List of eponymous medical signs
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'''Eponymous medical signs''' are those that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally named after a famous patient.
{| class="wikitable" class="sortable wikitable"
| '''Letter''' || '''Sign''' || '''Name''' || '''Field''' || '''Associated conditions''' || '''External link<BR>(if no internal link)'''|| '''Descriptor'''
|-
| A || [[Aaron sign]] || [[Charles Dettie Aaron]] || surgery || [[appendicitis]] || ||epigastric pain with pressure on McBurney's point
|-
| A || [[Abadie's sign]] || [[Jean Marie Charles Abadie]] ||endocrinology ||[[Graves' disease]] || ||levator palpebrae superioris spasm
|-
| A || [[Abadie's symptom]] || [[Joseph Louis Irenée Jean Abadie]] ||neurology ||[[tabes dorsalis]] || ||absence of pain on Achiiles tendon pressure
|-
| A || [[Abderhalden reaction]] || [[Emil Abderhalden]] || obstetrics ||pregnancy || ||serum reaction;obsolete
|-
| A || [[Abelin reaction]] || [[Isaak Abelin]] ||infectious disease ||[[syphilis]] || ||presence of arsenical anti-syphilitic;obsolete
|-
| A || [[Addis count]] || [[Thomas Addis]] ||nephrology ||[[pyelonephritis]] || (needed)||quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. urine
|-
| A || [[Holmes-Adie syndrome|Adie pupil]] || [[William John Adie]] || neurology || || ||
|-
| A || [[Adson's sign]] || [[Alfred Adson]] ||vascular surgery ||[[thoracic outlet syndrome]] || ||obliteration of radial pulse with manouevres
|-
| A || [[Alexander's law]] || ? ||neurology, neurosurgery, ENT ||vestibular lesions || ||describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions
|-
| A || [[Allen's test]] || [[Edgar Van Nuys Allen]] || vascular surgery, critical care(1) || arterial supply of the hand || ||tests for presence of palmar ulnar-radial anastomosis (palmar arch)
|-
| A || [[Apley grind test]] || [[Alan Graham Apley]] ||orthopaedic surgery ||meniscal lesions || ||manouevres to elicit knee pain
|-
| A || [[Argyll Robertson pupil]]s || [[Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson]] || neurology ||[[neurosyphilis]] || ||light-near dissociation
|-
| A || [[Arneth count]] || [[Josef Arneth]] ||haematology, nutrition ||folate deficiency || ||lobulation of neutrophil nuclei
|-
| A || [[Aschheim-Zondek test]] || [[Selmar Aschheim]], [[Bernhard Zondek]] ||obstetrics ||normal pregnancy || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|1834}} ||oestral reaction in mouse injected with pregnant urine
|-
| A || [[Aschoff body]] || [[Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff]] ||rheumatology, pathology ||[[rheumatic fever]] || ||foci of interstitial inflammatiuon in the myocardium and elsewhere
|-
| A || [[Ashby techniques]] || [[Winifred Ashby]] ||haematology, pathology ||haemolysis || (needed) ||agglutination test for eryhrocyte survival
|-
| A || [[Auberger's blood group]] || [[Auberger (patient)]] ||haematology ||normal physiology || (needed)||Aua antigen
|-
| A || [[Auenbrugger's sign]] || [[Josef Leopold Auenbrugger]] || cardiology || [[pericardial effusion]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|284}}||bulging epigastrium
|-
| A || [[Auer rods]] || [[John Auer]] || hematology || [[acute myeloid leukemia]] || ||cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloblasts
|-
| A || [[Auspitz's sign]] || [[Heinrich Auspitz]] ||dermatology ||[[psoriasis]] || ||punctate bleeding when scales are scraped
|-
| A || [[Austin Flint murmur]] || [[Austin Flint]] || cardiology || [[aortic insufficiency]] || ||mid-diastolic rumble heard at apex
|-
| B || [[Babinski sign]] || [[Joseph Babinski]] || neurology || abnormal [[plantar reflex]] || ||dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot
|-
| B || [[Bainbridge reflex]] || [[Francis Arthur Bainbridge]] ||cardiology ||normal physiology || ||increase in heart rate with increase in circulating blood volume
|-
| B || [[Balbiani rings]] || [[Edouard-Gérard Balbiani]] || || || (needed)||
|-
| B || [[Ballance's sign]] || [[Charles Alfred Ballance]] ||general surgery ||abdominal/splenic trauma || (needed)||percussive dullness left flank, LUQ, percussive rsonance right flank
|-
| B || [[Bárány test]] || [[Robert Bárány]] ||ENT,neurology ||vertigo, vestibulsr dysfunction || (needed)||nystagmus elicited by hot or cold irrigation of ear canal
|-
| B || [[Barlow maneuver|Barlow's maneuver]] || [[Sir Thomas Barlow, 1st Baronet]] ||paediatrics, orthopaedic surgery ||[[hip displasia]] || (needed)|| dislocation on adduction of hip
|-
| B || [[Hemoglobin Barts|Bart hemoglobin]] || [[St Bartholomew's Hospital|Barts Hospital]] || Obstetrics, pathology ||indicates a specific cause of death in some stillborns || (needed) || Loss of all four alpha-globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads to severely anemic stillborn babies with small amounts of an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin)
|-
| B || [[Bastian-Bruns sign]] || [[Henry Charlton Bastian]], [[Ludwig Bruns]] ||neurology ||spinal cord transection || (needed)||loss of muscle tone and reflexes below lesion level
