List of endangered languages 311396 224375955 2008-07-08T16:07:52Z Pne 51049 /* Europe */ snap link A '''list of [[endangered language]]s''' (with fewer than 1000 speakers or in rapid decline). In order to judge if a language is endangered, the number of speakers is less important than the age distribution; there may be 500,000 speakers of [[Breton language|Breton]] over 50 years of age, but fewer than 2,000 are under 25 years of age - thus it is highly likely that Breton will die out in the next half-century (a situation mirrored in the U.S., albeit on a smaller scale, among most [[Indigenous languages of the americas|Native Americans]] and the [[Cajun]]s of southern Louisiana). There are languages in [[Indonesia]] reported to be in a similar situation with as many as two million native speakers alive now, but all of advancing age, with practically no transmission to the young. On the other hand, while there are 30,000 [[Ladin language|Ladin]] speakers left, almost all children still learn it as their mother tongue, thus Ladin is not endangered in the 21st century. Similarly, the [[Hawaiian language]] has only about 1,000 speakers but it has stabilized at this number, and now has school instruction in the language from kindergarten through college. While there are somewhere around six or seven thousand languages on Earth today, about half of them have fewer than about 3,000 speakers. Experts predict that even in a good scenario, about half of today's languages will go extinct within the next fifty to one hundred years. Accordingly, the list below presents only a sample of the approximately 3,000 currently endangered languages. ==Africa== *[[Anfillo language]] *[[Animere language]] *[[Bete language]] *[[Bikya language]] *[[Bom language]] *[[Bullom So language]] *[[Bung language]], 3 speakers *[[Bussa language]] *[[Dahalo language]] *[[Defaka language]] *[[Deti language]] *[[Jalaa language]] *[[Karon language]] *[[Laal language]] *[[Lufu language]] *[[Nkoroo language]] *[[Okiek language]] (also Akie, Kinare Okiek) *[[Ongamo language]] (or Ngasa) *[[Sherbro language]] *[[Terik language]] *[[Xiri language]] *[[ǂHõã language]] *[[Nǀu language]] ==Asia== *[[Ainu language|Ainu]], Northern [[Japan]], 1,000 speakers *[[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]] *[[Bathari language|Bathari]], [[Oman]] *Caviteño [[Chabacano]], [[Cavite City]], [[Philippines]], less than 500 speakers *[[Chintang language|Chintang]], [[Nepal]], 1,000 speakers or fewer *[[Chong language|Chong]], [[Cambodia]] and [[Thailand]], about 5500 speakers (per [[Ethnologue]]) *[[Chukchi language|Chukchi]], North-Eastern [[Siberia]], circa 10,400 speakers (2001) *[[Chulym language|Chulym]], [[Russia]], approx. 100 fluent speakers *[[Harsusi language|Harsusi]], [[Oman]] *[[Indian languages]]-especially tribal languages *[[Kadazan language|Kadazan]], [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia]] *[[Ket language|Ket]], [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]], [[Russia]], the last [[Yeniseian languages|Ieniseian language]], *[[Kristang language|Kristang (Cristão)]] (Portuguese creole spoken in [[Malacca]], [[Malaysia]]) *[[Laz language|Laz]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], [[Turkey]] *[[Macanese language|Macanese (Patuá, Macaista)]] in [[Macau]] *[[Manchu language|Manchu]], [[northeast China]], fewer than 100 speakers *[[Mehri language|Mehri]], [[Yemen]] and [[Oman]] *Languages of the [[Northern indigenous peoples of