List of epidemics
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2008-07-01T21:31:25Z
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[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 222946937 by [[Special:Contributions/76.184.64.203|76.184.64.203]] ([[User talk:76.184.64.203|talk]])
This article is a '''list of major [[epidemic]]s'''.
==Worldwide Pandemics==
* [[165]]-[[180]]: [[Antonine Plague]], perhaps [[smallpox]]
* [[541]]: the [[Plague of Justinian]]<ref>[http://dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu/courses/BT2003/BTstudents2003_files%5CPlague2003.htm The History of the Bubonic Plague]</ref>
* [[1300s]]: the [[Black Death]]
* [[1501]]-[[1587]]: [[typhus]]
* [[1732]]-[[1733]]: [[influenza]]
* [[1775]]-[[1776]]: [[influenza]]
* [[1816]]-[[1826]]: [[cholera]]
* [[1829]]-[[1851]]: [[cholera]]
* [[1847]]-[[1848]]: [[influenza]]
* [[1852]]-[[1860]]: [[cholera]]
* [[1855]]-[[1950s]]: [[bubonic plague]]: [[Third Pandemic]]
* [[1857]]-[[1859]]: [[influenza]]
* [[1863]]-[[1875]]: [[cholera]]
* [[1889]]-[[1892]]: [[influenza]]
* [[1899]]-[[1923]]: [[cholera]]
* [[1918]]-[[1920]]: [[Influenzavirus A|avian flu]]: [[Spanish flu]]: more people were hospitalized in [[World War I]] from this epidemic than wounds. Estimates of the dead range from 20 to 100 million worldwide (WHO)
* [[1960s]]: [[cholera]] called ''[[El Tor]]''
* [[1980s]] to present: [[HIV]]
==Regional==
===Asia===
* [[1334]]: [[Black Death]] - [[China]]<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/science/features/blackdeath/default.htm On the trail of the Black Death]</ref>
* [[1347]]: [[Black Death]] - [[Anatolia]]<ref>[http://hometown.aol.com/nathan19901162/myhomepage/index.html Black Death the Bubonic Plague]</ref>
* [[1349]]: [[Black Death]] - [[Mecca]]<ref>[http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/blackDeath.html The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death)]</ref>
* [[1353]]-[[1354]]: [[Black Death]] - [[China]]
* [[1560]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[Istanbul]], the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] capital
* [[1812]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[Istanbul]], [[Ottoman Empire]]
* [[1829]]-[[1835]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[Iran|Persia]]
* [[1903]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[India]]<ref>[http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_plague.shtm Texas Department of State Health Services, History of Plague]</ref>
* [[1957]]-[[1958]]: [[avian influenza]]: [[Asian flu]]
* [[1968]]-[[1969]]: [[avian influenza]]: [[Hong Kong flu]]
* [[1994]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[India]]
* [[1997]]: [[avian influenza]] - [[China]], [[Hong Kong]]
* [[2002]]-[[2003]]: [[SARS]]
* [[2004]]: [[dengue fever]] - [[Indonesia]]
* [[2004]]: [[cholera]] - [[Bangladesh]]<ref>[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1087956 Self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: Role of host-mediated amplification of phage]</ref>
* [[2006]]: [[malaria]] - [[India]]<ref>[http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/Malaria-Epidemic-Sweeps-Northeast-India-9507-1/ Malaria Epidemic Sweeps Northeast India]</ref>
* [[2006]]: [[dengue fever]] - [[India]]<ref>[http://www.news-medical.net/?id=20348 Dengue epidemic threatens India's capital]</ref>
* [[2006]]: [[dengue fever]] - [[Philippines]]
* [[2006]]: [[dengue fever]] - [[Pakistan]]
* [[2006]]: [[chikungunya]] - [[India]]<ref>[http://www.who.int/csr/don/2006_10_17/en/index.html WHO | Chikungunya in India]</ref>
* [[2007 Iraq cholera outbreak|2007: cholera - Iraq]]<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21121516/ Cholera outbreak in Iraq growing], [[Associated Press]]</ref>
* [[2007]]: [[cholera]] - [[India]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6968281.stm Cholera death toll in India rises], BBC News</ref>
* [[2008]]: [[dengue fever]] - [[Cambodia]]<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/BKK133167.htm Cambodia suffers worst dengue epidemic, 407 dead], Reuters</ref>
* [[2008]]: [[Hand, foot and mouth disease]] - [[People's Republic of China|China]]
===Africa===
* [[1347]]-[[1349]]: [[Black Death]] - [[North Africa]]<ref>[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761588279/black_death.html Black Death]</ref>
* [[1840]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Cape Town]]
* [[1896]]-[[1906]]: [[sleeping sickness]] - [[Congo basin]]<ref>[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs259/en/ African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)], [[WHO]]</ref>