|-
| B || [[Battle's sign]] || [[William Henry Battle]] || neurosurgery/traumatology || [[basal skull fracture]] || ||mastoid ecchymosis
|-
| B || [[Beau's lines]] || [[Joseph Honoré Simon Beau]] ||dermatology, internal medicine ||multiple, including trauma || ||transverse ridges on nails
|-
| B || [[Beck's triad]] || [[Claude Beck|Claude Schaeffer Beck]] || cardiology || [[cardiac tamponade]] || ||hypotension, increased central venous pressure (JVP), distant heart sounds
|-
| B || [[Becker's sign]] || [[Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker]] ||ophthalmology, endocrinology ||[[thyrotoxicosis]] || (needed)||visible pulsation of retinal arteries
|-
| B || [[Beevor's sign]] || [[Charles Edward Beevor]] ||neurology, neurosurgery ||spinal trauma at T10, als,fsmd || ||caudal movement of navel on cervical flexion
|-
| B || Bekhterev- Jacobsohn reflex || [[Vladimir Bekhterev]], Louis Jacobsohn || neurology || || ||stroking dorsal radial skin, with forearm in supination, elicits wrist and finger flexion
|-
| B || [[Bekhterev-Mendel reflex]] || [[Vladimir Bekhterev]], [[Kurt Mendel]] ||neurology ||[[pyramidal tract]] lesions || (needed)||toe flexion on percussion of dorsum of foot
|-
| B || [[Bence Jones protein]] || [[Henry Bence Jones]] || hematology || [[multiple myeloma]] || ||
|-
| B || [[Benedict's reagent|Benedict solution]] || [[Stanley Rossiter Benedict]] ||endocrinology ||[[diabetes mellitus]] || ||reagent for presence of monosaccharides
|-
| B || [[Berger wave (rhythm)]] || [[Hans Berger]] ||neurology || normal physiology || (needed)||electroencephalographic alpha wave
|-
| B || [[Bezold-Jarisch reflex]] || [[Albert von Bezold]], [[Adolf Jarisch]] ||pharmacology, toxicology ||effect of certain alkaloids || (needed)||apnea, bradycardia, hypotension
|-
| B || [[Bielschowsky's tilt test]] || [[Alfred Bielschowsky]] ||neurology, ophthalmology ||lesions of cranial nerve iv || (needed)||test for palsy of superior oblique
|-
| B || Bing's sign || Paul Robert Bing ||neurology,ENT ||hearing loss || (needed)||see [[Rinne test]]
|-
| B || [[Biot's respiration]] || [[C. Biot]] || neurology ||brain stem herniation || ||quick shallow respirations followed by period of apnea
|-
| B || [[Bitot's spots]] || [[Pierre Bitot]] || ophthalmology || [[vitamin A]] deficiency || ||spots of keratin deposition in the conjunctiva
|-
| B || [[Bjerrum scotoma]] || [[Jannik Peterson Bjerrum]] ||ophthalmology ||[[glaucoma]] || (needed)||comet shaped visual field defect,extending temporally from the physiological blind spot
|-
| B || [[Blumberg sign]] || [[Jacob Moritz Blumberg]] ||surgery ||peritonitis || ||rebound tenderness
|-
| B || [[Boas' point]] || [[Ismar Isidor Boas]] ||gastroenterology ||gastric ulcer || (needed)||dermal hyperaesthesia just left of T12
|-
| B || [[Boas' sign]] || [[Ismar Isidor Boas]] ||gastroenterology ||acute cholecystitis || ||dermal hyperaesthesia at inferior angle of R scapula
|-
| B || [[Bodansky unit]] || [[Meyer Bodansky]] || || || (needed)||
|-
| B || [[Boston's sign]] || [[L.N. Boston]] ||ophthalmology, endocrinology ||[[thyrotoxicosis]] || ||spasmodic ptosis on downward gaze
|-
| B || [[Bouchard's nodes]] || [[Charles-Joseph Bouchard]] || rheumatology || [[osteoarthritis]] || ||bony outgrowths on dorsa of proximal interphalangeal joints
|-
| B || [[Bracht-Wachter bodies]] || [[Erich Franz Eugen Bracht]], [[H. Wächter]] ||cardiology ||infective endocarditis || ||yellow-white spots in the myocardium
|-
| B || [[Branham's sign]] || [[Henry Branham]] || || || (needed) ||pressing on proximal portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia
|-
| B || [[Braxton Hicks|Braxton Hicks contraction]] || [[John Braxton Hicks]] || obstetrics || normal pregnancy || ||"false labour". sporadic contractions beginning as early as mid 1st trimester
|-
| B || [[Brewer infarcts]] || [[George Emerson Brewer]] ||nephrology, pathology ||pyelonephritis || (needed)||dark red wedge shaped areas on kidney section resembling infarcts
|-
| B || [[Broadbent inverted sign]] || [[Sir William Broadbent, 1st Baronet]] ||cardiology ||L atrial hypertrophy || (needed)||systole palpable in posterior chest wall
|-
| B || [[Brissaud's reflex]] || [[Édouard Brissaud]] ||neurology || || (needed)||plantar stimulation elicits contraction of tensor fasciae latae
|-
| B || [[Broadbent sign]] || [[Sir William Broadbent, 1st Baronet]] ||cardiology ||adhesive pericarditis || (needed)||recession of L inferior intercostal spaces
|-
| B || [[Expressive aphasia|Broca aphasia]] || [[Paul Broca]] || neurology, neuropsychology ||developmental or other pathology of various frontal cortical areas || ||[[expressive aphasia]]
|-
| B || Brodie-Trendelenburg percussion test || Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie,bt., Friedrich Trendelenburg || general medicine, surgery || varicose veins || || superficial vein is percussed proximally;if impulse is felt over vein distally, valvular incompetence is present.