Russia]] *[[Ratagnon]], [[Mindoro]], [[Philippines]], 5 speakers or fewer; other non-Tagalog languages due to the current linguicide in the country *[[Nuristani languages]] * [[Sanskrit]], [[India]], [[Nepal]] *[[Shehri language|Shehri]], [[Oman]] *[[Soqotri language|Soqotri]], [[Socotra]], [[Yemen]] *[[Tulu]] *Most [[Formosan languages|Taiwanese aborigine language]]s, [[Taiwan]] *[[Ulch language|Ulch]], [[Russia]], 1,000 speakers or fewer *Many languages in [[Indonesia]] ==Australia and Pacific== *most [[Australian Aboriginal languages]] ** [[Amurdag language|Amurdag]], one speaker (Charlie Mangulda) in 2007 ** [[Magati Ke]], three speakers in 2007 ** [[Yanyuwa language|Yanyuwa]], four speakers ** [[Yawuru]], three speakers in 2007 * [[Auslan]] - Australian Sign Language * [[Susuami language|Susuami]], [[Papua New Guinea]], 10 speakers in 2000 ==Europe== *European Union **[[Alsatian language|Alsatian]] ([[France]]). Rapidly in decline **[[Aragonese language|Aragonese]] ([[Spain]]). Rapidly in decline **[[Aromanian language|Aromanian]] ([[Greece]] and the [[Balkans]]). Rapidly in decline **[[Arvanitika]] (Greece). Rapidly declining, very few elder speakers **[[Breton language|Breton]] (France). Rapidly in decline **[[Burgenland Croatian|Burgenland Croatian language]] (Austria). In decline **[[Cornish language|Cornish]] ([[United Kingdom]]). Despite becoming extinct for roughly a century, a revival in 20th century has led to new speakers. **[[Corsican language|Corsican]] (France). Rapid decline **[[Low German]] (Low Saxon) ([[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]]). In decline **[[Franco-Provençal language|Franco-Provençal]] ([[Italy]], [[Switzerland]], and [[France]]). Rapid decline **[[Friulian]] (Italy). In decline **[[Griko language|Griko]] (south Italian [[Greek language|Greek]]) ([[Italy]]). Rapidly in decline **[[Insubric language|Insubric]] (Italy). In decline. **[[Italkian]] (Judeo-Italian) (Italy). Possibly extinct **[[Kashubian language|Kashubian]] ([[Pomeranian language|Pomeranian]]) ([[Poland]]). Rapidly in decline **[[Karaim language|Karaim]] **[[Leonese]] (Spain). Rapidly in decline **[[Livonian language|Livonian]] ([[Estonia]] and [[Latvia]]). Approximately 35 speakers **[[Manx language|Manx]] ([[Isle of Man]]). Speakership previously dropped to only as a second language, attempts at revival have restored small native speakership **[[Mirandese]] ([[Portugal]]). In decline as a first language; recovering as a second language. **[[Molise Slavic language|Molise Slavic]] (Italy). Rapidly in decline **[[North Frisian language|North Frisian]] (Germany). In decline **[[Occitan language|Occitan]] (France). In decline **[[Romansh language]] (Switzerland). Most speakers elderly, younger generation-urban migration. **[[Sami languages]], ([[Scandinavia]]). Some have fewer than 100 speakers **[[Samogitian language]], ([[Lithuania]], some parts of [[Latvia]]). Rapidly in decline **[[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] (United Kingdom). Gaelic is not now classified as endangered by the Scottish Parliament but is also endangered in North America **[[Saterland Frisian language|Seeltersk]] (Germany). Most speakers elderly, signs of revival **[[Tsakonian language]] (Greece). Only 300 speakers **[[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]], (Germany). Rapidly in decline **[[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]], (Germany). In decline <!