* [[1900]]-[[1920]]: [[sleeping sickness]] - [[Uganda]]<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-115694306.html Reanalyzing the 1900-1920 sleeping sickness epidemic in Uganda]</ref>
* [[2001]]: [[cholera]] - [[Nigeria]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1677526.stm Nigeria cholera outbreak kills 400]</ref>
* [[2001]]: [[cholera]] - [[South Africa]]<ref>[http://www.redcross.org/news/in/health/010312cholera.html Cholera Spreads Through South Africa Townships]</ref>
* [[2004]]: [[ebola]] - [[Sudan]]
* [[2006]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[Ituri Province|Ituri]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
* [[2006]]: [[cholera]] - [[Luanda]], [[Angola]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4990960.stm Worst cholera outbreak in Angola], [[BBC]]</ref>
* [[2007]]: [[ebola]] - [[Mweka, Democratic Republic of the Congo]]<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/mourners-die-as-fever-grips-congo/2007/08/30/1188067243698.html "Mourners die as fever grips Congo."] ''Sydney Morning Herald'', August 30, 2007</ref>
* [[2007]]: [[cholera]] - [[Ethiopia]]<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/feb/22/ethiopia Fatal outbreak not a cholera epidemic, insists Ethiopia]</ref>
* [[2007]]: [[ebola]] - [[Uganda]]
* [[2007]]: [[cholera]] - [[Somalia]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6594659.stm Somalia cholera death fears grow]</ref>
* [[2008]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Madagascar]]<ref>[http://eldib.wordpress.com/2008/01/10/2175/ Madagascar: eighteen dead from Bubonic Plague, five in hospital since 1 January 2008]</ref>
* [[2008]]: [[cholera]] - [[Chad]]<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=51238 Cholera epidemic in western Chad kills 123]</ref>
===Australia===
* [[1789]]-[[1790]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Australian Aborigines|Aborigines]] of [[NSW]]<ref>[http://www.ahc.org.au/history/history.html BC [Before Cook] and Colonisation]</ref>
* [[1828]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Australian Aborigines|Aborigines]] of [[New South Wales]]<ref>[http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/arr/arow/hgkr.html Aboriginal Health History]</ref>
* [[1829]]: [[smallpox]] - [[South Australia]]<ref>[http://www.familyhistorysa.info/timeline.html South Australian History Timeline (19th Century)]</ref>
* [[1857]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]<ref>[http://www.medicalpioneers.com/colonial.htm Australian Medical Pioneers Index (AMPI) - Colonial Medical Life]</ref>
* [[1867]]: [[measles]] - [[Sydney]]
===Central and South America===
* [[1493]]: [[influenza]] - [[Hispaniola]]
* [[1507]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Hispaniola]]<ref>[http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_smallpox.shtm Texas Department of State Health Services, History of Smallpox]</ref>
* [[1515]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Puerto Rico]]
* [[1518]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Hispaniola]]
* [[1520]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Mexico]]<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html Guns Germs & Steel: Variables. Smallpox]</ref>
* [[1527]]-[[1530]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Peru]]
* [[1530]]-[[1531]]: [[measles]] - [[Mexico]], [[Peru]]
* [[1546]]: [[typhus]] - [[Mexico]], [[Peru]]
* [[1555]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Brazil]]
* [[1558]]-[[1559]]: [[influenza]] - [[Mexico]], [[Peru]]
* early 1600s: [[malaria]]
* [[1648]]: [[yellow fever]]
* [[1990s]]: [[cholera]]
* [[2007]]: [[dengue fever]] - [[Puerto Rico]]
* [[2008]]: [[dengue fever]] - [[Brazil]]
===Europe===
* [[1347]]-[[1351]]: [[Black Death]]
* [[1428]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[London]], [[England]]<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Plague Plague - LoveToKnow 1911]</ref>
* [[1466]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[Paris]], [[France]]
* [[1489]]: [[typhus]] - [[Granada]], [[Spain]]
* [[1485]]: [[sweating sickness]] - [[England]]
* [[1494]]-[[1495]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[Iceland]]
* [[1498]]: [[Plague (disease)|plague]] - [[England]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/voices/voices_salisbury.shtml Plague in Tudor and Stuart England]</ref>
* [[1509]]-[[1510]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[England]]
* [[1527]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Germany]]