|-
| B || [[Brodie-Trendelenburg test]] || [[Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet|Benjamin Collins Brodie]], [[Friedrich Trendelenburg]] ||general medicine,surgery ||[[varicose veins]] || ||identifies level of valvular incompetence
|-
| B || [[Brudzinski neck sign]] || [[Józef Brudziński]] || neurology || [[meningitis]] || ||neck flexion elicits hip and knee flexion
|-
| B || [[Brudzinski cheek sign]] || [[Józef Brudzinski]] || neurology || [[meningitis]] || ||pressure beneath zygoma elicits flexion of forearm
|-
| B || [[Brudzinski symphiseal sign]] || [[Józef Brudzinski]] || neurology || [[meningitis]] || ||pressure over symphisis pubis elicits knee, hip flexion and leg abduction
|-
| B || [[Brudzinski reflex]] ||[[Józef Brudzinski]] || neurology || [[meningitis]] || ||passive flexion of knee to abdomen elicits flexion of contralateral hip and knee
|-
| B || [[Bruit de Roger]] || [[Henri-Louis Roger]] ||paediatric cardiology ||ventricular septal defect || (needed)||loud pansystolic murmur
|-
| B || [[Bruns ataxia]] || [[Ludwig Bruns]] ||neurology ||frontal lobe lesions || (needed)||difficulty moving feet in contact with floor, tendency to fall backwards
|-
| B || [[Brushfield spots]] || [[Thomas Brushfield]] ||ophthalmology, genetics ||Downs' syndrome or non-pathological || ||greyish-white spots at periphery of iris
|-
| B || [[Burton line]] || [[Henry Burton]] || toxicology || lead poisoning ||NEJM 354:e21 5/18/06||Blue discolouration of the gingival border||
|-
| C || [[Cabot rings]] || [[Richard Cabot]] || hematology || lead poisoning, anaemias || ||threadlike strands in erythrocytes
|-
| C || [[Caput medusae]] || [[Medusa]] ||gastroenterology, surgery ||portal hypertension || ||distended veins radiating from umbilicus
|-
| C || [[Cardarelli's sign]] || Antonio Cardarelli ||cardiology, thoracic surgery ||aortic arch dilatation or aneurysm, mediastinal tumour || ||left displacement of trachea elicits palpable pulsation of same
|-
| C || [[Carey Coombs murmur]] || [[Carey Coombs]] ||cardiology,rheumatology ||rheumatic fever || (needed)||mid-diastolic rumble
|-
| C || [[Carnett's test]] || [[John Carnett]] ||primary care, surgery ||abdominal mass and/or pain || Am J Med Sci 174 (1927): 579–599 ||supine patient lifts head from bed;↑ pain - abdominal wall ;↓ pain - intraperitoneal
|-
| C || [[Carvallo sign]] || José Carvallo || || || (needed)||
|-
| C || [[Casal collar]] || [[Gaspar Casal]] ||nutrition || [[pellagra]] (niacin deficiency) ||[http://emedicine.com/derm/topic621,htm]||widely variable collar of dermatitis characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes
|-
| C || [[Casoni test]] || [[Tommaso Casoni]] ||infectious disease, tropical medicine ||[[hydatid disease]] || (needed)||intradermal antigen
|-
| C || [[Inflammation|Celsus signs of inflammation]] || [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus]] ||various || inflammation || ||1. Rubor (redness) 2. Tumor (swelling)3. Caldor (heat) 4. Dolor (pain)
|-
| C || [[Chaddock reflex]] || [[Charles Gilbert Chaddock]] ||neurology ||pyramidal lesions, corticospinal tract lesions || ||extension of big toe with stimulation of skin over lateral malleolus
|-
| C || [[Chadwick's sign|Chadwick sign]] || [[James Read Chadwick]] || obstetrics ||pregnancy || ||cyanosis of vulva, vagina and cervix
|-
| C || [[Charcot's triad]] || [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] || surgery || [[ascending cholangitis]] || ||jaundice, fever and chills, RUQ pain
|-
| C || [[Charcot's Triad]] || [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] || neurology || [[multiple sclerosis]] || || nystagmus, intention tremor ,staccato speech
|-
| C || [[Charcot-Leyden crystals]] || [[Jean-Martin Charcot]], [[Ernst Viktor von Leyden]] ||pathology ||any disorder characterized by eosinophil proliferation, e.g. [[ascariasis]] || ||lysophospholipase crystals in various tissues
|-
| C || [[Cheyne-Stokes respiration]] || [[John Cheyne (physician)|John Cheyne]], [[William Stokes]] || palliative care || || ||
|-
| C || [[Churchill-Cope reflex]] || [[Edward Delos Churchill]], [[Oliver Cope]] || || || (needed)||
|-
| C || [[Chvostek's sign]] || [[František Chvostek]] || endocrinology || [[hypocalcemia]] || ||tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s)
|-
| C || [[Claybrook sign]] || [[Edwin Claybrook]] ||emergency medicine, surgery ||blunt abdominal trauma || (needed)||heart and/or breath sounds heard through abdominal wall indicate rupture of viscus
|-
| C || [[Clutton's joints]] || [[Henry Hugh Clutton]] ||paediatrics ||hereditary syphilis || (needed)||painless symmetrical hydrarthroses, particularly of the knees
|-
| C || [[Codman's triangle]] || [[Ernest Armory Codman]] ||oncology, orthopaedic surgery, radiology ||osteosarcoma, ewing's sarcoma || ||triangular subperiosteal growth
|-
| C || [[Comby sign]] || [[Jules Comby]] ||paediatrics ||rubeola || (needed)||whitish patches on gingiva and buccal mucosa
|-
| C || [[Coombs test]] || [[Robin Coombs]] || hematology || [[hemolytic anemia]] || ||
|-
| C || [[Coons fluorescent antibody method]] || [[Albert Coons]] || || || (needed)||
|-
| C || [[Corrigan pulse]] || [[Dominic John Corrigan]] || cardiology || [[aortic insufficiency]] || ||carotid pulsations with abrupt ascending and descending phases