--**[[West Flemish]] (France, [[Belgium]]) in decline in France, not in Belgium--> **[[Võro language|Võro]] (Estonia). Fewer than 100 speakers. Most speakers elderly, signs of revival. **[[Wymysorys]] (Poland). Fewer than 100 speakers *Outside of the European Union **Insular Norman ([[Jèrriais]], [[Dgèrnésiais]] and [[Sercquiais]]), ([[Channel Islands]]). Rapidly in decline; fewer than 5,000 speakers ([[Sercquiais]] has less than 20 fluent speakers). **[[Istro-Romanian language|Istro-romanian]], [[Istria]] [[Croatia]]. 500 speakers **[[Krimchak language|Krimchak]] (Judeo-Crimean Tatar) ** Mordvin ([[Russia]]). Steady decline *** [[Erzya language]] *** [[Moksha language]] ** [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]]. Decline **[[Votian]], [[Russia]]. 20 speakers * [[Ladino language|Ladino]] (Judeo-Spanish). ~100,000 speakers, mostly grandparents. Some pockets of revival. ==North America== * [[Canada]] ** [[Abenaki language|Abenaki]]. 20 speakers in 1991. ** [[Beaver language|Beaver]], 300 speakers in 1991. ** [[Nuxálk language|Bella Coola]]. 20 speakers in 2002. ** [[Cayuga language|Cayuga]], 40 to 60 speakers in 2002. ** [[Chinook Jargon|Chinook Wawa]]. 83 speakers in Canada in 1962. ** [[Haida language|Haida]], Northern and Southern dialects, fewer than 40 speakers in Canada in 1995. ** [[Haisla language|Haisla]]. 25 speakers in 1991. ** [[Hän language|Han]]. 7 or 8 speakers in Canada in 1997. ** [[Kutenai language|Kutenai]]. 6 speakers in Canada in 2002. ** [[Michif]]. About 600 speakers in 1998. ** [[Munsee language|Munsee]]. 7 or 8 speakers in 1991. **[[Oneida language|Oneida]], fewer than 250 speakers in 1991. **[[Onondaga language|Onondaga]]. 50 to 100 speakers in 1991. **[[Potawatomi language|Potawatomi]], 100 speakers ** [[Salish|Straits Salish]]. 20 speakers in Canada in 2002. ** [[Canadian Gaelic language|Canadian Gaelic]], Only 500 speakers in Nova Scotia. Rapidly in decline ** [[Shishalh|Sechelt]]. 40 speakers in 1990. ** [[Sekani]]. 30 to 40 speakers in 1997. **[[Seneca language|Seneca]]. 25 speakers in 1991. ** [[Squamish language|Squamish]]. 15 speakers in 2002. ** [[Tagish language|Tagish]]. 2 speakers in 1995. ** [[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]. 35 speakers in 2002. ** [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]]. 145 speakers in Canada in 1998. **[[Tsuu T'ina language|Tsuu T'ina]] or ''Sarsi''. 50 speakers in 1991. ** [[Tuscarora language|Tuscarora]]. 7 or 8 speakers in Canada in 1991. * [[Costa Rica]] ** [[Boruca language|Boruca]]. 5 women speakers in 1986. 30 to 35 nonfluent speakers. * [[El Salvador]] ** [[Lenca language|Lenca]]. ** [[Pipil language|Pipil]]. 20 speakers in 1987. * [[Guatemala]] ** [[Itza' language|Itza']]. 12 speakers in 1986. * [[Honduras]] ** [[Lenca language|Lenca]]. Only a few speakers in Honduras in 1993. * [[Nicaragua]] ** [[Rama language|Rama]]. 24 speakers in 1989. * [[Mexico]] <!--** [[Awakatek language]]. 21 speakers in 2006. (This is living in Guatemala) --> ** [[Kiliwa]]. 36 speakers in 2006. ** [[Lacandón language]]. 44 speakers in 2006. (SIL counted 1000 speakers in 2000?) <!-- ** [[Ixil]]. 77 speakers in 2006. This is living in Guatemala --> ** [[Mocho' language]]. 110 speakers in 2006. <!--** [[O'odham language]]. 116 speakers in 2006. (living in US)--> ** [[Cocopa#Language|Cucapá language]]. 116 speakers in 2006. ** [[Tektitek language]]. 154 speakers in 2006. <!--** [[Kikapú/kikaapoa language]]. 157 speakers in 2006. (living in US)--> ** [[Paipai#Language|Pai pai/Jaspuy pai language]]. 