* [[1557]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]], [[Spain]]
* [[1563]]-[[1564]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[England]]
* [[1570]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Moscow]], [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]]
* [[1574]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Edinburgh]], [[Scotland]]
* [[1596]]-[[1602]] - [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Spain]]<ref>[http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm A History of Spain and Portugal]</ref>
* [[1603]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[London]], [[England]]
* [[1630]]: [[Italian Plague of 1629-1631|Great Plague of Milan]] - [[Milan]], [[Italy]]
* [[1630]]-[[1631]] - [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Venice]], [[Italy]]
* [[1636]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], [[England]]
* [[1647]]-[[1652]]: [[Great Plague of Seville]] - [[Spain]]
* [[1656]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Naples]], [[Italy]]
* [[1663]]-[[1664]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
* [[1665]]: [[Great Plague of London]] - [[London]], [[England]]
* [[1668]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[France]]
* [[1676]]-[[1685]] - [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Spain]]
* [[1679]]: [[Great Plague of Vienna]] - [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
* [[1710]]-[[1711]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]
* [[1720]]-[[1722]]: [[Great Plague of Marseille]] - [[France]]
* [[1743]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Messina]], [[Italy]]
* [[1771]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Plague Riot|Moscow, Russia]]
* [[1813]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]] - [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
* [[1816]]-[[1819]]: [[typhus]] - [[Ireland]]
* [[1832]]: [[cholera]] - [[London]], [[Paris]]
* [[1866]]-[[1867]]: [[cholera]] - [[Russia]], [[Germany]]
* [[1870]]-[[1871]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Germany]]
* [[1881]]-[[1896]]: [[cholera]] - [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]]
* [[1918]]-[[1922]]: [[typhus]] - [[Russia]]
* [[1972]]: [[1972 outbreak of smallpox in Yugoslavia|smallpox]] - [[Yugoslavia]]
===Egypt===
*[[1801]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]]
*[[1831]]: [[cholera]]
*[[1834]]-[[1836]]: [[Bubonic plague|plague]]
*[[1848]], [[1865]], [[1881]]: [[cholera]]
*[[1902]]: [[cholera]]
*[[1942]]-[[1944]]: [[falciparum malaria]]
*[[1946]]: [[relapsing fever]]
*[[1947]]: [[cholera]]
===North America===
* [[1592]]-[[1596]]: [[measles]] - [[Seneca nation|Seneca Indians]]<ref>[http://www.kporterfield.com/aicttw/articles/disease.html American Indian Epidemics]</ref>
* [[1617]]-[[1619]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Massachusetts Bay]] area<ref>[http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9968/9968.ch01.php The Fight to Eradicate a Global Scourge]</ref>
* [[1630]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Hurons]] of [[Ontario]]
* [[1634]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]] living along the [[Connecticut River]]
* [[1633]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Plymouth Colony]]
* [[1657]]: [[measles]] - [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
* [[1687]]: [[measles]] - [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
* [[1690]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[New York, New York]]
* [[1713]]: [[measles]] - [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
* [[1713]]-[[1715]]: [[measles]] - [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]] of [[New England]] and the [[Great Lakes]]
* [[1721]]-[[1722]]:[[smallpox]] - [[Boston, Massachusetts]]<ref>[http://www.todayinsci.com/B/Boylston_Zabdiel/Boylston_Zabdiel.htm Zabdiel Boylston and innoculation]</ref>
* [[1729]]: [[measles]] - [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
* [[1738]]: [[smallpox]] - [[South Carolina]]
* [[1739]]-[[1740]]: [[measles]] - [[Boston, Massachusetts]]
* [[1747]]: [[measles]] - [[Connecticut]], [[New York]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[South Carolina]]
* [[1755]]-[[1756]]: [[smallpox]] - North America
* [[1759]]: [[measles]] - North America
* [[1761]]: [[influenza]] - North America and West Indies