|-
| C || [[Councilman body]] || [[William Councilman]] ||infectious disease ||yellow fever, viral haemorrhagic fevers || ||eosinophilic globules in liver
|-
| C || [[Courvoisier's law]] || [[Ludwig Georg Courvoisier]] || gastroenterology || obstructive jaundice || ||palpable gall bladder w/ painless jaundice unlikely to be cholelithiasis
|-
| C || [[Crichton-Browne sign]] || [[Sir James Crichton-Browne]] ||neuropsychiatry ||'general paresis' || (needed)||tremor at corners of mouth and of outer canthus
|-
| C || [[Crowe sign]] || [[Samuel Crowe]] ||dermatology (?) ||neurofibromatosis type I || ||axillary freckling
|-
| C || [[Cruveilhier-Baumgarten bruit]] || [[Jean Cruveilhier]], [[Paul Clemens von Baumgarten]] ||internal medicine ||cirrhosis;portal hypertension || (needed)||periumbilical hum
|-
| C || [[Cullen's sign]] || [[Thomas Cullen]] || surgery || intraabdominal haemorrhage || ||ecchymosis around umbilicus predicts onset of acute pancreatitis
|-
| C || [[Curschmann spirals]] || [[Hans Curschmann]] || || || ||
|-
| C || [[Cushing's triad]] || [[Harvey Cushing]] || neurology || raised [[intracranial pressure]] || ||elevated systolic bp, bradycardia, irregular respiration
|-
| D || [[Dagher Maneuver]] || [[Nabil Dagher]] || trauma surgery ||penetrating pelvic trauma|| || bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with one digit in an incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum
|-
| D || [[Dahl's sign]] || ? ||pulmonology ||COPD || [http://www.aipge.com/article-704-nested-0-0.html]||pigmented calluses on anterior surface of thighs (from leaning on elbows)
|-
| D || [[Dalrymple sign]] || John Dalrymple ||ophthalmology, endocrinology ||thyrotoxicosis || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|494}}||widened palpebral opening
|-
| D || [[Dance's sign]] || Jean-Baptiste Hippolyte Dance ||(paediatric)surgery ||ileo-cecal intussusception || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3355}}||empty LLQ (retracted iliac fossa)
|-
| D || [[Darier's sign]] || ? ||allergy,dermatology ||urticaria pigmentosa || ||[[dermatographia]]
|-
| D || [[Dawson's fingers]] || james walker dawson ||neurology ||multiple sclerosis || [http://www.ms-info.net/evo/msmanu/984.3F74149980602] [http://spinwarp.ucsd.edu/NeuroWeb/Text/br-845.htm]||characteristic fingerlike appearance of lateral ventricle on mri, ct, or at autopsy
|-
| D || [[De Musset's sign]] || ? || cardiology || [[aortic insufficiency]] || ||head nodding in time with heartbeat
|-
| D || [[Dennie's lines]] also Dennie's fold || ? ||dermatology ||atopic dermatitis || ([http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Dennie's+line])||accentuated fold in the inferior palpebrum
|-
| D || [[Destot's sign]] || ? ||orthopaedic surgery ||pelvic fracture || [http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/inspection_of_patients_w_pelvic_frx]||ecchymosis superior to inguinal ligament, in scrotum or of thigh
|-
| D || [[Dix-Hallpike test]] || ? ||general medicine ||Otoconia crystals in inner ear || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3615}}||Elicitation of extreme vertigo upon lateral movement of a patient's head when lying in a supine position is indicative of a condition known as Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
|-
| D || [[Döhle bodies]] - || [[Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle]] ||pathology ||various including trauma and neoplasm || ||basophilic inclusions in peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils
|-
| D || [[Doi's sign]] || ? || || || [http://www.aipge.com/article-704-nested-0-0.html]||
|-
| D || [[Dunphy sign]] || ? ||surgery ||appendicitis || [http://www.aipge.com/article-704-nested-0-0.html]||increase in abdominal pain on coughing
|-
| D || [[Duroziez's sign]] || ? || cardiology || [[aortic insufficiency]] || ||double bruit heard over femoral artery when it is compressed distally (see Traube's sign)
|-
| E || [[Elschnig spots]] || [[Anton Elschnig]] || ophthalmology || hypertensive retinopathy || ||
|-
| E || [[Epstein's pearls]] || ? ||paediatrics ||normal newborn || ||cystic papules on palate
|-
| E || [[Ewart's sign]] || ? ||cardiology || [[pericardial effusion]] || ||percussive dullness, aegophony and bronchial breath sounds at L scapular tip
|-
| F || [[Finkelstein's test]] || Harry Finkelstein || rheumatology || [[DeQuervain's tenosynovitis]] || ||
|-
| F || [[Forschimer spots]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| F || [[Fothergill's sign]] || ? || || || ||
|-
| F || [[Fox's sign]] ||George Henry Fox ||gastroenterology ||haemorrhagic pancreatitis || (needed)||ecchymosis of inguinal ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally)
|-
| F || [[Frank's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| F || [[Friedreich's sign]] || ? ||cardiology ||constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency || ||collapse of distended neck veins at diastole
|-
| F || [[Froment's sign]] || Jules Froment || neurology || ulnar nerve palsy || ||patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm (against attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed
|-
|-G || [[Gaenslen's test]]
|-
| G || [[Gallavardin phenomenon]] || ? ||cardiology ||aortic stenosis || (needed)||dissociation of musical and noisy elements in ejection murmur