200 speakers in 2006. ** [[Ixcatec language]]. 213 speakers in 2006. ** [[Kumiai/Tipai language]]. 298 speakers in 2006. <!-- ** [[Jakaltek language|Popti']]. 400 speakers in 2006.[http://www.jornada.unam.mx:8080/en-mexico-existen-14-dialectos-en-riesgo-de-desaparecer-inali/] this is living in Guatemala --> ** [[Chiapanec]]. 17 speakers in 1990. (extinct now) ** [[Matlatzinca language|Matlatzinca, Atzingo]]. 50 to 100 speakers in 1993. ** [[Matlatzinca language|Matlatzinca, San Francisco]]. **[[Oluta Popoluca]] around 30 speakers ** [[Opata language|Opata]]. 15 speakers in 1993. (functionally extinct) **[[Otomi language|Otomi de Tilapa]] 100 speakers **[[Texistepec Popoluca]] around 400 elderly speakers ** [[Zapotec language of Asunción Mixtepec|Zapotec, Asunción Mixtepec]]. 100 speakers in 1990. ** [[Zapotec language of San Agustín Mixtepec|Zapotec, San Agustín Mixtepec]]. 59 speakers in 1994. ** [[Ayapa Zoque|Zoque, Tabasco]]. 40 speakers in 1971. (considered extinct) * [[Panama]] ** [[San Miguel Creole French]]. 3 speakers in 1999. * [[United States]] ** [[Achumawi language|Achumawi]]. 8 nonfluent speakers in 2000. ** [[Ahtena language|Ahtena]]. 80 speakers in 1995. ** [[Kiowa Apache language|Kiowa Apache]]. 18 speakers in 1990. ** [[Lipan Apache language|Lipan Apache]]. 2 or 3 speakers in 1981. ** [[Arikara language|Arikara]]. 20 speakers in 1997. ** [[Atsugewi language|Atsugewi]]. 3 speakers in 1994. ** [[Caddo language|Caddo]]. 25 speakers in 1997. ** [[Cahuilla language|Cahuilla]]. 7 to 20 speakers in 1994. ** [[Cajun French Language|Cajun French]]. Usage, though not necessarily fluency, is almost entirely limited to those over the age of 50. ** [[Chetco language|Chetco]]. 5 speakers in 1962. ** [[Chinook language|Chinook]]. 12 speakers of Kiksht dialect in 1996. ** [[Chinook Jargon|Chinook Wawa]]. 17 speakers in the USA in 1990. ** [[Clallam language|Clallam]]. 10 speakers in 1997. ** [[Coeur d'Alene language|Coeur d'Alene]]. 5 speakers in 1999. ** [[Coos language|Coos]]. 1 or 2 speakers in 1962. ** [[Degexit'an language|Degexit'an]]. 20 to 30 speakers in 1997. ** [[Dena'ina language|Dena'ina]] (Tanaina). 75 speakers in 1997. ** [[Gros Ventre language|Gros Ventre]]. 10 speakers in 1977. ** [[Haida language|Northern Haida]]. 15 speakers in the USA in 1995. ** [[Hän language|Han]]. 7 or 8 speakers in Alaska in 1995. ** [[Holikachuk language|Holikachuk]]. 12 speakers in 1995. ** [[Hupa language|Hupa]]. 8 speakers in 1998. ** [[Kalapuya language|Kalapuya]]. 1 or 2 speakers in 1962. ** [[Kansa language|Kansa]]. 19 speakers in 1990. ** [[Karok language|Karok]]. 10 speakers in 1997. ** [[Kashaya language|Kashaya]]. 45 speakers in 1994. ** [[Kawaiisu language|Kawaiisu]]. 8 to 10 speakers in 2000. ** [[Klamath-Modoc language|Klamath-Modoc]]. 1 speaker in 1998. ** [[Upper Kuskokwim langauge|Upper Kuskokwim]]. 40 speakers in 1995. ** [[Kutenai language|Kutenai]]. 6 speakers in the USA in 2002. ** [[Luiseño language|Luiseño]]. 30 to 40 speakers in 2000. ** [[Lushootseed]]. 60 speakers in 1990. ** [[Northeastern Maidu language|Northeastern Maidu]]. 1 to 2 speakers in 1994. ** [[Northwestern Maidu language|Northwestern Maidu]]. 3 to 6 speakers in 1994. ** [[Mandan language|Mandan]]. 6 speakers in 1992. ** [[Menominee language|Menominee]]. 39 speakers. ** [[Utian languages|Central Sierra Miwok]]. 12 speakers in 1994. ** [[Utian languages|Lake Miwok]]. 1 to 2 speakers in 1994. ** [[Utian languages|Northern Sierra Miwok]]. 6 speakers in 1994. ** [[Utian languages|Plains Miwok]]. 