions. These include: *Simple emotions **discovery - confusion **gain - loss **generosity - greed **[[surprise]] - no surprise - expectation **[[wonder]] - commonplace **[[happiness]] - unhappiness **[[amusement]] - weariness **completion - incompleteness **[[caring]] - loving **[[courage]] - [[timidity]] - cowardice **[[pity]] - cruelty **[[repentance]] - lack of regret - innocence *Complex emotions **[[pride]] - [[modesty]] - [[shame]] **[[closeness]] - detachment - [[distance]] **complaint/[[pain]] - doing OK - [[pleasure]] **caution - boldness - rashness - [[drama]] **[[patience]] - mere tolerance - [[anger]] **[[relaxation]] - composure - [[stress (psychology)|stress]] *Pure emotions **[[fear]] - nervousness - [[security]] **[[togetherness]] - [[privacy]] **[[respect]] - disrespect **[[appreciation]] - [[envy]] **[[love]] - indifference - hatred **familiarity - mystery *Propositional attitudes **attentive - inattentive - avoiding **alertness - exhaustion **intent - indecision - refusal **effort - no real effort - repose **[[hope]] - despair **desire - indifference - reluctance **interest - no interest - repulsion *Complex propositional attitudes **permission - prohibition **competence - incompetence **[[obligation]] - freedom **[[constraint]] - independence - resistance to constraint **request - negative request **suggestion - no suggestion - warning **understand - confused ==See also== * [[Affect]] * [[Emotional mood]] * [[Emotion and memory]] * [[Empathy]] * [[Facial expression]] ==References== {{unreferenced|date=May 2008}} {{Reflist}} ==External links== * http://www.emotionalcompetency.com/recognizing.htm That page presents lists from Ekman, Lazarus, Ortony et al., and Goleman. * http://www.personalityresearch.org/basicemotions.html A table of basic emotions according to a variety of authors. * http://www.taiwas.net/emotions Chart of 121 emotions (with 3D characteristic). {{Emotion-footer}} [[ar:قائمة المشاعر]] [[fa:فهرست احساسات]] [[nl:Lijst van emoties]] [[ja:感情の一覧]] [[simple:List of emotions]]