|-
| G || [[Gandy-Gamma nodules]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| G || [[Gerhardt's sign]] || Carl Jakob Adolph Christian Gerhardt || || ||[http://www.whonamedit.com/synd.cfm/112.html][http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?Biermer's+sign]||controversial: see references
|-
| G || [[Goetz sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| G || [[Gond's maneuver]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| G || [[Goodell's sign]] || ? || obstetrics || || ||
|-
| G || [[Goodsall's rule]] || ? ||gastroenterology, general surgery ||[[anal fistula]] || ||anatomical relationships, differentiation of fistula types
|-
| G || [[Gordon's maneuver]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| G || [[Gottron's papules]] || ? || rheumatology || [[dermatomyositis]] || ||roseate discolouration over knuckles
|-
| G || [[Gowers' sign]] (Gowers' maneuver) || [[William Richard Gowers]] || neurology || [[muscular dystrophy]] || ||
|-
| G || [[Graham Steell murmur]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| G || [[Grey-Turner's sign|Grey Turner's sign]] ||George Grey Turner || surgery || retroperitoneal hemorrhage || ||flank ecchymosis
|-
| G || [[Griffith's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| G || [[Grotton's lesions]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| G || [[Gunn's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| H || [[Hamman's sign]] ||[[Louis Hamman]] ||thoracic surgery || oesophageal perforation w/ pneumomediastinum || ||crepitus in sync w/ heartbeat but not respiration
|-
| H || [[Hampton's hump]] ||Aubrey Otis Hampton ||pulmonolgy, radiology ||pulmonary embolus w/ infarct || ||wedge shaped consolidation at periphery w/ base distal
|-
| H || [[Hannington-Kiff sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| H || [[Harrison's groove]] || ? || || || ||
|-
| H || [[Hatchcock's sign]] || ? ||paediatrics, infectious disease ||mumps || (needed)||tenderness behind angle of jaw (typically before swelling is evident)
|-
| H || [[Heberden's node]] || [[William Heberden]] || rheumatology || [[osteoarthritis]] || ||same as [[bouchard's nodes]], but over dip joints
|-
| H || [[Hegar's sign]] || [[Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar]] ||obstetrics ||normal pregnancy || ||softening of cervical isthmus appearin between 4th and 6th weeks (usually)
|-
| H || [[Hess test]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| H || [[Hippocratic face]] || [[Hippocrates]] || palliative care || impending death || ||
|-
| H || [[Hippocratic fingers]] || [[Hippocrates]] || pulmonary medicine || chronic hypoxia || ||clubbing of distal phalanges
|-
| H || [[Hirschberg test]] || [[Julius Hirschberg]] ||ophthalmology || [[strabismus]] || ||corneal reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil
|-
| H || [[Hoffman's sign]] ||Johann Hoffman || neurology ||corticospinal tract lesions || ||tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb
|-
| H || [[Hollenhorst plaque]] || Robert Hollenhorst || ophthalmology || hypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetes || ||cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies)
|-
| H || [[Homan sign|Homan's sign]] ||John Homans || || [[deep venous thrombosis]] || ||knee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed,popliteal pain
|-
| H || [[Hoover's sign]] ||Charles F. Hoover ||neurology, psychiatry ||lower extremety paresis || (needed)||differentiates organic from non-organic etiology
|-
| H || [[Howship-Romberg sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| H || [[Hutchinson freckle]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| H || [[Hutchinson pupil]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| H || [[Hutchinson's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| H || [[Hutchinson's teeth]] also Hutchinson's incisors || Sir Jonathan Hutchinson || pediatrics || [[congenital syphilis]] || ||small,widely spaced incisors,w/ notched biting surfaces
|-
| H || [[Hutchinson's triad]] ||Sir Jonathan Hutchinson|| [paediatrics || [[congenital syphilis]] || ||interstitial keratitis,nerve deafness, Hutchinson's teeth
|-
| J || [[Janeway lesion]] || [[Theodore Caldwell Janeway]] || cardiology || [[infective endocarditis]] || ||palmar or plantar erythematous or haemorrhagic papules
|-
| J || [[Jendrassik maneuver]] || [[Ernő Jendrassik]] || neurology || hyporeflexia || ||compares patellar reflex w/ and w/o distraction
|-
| J || [[Joffroy sign]] || ? || || || ||
|-
| J || [[John Thomas sign]] aka Throckmorton sign || N/A ||radiology ||various, including Reiter's syndrome || (needed)||penile shadow points at affected hip (+) or unaffected hip (-) (2)
|-
| J || [[Jolly test]] ||Friedrich Jolly ||neurology ||myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton syndrome || (needed)||sources conflict on procedure, but agree it is to differentiate these disorders
|-
| J || [[Jones criteria]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| K || [[Kanavel's sign]] || ? || orthopedics,rheumatology ||tenosynovitis of flexor digitorum tendon || http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/TOPIC97.HTM || (1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit.