1 speaker in 1962. ** [[Utian languages|Southern Sierra Miwok]]. 7 speakers in 1994. ** [[Mono language (Native American)|Mono]]. 37 to 41 speakers in 1994. ** [[Nisenan language|Nisenan]]. 1 speaker in 1994. ** [[Osage language|Osage]]. 5 speakers in 1991. ** [[Timbisha language|Panamint]]. 20 speakers. ** [[Pawnee language|Pawnee]]. 20 speakers in 1997. ** [[Central Pomo language|Central Pomo]]. 2 to 5 speakers in 1997. ** [[Southeastern Pomo language|Southeastern Pomo]]. 5 speakers in 1994. ** [[Southern Pomo language|Southern Pomo]]. 1 speaker in 1994. **[[Potawatomi language|Potawatomi]]. 50 speakers in 1995. ** [[Quapaw language|Quapaw]]. 34 speakers in 1990. ** [[Quileute language|Quileute]]. 10 speakers in 1977. ** [[Salish (Flathead Reservation)]]. 57 speakers in 2006. ** [[Salish|Straits Salish]]. **[[Seneca language|Seneca]]. 150 speakers in 1998. ** [[Serrano language|Serrano]]. 1 speaker in 1994. ** [[Siletz Dee-ni]]. 1 speaker in 2007. ** [[Snohomish language|Snohomish]]. 10 speakers in 1998. ** [[Tanacross]]. 35 speakers in 1997. ** [[Lower Tanana]]. 30 speakers in 1995. ** [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]]. 4 to 5 speakers in 1994 Hinton. ** [[Texas German]]. Near extinction. ** [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]]. less than 400 in the USA in 2006. ** [[Tubatulabal language|Tubatulabal]]. 6 speakers. ** [[Tuscarora langauge|Tuscarora]]. 4 to 5 speakers in the USA in 1997. ** [[Tututni language|Tututni]]. 10 speakers in 1962. ** [[Wasco-Wishram language|Wasco-Wishram]]. 69 speakers in 1990. ** [[Washo language|Washo]]. 10 speakers in 1998. ** [[Wichita language|Wichita]]. 3 speakers in 2000. ** [[Wintu language|Wintu]]. 5 or 6 speakers in 1997. ** [[Yokutsan languages|Yokuts]]. 78 speakers of Northern Foothill Yokuts in 1990. ** [[Yuchi language|Yuchi]]. 10 to 12 speakers in 1997. ** [[Yurok language|Yurok]]. 12 speakers in 2002. ==South America== * [[Argentina]] ** [[Ona language|Ona]]. 1 to 3 speakers in 1991. ** [[Puelche]], 5 or 6 speakers. ** [[Tehuelche language|Tehuelche]] (''[[Aonikenk]]''), 4 speakers in 2000. ** [[Vilela language|Vilela]]. 20 speakers in 1981. * [[Bolivia]] ** [[Baure language|Baure]]. 13 speakers in 2000. ** [[Itonama language|Itonama]]. 10 speakers in 2000. ** [[Leco language|Leco]]. 20 speakers in 2001. ** [[Pacahuara language|Pacahuara]]. 17 speakers in 2000. ** [[Reyesano language|Reyesano]]. Possibly a few speakers. Ethnic population about 4,000. ** [[Uru language|Uru]]. 2 speakers in 2000. * [[Brazil]] ** [[Amanayé language|Amanayé]]. Ethnic population: 60. ** [[Anambé language|Anambé]]. 7 speakers in 1991. ** [[Apiacá language|Apiacá]]. 2 speakers in 1986. ** [[Arikapú language|Arikapú]]. 6 speakers in 1998. ** [[Aruá language|Aruá]]. 12 speakers in 1990. ** [[Arutani language|Arutani]]. 17 speakers in Brazil in 1986. ** [[Aurá language|Aurá]]. 2 speakers in 2004 SIL). ** [[Cafundo Creole]]. 40 speakers in 1978. ** [[Guató language|Guató]]. 40 speakers in 1993. ** [[Himarimã language|Himarimã]]. 40 speakers. ** [[Jabutí language|Jabutí]]. 5 speakers in 1990. ** [[Júma language|Jumá]]. 4 speakers in 1998. There were 300 in 1940. ** [[Karahawyana language|Karahawyana]]. 40 speakers in 1995. ** [[Karipuná language|Karipuná]]. 12 to 15 speakers in 2000. ** [[Katawixi language|Katawixi]]. 10 speakers in 1986. ** [[Katukína language|Katukína]]. 1 speaker in 1976. Ethnic population: 360. ** [[Kreye language|Kreye]]. 