* [[1770s]]: [[smallpox]] - [[West Coast of the United States|Northwest Coast]] Indians<ref>Greg Lange,[http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5100 "Smallpox epidemic ravages Native Americans on the northwest coast of North America in the 1770s"], 23 Jan 2003, HistoryLink.org, ''Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History'', accessed 2 Jun 2008</ref>
* [[1772]]: [[measles]] - North America
* [[1775]]: unknown cause - North America, particularly in the northeast
* [[1780]]-[[1782]] - [[Plains Indians]]<ref>[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2094753 The first smallpox epidemic on the Canadian Plains: In the fur-traders' words]</ref>
* [[1783]]: bilious disorder - [[Dover, Delaware]]
* [[1788]]: [[measles]] - [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] and [[New York]]
* [[1788]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Pueblo Indians]]
* [[1793]]: [[influenza]] and "putrid fever" - [[Vermont]]
* [[1793]]: [[influenza]] - [[Virginia]]
* [[1793]]: [[Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793]] - [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]<ref>[http://www.libby-genealogy.com/epidemics.htm Epidemics]</ref>
* [[1793]]: unknown - [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]]
* [[1793]]: unknown - [[Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Middletown, Pennsylvania]]
* [[1794]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
* [[1796]]-[[1797]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
* [[1798]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]
* [[1803]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[New York]]
* [[1820]]-[[1823]]: [[fever]] - [[United States]] spreading from the [[Schuylkill River]]
*[[1831]]-[[1832]]: [[Asiatic cholera]] - [[United States]] (brought by English immigrants)
*[[1831]]-[[1834]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Plains Indians]]
*[[1832]]: [[cholera]] - [[New York City]] and other major cities
*[[1833]]: [[cholera]] - [[Columbus, Ohio]]
*[[1834]]: [[cholera]] - [[New York City]]
*[[1837]]: [[typhus]] - [[Philadelphia]]
*[[1837-38 smallpox epidemic]] - [[Great Plains]]
*[[1841]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[United States]] (especially severe in the South)
*[[1847]]: [[yellow fever]] [[New Orleans]]
*[[1848]]-[[1849]]: [[cholera]] - North America
*[[1849]]: [[cholera]] [[New York]]
*[[1850]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[United States]]
*[[1850]]-[[1851]]: [[influenza]] - North America
*[[1851]]: [[cholera]] [[Coles County, Illinois]], The Great Plains, and [[Missouri]]
*[[1852]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[United States]] (New Orleans-8,000 die in summer)
*[[1855]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[United States]]
*[[1860]]-[[1861]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Pennsylvania]]
*[[1865]]-[[1873]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Philadelphia]], [[New York City]], [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], [[New Orleans]]
*[[1865]]-[[1873]]: [[cholera]] - [[Baltimore, Maryland]], [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Washington, DC]]
*[[1865]]-[[1873]]: recurring epidemics of [[typhus]], [[typhoid]], [[scarlet fever]], and [[yellow fever]]
*[[1873]]-[[1875]]: [[influenza]] - North America and Europe
*[[1876]]: [[smallpox]] - [[Deadwood, South Dakota]]
*[[1878]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[New Orleans]]
*[[1885]]: [[typhoid]] - [[Plymouth, Pennsylvania]]
*[[1886]]: [[yellow fever]] - [[Jacksonville, Florida]]
*[[1900]]-[[1904]]: [[Third Pandemic|plague]] - [[San Francisco]]<ref>[http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_plague.shtm History of Plague]</ref>
*[[1918]]-[[1920]]: [[Spanish flu]] - [[Fort Riley, Kansas]]
*[[1999]]-[[2003]]: [[West Nile virus]] - [[United States]] and [[Canada]]
==See also==
*[[Pandemic]]
*[[List of historical plagues]]
*[[List of natural disasters by death toll|List of natural disasters]]
*[[Infectious diseases]]
*[[Tropical diseases]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
===On Egypt===
*Kuhnke, Laverne. ''Lives at Risk: Public Health in Nineteenth-Century Egypt.''[http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft5t1nb3mq/] Berkeley: University of California Press, c1990.
*Gallagher, Nancy. ''Egypt's Other Wars: Epidemics and the Politics of Public Health.'' Syracuse University Press, c1990. Published by the American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 977-424-295-5
[[Category:Disaster lists|Epidemics]]
[[Category:Epidemics|*]]
[[Category:Pandemics|*]]
[[Category:Epidemiology]]
[[Category:History of medicine]]
[[simple:List of epidemics]]