|-
| K || [[Kayser-Fleischer ring]] || ? || neurology,gastroenterology || [[Wilson's disease]](hepatolenticular degeneration) || ||ring of brownish copper deposit at corneo-scleral junction
|-
| K || [[Kehr's sign]] || [[Hans Kehr]] ||trauma surgery || [[ruptured spleen]] || ||referred pain to L shoulder
|-
| K || [[Kelly's sign]] ||[[Howard Atwood Kelly]] ||surgery || || (needed)||visible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same)
|-
| K || [[Kerley lines]] || [[Peter Kerley]] || radiology || [[pulmonary edema]] || ||
|-
| K || [[Kernig's sign]] || [[Woldemar Kernig]] || neurology || [[meningism]],[[meningitis]], [[subarachnoid haemorrhage]] || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|2200}}||hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus
|-
| K || [[Koebner phenomenon|Koebner's phenomenon]] || [[Heinrich Koebner]] || dermatology || various conditions || ||
|-
| K || [[Koeppe's nodules]] || [[Leonhard Koeppe]] || ophthalmology || [[uveitis]] || ||granulomatous nodules at pupillary margin
|-
| K || [[Koplik's spots]] || [[Henry Koplik]] || pediatrics || [[measles]] || ||
|-
| K || [[Korotkoff sounds]] || [[Nikolai Korotkov]] || cardiology ||auscultatory [[sphygmomanometry]] || ||Korotkov described 5 sounds. Only the first (the onset of audible sound,and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound becomes inaudible,corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however,see:[[Auscultatory gap]])
|-
| K || [[Kussmaul breathing]] or respiration || [[Adolph Kussmaul]] || endocrinology || [[metabolic acidosis]] || ||laboured deep breathing with normal or reduced frequency
|-
| K || [[Kussmaul's sign]] || [[Adolph Kussmaul]] || [[cardiology]] ||various, including right side failure || ||increased jugular distension on inspiration
|-
| K || [[Kveim test]] || Morten Ansgar Kveim || pulmonary medicine || [[sarcoidosis]] || ||intradermal injection of lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete
|-
| L || [[Lachman maneuver]] || John Lachman || orthopedic surgery || [[anterior cruciate ligament]] injury || ||modified anterior drawer test with knee in less flexion
|-
| L || [[Obstetrics#Overall|Ladin's sign]] || ? || obstetrics ||normal pregnancy || ||softening of uterus; same as Hegar's sign
|-
| L || [[Lancisi's sign]] || ? || || || ||
|-
| L || [[Lasègue's sign]] || [[Charles Lasègue]] || neurosurgery, orthpaedic surgery ||lumbar disc lesions, sciatica || ||better known as straight leg raise test
|-
| L || [[Leopold's maneuver]] || ? || obstetrics || || {{WhoNamedIt|synd|3225}}||determination of fetal lie
|-
| L || [[Leser-Trelat sign]] || ? ||internal medicine ||malignant neoplasm || ||sudden onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic keratoses
|-
| L || [[Levine's sign]] || ? || || || ||
|-
| L || [[Lhermitte's sign]] || [[Jean Lhermitte]] || neurology || || ||
|-
| L || [[Lisch nodule]] || Karl Lisch ||ophthalmology ||type I neurofibromatosis || ||yellow brown hamartomata on iris
|-
| L || [[Lisker's sign]] || ? ||internal medicine || [[deep venous thrombosis]] || ||tenderness on percussion of antero-medial tibia
|-
| L || [[Litten's sign]] || ? || cardiology || [[infective endocarditis]] || [http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic671.htm eMedicine]||cotton-wool exudate in the retina
|-
| L || [[Louvel's sign]] || ? ||internal medicine ||deep venous thrombosis || (needed)||valsalva (cough, sneeze)increases pain along course of suspect vein;proximal pressure prevents this
|-
| L || [[Lowenberg's sign]] || ? || || [[deep vein thrombosis]] || ||
|-
| M || [[MacDonald triad]] ||John M. MacDonald || psychiatry || [[sociopathic personality disorder]] || || eneuresis, firesetting and animal torture predictive of future criminal behaviour
|-
| M || [[Macewen's sign]] ||Sir [[William Macewen]] ||neurology, neurosurgery ||hydrocephalus, brain abscess || ||resonance on percussion of fronto-temporo-parietal suture
|-
| M || [[Magnan's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Marcus Gunn pupil]] ||Robert Marcus Gunn||ophthalmology, neurology ||severe retinal disease, lesion of optic nerve anterior to chiasm || ||reduced pupillary response when light swings from affected side
|-
| M || [[Marie's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Markle sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Mayne's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[McBurney's point]] ||[[Charles McBurney]] || surgery || [[appendicitis]] || ||2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum)
|-
| M || [[pulmonary embolism|McConnell's sign]] || ? ||cardiology || pulmonary embolus || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[McDonald's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[McMurray test]] ||Thomas Porter McMurray ||orthopaedics ||meniscal tear || ||knee extended, valgus stress applied, leg rotated produces palpable or audible click
|-
| M || [[Means-Lerman scratch]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Mees' lines]] || R.A. Mees || [[toxicology]] || [[arsenic]] or heavy metal poisoning || ||transverse white lines across the nails
|-
| M || [[Mentzer index]] || ? || hematology || [[microcytic anemia]] || ||differentiates iron deficiency anaemia from beta thalassaemia
|-
| M || [[Miller-Fisher test]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Monash sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Möbius's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Muehrckle's nails]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Mulder's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| M || [[Müller's maneuver]] || ? || || || ||
|-