30 speakers in 1995. ** [[Mapidian language|Mapidian]]. 50 in speakers in Brazil in 1986. ** [[Matipuhy language|Matipuhy]]. 40 speakers in 1995. ** [[Mondé language|Mondé]]. 30 speakers in 1995. ** [[Ofayé language|Ofayé]]. 15 speakers in 2002. ** [[Omagua language|Omagua]]. There may be none left in Brazil since 1995. ** [[Oro Win language|Oro Win]]. 5 speakers in 1996. ** [[Pirahã language|Pirahã]]. 150 speakers in 2004. Ethnic population: 200. ** [[Puruborá language|Puruborá]]. 2 speakers in 2002. ** [[Sikiana language|Sikiana]]. 33 speakers in Brazil in 1986. ** [[Tariano language|Tariano]]. 100 speakers in Brazil in 1996. ** [[Torá language|Torá]]. 40 speakers in 1990. ** [[Tremembé language|Tremembé]]. ** [[Xetá language|Xetá]]. 3 speakers in 1990. ** [[Xipaya language|Xipaya]]. 2 speakers in 2000. * [[Chile]] ** [[Qawasqar language|Qawasqar]]. 20 speakers in 1996. ** [[Yaghan language|Yaghan]]. 2 speakers in 2003. * [[Colombia]] ** [[Cabiyarí language|Cabiyarí]]. 50 speakers in 1976. ** [[Tariano language|Tariano]]. Ethnic population: 332 in Colombia in 1998. ** [[Tinigua language|Tinigua]]. 2 speakers in 2000). ** [[Totoro language|Totoro]]. 4 speakers in 1998. ** [[Angosturas Tunebo language|Tunebo Angosturas]]. 50 speakers. * [[Ecuador]] ** [[Záparo language|Záparo]]. 1 speaker in 2000. * [[Guyana]] ** [[Berbice Creole Dutch]]. 4 or 5 speakers in 1993. ** [[Mapidian language|Mapidian]]. ** [[Mawayana language|Mawayana]]. 50 speakers in 1986. * [[Peru]] ** [[Cahuarano language|Cahuarano]]. 5 speakers in 1976. ** [[Chamicuro language|Chamicuro]]. 2 speakers in 2000. ** [[Iñapari language|Iñapari]]. 4 speakers in 1999. ** [[Iquito language|Iquito]]. 35 speakers in 2002. ** [[Isconahua language|Isconahua]]. 82 speakers in 2000. ** [[Jebero language|Jebero]]. ** [[Mashco Piro language|Mascho Piro]]. 20 to 100 speakers in 1976. ** [[Muniche language|Muniche]]. 3 speakers in 1988. ** [[Omagua language|Omagua]]. 10 to 100 speakers in 1976. ** [[Resígaro language|Resígaro]]. 14 speakers in 1976. ** [[Taushiro language|Taushiro]]. 1 speaker in 2002. * [[Suriname]] ** [[Akurio language|Akurio]]. 10 speakers in 2000. ** [[Sikiana language|Sikiana]]. 15 speakers in Suriname in 2001. *[[Venezuela]] ** [[Arutani language|Arutani]]. 2 speakers in Venezuela in 2002. ** [[Mapoyo language|Mapoyo]]. 2 speakers in 2007. ** [[Pémono language|Pémono]]. 1 speaker in 2000. ** [[Sapé language|Sapé]]. 5 speakers in 1977. ** [[Sikiana language|Sikiana]]. ** [[Yabarana language|Yabarana]]. 20 to 50 speakers in 1977. ==References== {{Unreferenced|date=May 2007}} {{Reflist}} ==See also== *[[Endangered language]] *[[List of extinct languages]] *[[List of revived languages]] *[[Language families and languages]] *[[Language policy]] *[[The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire]] ==External links== *[http://www.ethnologue.com/nearly_extinct.asp List of more than 500 nearly extinct languages] in [[SIL International|SIL]]'s [http://www.ethnologue.com/ Ethnologue Report] (print version 2005: ISBN 1-55671-159-X). *[http://www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/archive/RedBook/index.html UNESCO Red Book of Endangered Languages] *[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/mission/enduringvoices/ National Geographic - Enduring Voices] [[Category:Endangered languages| ]] [[Category:Lists of languages|Endangered]] [[de:Liste bedrohter Sprachen]] [[simple:List of endangered languages]] [[sl:Seznam ogroženih jezikov]] [[sv:Lista över utrotningshotade språk]]