| M || [[Müller's sign]] ||Friedrich Müller ||cardiology ||[[aortic insufficiency]] || ||visible pulsation or bobbing of [[uvula]]
|-
| M || [[Murphy's punch sign]] ||[[John B. Murphy]] || || perinephric abscess || ||
|-
| M || [[Murphy's sign]] ||[[John B. Murphy]] || surgery || [[cholecystitis]] || ||hesitation on inspiration while gall bladder is palpated
|-
| M || [[Myerson's sign]] || ? || neurology || [[Parkinson's disease]] || ||inability to resist blinking when glabella is percussed
|-
| N || [[Naegele's rule]] || Franz Karl Naegele || gynecology || [[gestation]] || || method of estimating [[due date]]
|-
| N || [[Nardi test]] ||George Nardi || gastroenterology ||dysfunction of [[sphincter of Oddi]] || ||administration of morphine and neostigmine reproduces sharp LUQ pain; not in general use
|-
| N || [[Nikolsky's sign]] || ? || dermatology ||various,including [[pemphigus vulgaris]] || ||mild shear stress applied to skin, bulla forms
|-
| O || [[O'Brien's test]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| O || [[Unhappy triad|O'Donoghue's triad]] ||D. O'Donoghue ||orthopaedics, sports medicine || knee injury || ||coincidence of anterior cruciate injury,medial collateral injury and meniscal tear
|-
| O || [[Oliver's sign]] ||William S. Oliver ||cardiology ||aortic arch aneurysm || ||caudal movement of trachea with systole
|-
| O || [[Oppenheim's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| O || [[Ortolani's sign]] || [[Marino Ortolani]] || pediatrics & orthopedics || congenital hip dislocation || [http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho /ortolanis_test_for_congenital_hip_dislocation]||
|-
| O || [[Osborn wave]] ||J.J. Osborn ||cardiology, emergency medicine ||hypothermia ||||positive deflection at QRS-ST junction
|-
| O || [[Osler's node]] || Sir [[William Osler]],bt. ||internal medicine ||various, including SBE and SLE || ||painful red lesions on the pads of the fingers and plantar surfaces
|-
| O || [[Osler's sign]] || Sir [[William Osler]], 1st [[baronet]] Osler ||internal medicine ||atherosclerosis || ||falsely elevated bp reading due to incompressibility of calcified vessels
|-
| P || [[Palla's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| P || [[Pastia's sign]] ||Dominic Pastia ||paediatrics ||scarlet fever || (needed) (Associated with [[Scarlatiniform rash]] and [[strep pyogenes]])||lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases
|-
| P || [[Patrick's test]] || ? || || [[sacroiliitis]] || ||
|-
| P || [[Pemberton's sign]] || ? ||thoracic surgery ||retrosternal mass w/ superior vena cava syndrome || ||arms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor
|-
| P || [[Phalen's maneuver]] ||George Phalen ||physiatry, rheumatology, hand surgery ||carpal tunnel syndrome || ||30-60 seconds of full forced flexion of wrist elicits symptoms
|-
| P || [[Piskacek's sign]] || ? ||obstetrics ||normal pregnancy || (needed)||palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine junction; present at 7-8 weeks
|-
| P || [[Plummer's nail]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| P || [[Pratt's sign]] || ? ||internal medicine ||[[deep venous thrombosis]] || (needed)||pain elicited by compression of posterior calf
|-
| Q || [[Queckenstedt's maneuver]] || ? || || [[spinal stenosis]] || ||
|-
| Q || [[Quincke's sign]] || ? ||cardio;ogy ||[[aortic insufficiency]] || ||visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed
|-
| R || [[Reynolds' pentad]] ||B.M. Reynolds ||gastroenterology || [[ascending cholangitis]] || ||Charcot's triad + hypotension and altered mental state
|-
| R || [[Riesman's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| R || [[Rigler's sign]] aka double wall sign ||Leo G. Rigler ||radiology, abdominal surgery ||pneumoperitoneum || ||gas outlines both mucosal and serosal surfaces of bowel
|-
| R || [[Rinne test]] ||Heinrich Rinne ||ENT,neurology,audiometry ||hearing loss || ||comparison of air conduction to bone conduction differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness
|-
| R || [[Romana's sign]] ||Cecilio Romana ||tropical medicine || [[Chagas' disease]] || ||painless unilateral periorbital swelling
|-
| R || [[Romberg test]] ||Moritz H. Romberg ||neurology, other ||dorsal column lesions, cerebllar lesions, etoh intoxication || ||differentiates proprioceptive from cerebellar ataxia
|-
| R || [[Rosenbach's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| R || [[Roth's spots]] || ? ||ophthalmolgy, internal medicine ||various, including SBE and systemic vasculitides || (needed)||retinal haemorrhages w/ pale centres
|-
| R || [[Rovsing's sign]] ||Niels Rovsing Kimpel ||eneral surgery || [[appendicitis]] || ||palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ
|-
| R || [[Rumpel-Leede sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| R || [[Russell's sign]] || ? ||psychiatry ||bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa || ||scarring of the dorsum of one hand(contact with incisors when purging)
|-
| S || [[Salus's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| S || [[Schafer's maneuver]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| S || [[Clubbing|Schamroth's window test]] ||Leo Schamroth ||pulmonolgy,cardiology ||chronic hypoxia || ||identifies clubbing of distal phalanges
|-
| S || [[Schilling test]] || ? ||internal medicine, gastroenteroogy ||pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, other malabsorption disorders || ||B12 radioassay;rare
|-
| S || [[Schirmer's test]] || ? ||ophthalmology ||keratoconjunctivitis sicca,as in Sjogren's syndrome || ||quantifies lacrimal secretion
|-
| S || [[Schober's test|Schober test]] ||Paul Schober ||physiatry, rheumatology, orthopaedics ||various disorders of lumbar vertebrae || ||quantifies lumbar flexion
|-
| S || [[Shone's complex]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| S || [[Siegrist streaks]] ||August Siegrist ||ophthalmology ||malignant hypertension || ||hyperpigmented sreaks parallel to choroidal vessels
|-
| S || [[Sims-Huhner test]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| S || [[Simmonds' test]] || Franklin A. Simmonds || orthopaedics || Achilles' tendon rupture || || squeezing of calf fails to produce plantarflexion if A. tendon is ruptured
|-
| S || Sister Mary Joseph sign ([[Sister Mary Joseph nodule]]) || Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey) || oncology || various abdominal malignancies || ||palpable lymph node in the umbilicus
|-
| S || [[Spurling's test]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| S || [[Stellwag's sign]] || Karl Stellwag von Carion ||ophthalmology, endocrinology ||thyrotoxicosis || ||infrequent and/or incomplete blinking, accompanied by [[Dalrymple's sign]]
|-
| S || [[Benign paediatric heart murmur|Still's murmur]] || ? || paediatric cardiology ||subaortic stenosis, small [[VSD]] || ||systolic ejection sound ;vibratory/musical;best heard at left lower sternal border
|-
| S || [[Stransky's sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| S || [[Stroop effect|Stroop test]] ||John R. Stroop ||neuropsychology ||various, including ADHD and schizophrenia || ||reaction times for incongruent stimuli (e.g., word red printed in blue)
|-
| S || [[Strümpell's sign]] ||[[Adolph Strümpell]] ||neurology ||spastic pareses of the lower extremity || (needed)||failure of abrupt passive flexion of the hip and/or knee to elicit dorsiflexion and adduction of foot
|-
| T || [[Terry's nails]] || ? ||internal medicine ||various including hepatic failure || ||white 'ground glass' nails;absence of lunula
|-
| T || [[Tinel's sign]] ||Jules Tinel || neurology ||neuritis, compression disorders || ||'DTP' - distal tingling on percussion
|-
| T || [[Todd's paresis]] || [[Robert Bentley Todd]] || neurology || seizure disorders || ||focal weakness for as much as 48 hours after seizure
|-
| T || [[Traube's sign]] ||[[Ludwig Traube]] ||various ||splenomegaly || ||dull percussion sound over [[Traube's space]]
|-
| T || [[Trendelenburg's sign]] || [[Friedrich Trendelenburg]] || neurology,physiatry ||superior gluteal palsy, other causes of hip adductors weakness || ||pelvic tilt contralateral to 'stance leg'
|-
| T || [[Trendelenburg's sign]] || [[Friedrich Trendelenburg]] || neurology || || ||
|-
| T || [[Trousseau's sign of malignancy]] || [[Armand Trousseau]] ||internal medicine ||various malignancies, including pancreatic || ||spontaneous thrombosis of multiple veins, including portal circulation
|-
| T || [[Trousseau's sign of latent tetany]] || [[Armand Trousseau]] || internal medicine,endocrinology ||hypocalcaemia || || in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of brachial artery induces carpal spasm
|-
| U || [[Uhthoff's phenomenon]] ||[[Wilhelm Uhthoff]] || neurology || [[multiple sclerosis]] || ||↑ in neurological symptoms w/ exercise
|-
| U || [[Unterberger test]] ||Siegfried Unterberger || neurology, ENT ||vestibular lesions || ||patient walks in place with eyes closed;direction of rotation indicates vestibular lesion on that side
|-
| V || [[Virchow's triad]] || [[Rudolf Virchow]] || [[hematology]] || etiology of [[thrombosis]] || ||
|-
| V || [[Von Braun-Fernwalds sign]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| V || [[Von Graefe sign]] || ? ||endocrinology || [[goiter]] || ||' lid lag'; immobility of upper lid on downward gaze
|-
| W || [[Wada test]] || Juhn A. Wada || neurology ||epilepsy, anatomical lesions of cerebrum || ||short acting barbiturate injected in internal carotid;lateralizes language function
|-
| W || [[Waddell's signs]] ||G. Waddell ||primary care, psychiatry ||chronic pain || ||identify non-organic sources of low back pain
|-
| W || [[Waddell's triad]] || ? || paediatric trauma || pedestrian stuck by motor vehicle || ||Head trauma, thoracic and/or abdominal trauma, femoral trauma||
|-
| W || [[Watson's water hammer pulse]] || ? ||cadiology ||various, including aortic insufficiency || ||bounding forceful pulse elicitd with postural manoeuvres
|-
| W || [[Whipple's triad]] || [[Allen Whipple]] || endocrinology || [[hypoglycemia]] || ||1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured low serum glucose 3. relief of symptoms w/ administration of glucose p.o. or iv
|-
| W || [[Wickham's striae]] ||Louis Frédéric Wickham || dermatology || [[lichen planus]] || ||white or greyish lines on the lichen planus lesions
|-
| W || [[Widal test]] || [[Georges-Fernand Widal]] || || [[salmonella]] spp. [[brucella]] spp. || ||serum agglutination; obsolete(?)
|-
| W || [[Winterbottom's sign]] || ? ||tropical medicine || [[trypanosomiasis]] || ||posterior cervical chain adenopathy
|-
| W || [[Wolff-Parkinson-White triad]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
| W || [[Wright's maneuver]] || ? || || || (needed)||
|-
|-Y || [[Yeoman's test]]
|}
== Notes==
(1) If the palmar arch is not present,radial artery stick for blood gasses is contraindicated.
(2) It is important for the reader to see the article or the external link.
==See also==
* [[Pathognomonic]]
{{Eponymous medical signs}}
{{Eponymous medical signs for nervous system}}
{{Eponymous medical signs for circulatory and respiratory systems}}
{{Eponymous medical signs for digestive system and general abdominal signs}}
[[Category:Lists of eponymous|Medical signs]]
[[pl:Lista eponimicznych nazw objawów chorobowych]]