List of introduced species
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225587567
2008-07-14T13:01:50Z
60.242.105.47
A complete '''List of introduced species''' for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long. Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can hope to record. The following list of [[introduced species]], in other words, is hopelessly incomplete.
==[[Australia]]==
{{seealso|Invasive species in Australia}}
Australia has a huge range of introduced species, so sub-classifications are necessary:
* ''[[Invasive species|Invasive]]'' - species has a tendency to spread their range into new areas
* ''[[Feral]]s'' - defined as animals for domestic purposes (ie. [[pet]]s or [[Beast of Burden|Beasts of Burden]]) which have gone wild.
* ''[[Pest (organism)|Pests]]'' - animals which have a direct effect on human standard of living or the environment/ecosystems in areas where they are present, have a high rate of reproduction and are difficult to control
;Vertebrates
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="2" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
!| Image || Name || Species || First Introduced || Reason First Introduced || Introduced from || Current Extent/Distribution || Invasive || Feral || Pest
|-
| [[Image:Blackbird 2.jpg|50px|]] || Blackbird || [[Turdus merula]] || 1860s || ? || northern [[Europe]] || [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]] (extensive), [[South Australia]], [[New South Wales]], [[Tasmania]], [[South East Queensland]] || Yes || No || Yes
|-
| [[Image:Bufo marinus from Australia.JPG|50px]] || Cane toad || [[Bufo marinus]] || 1935 || Biological Control ([[Cane beetle]]) || Hawaii || [[Queensland]] (extensive), northern [[New South Wales]], [[Top End]], [[Kimberley (Western Australia)|Kimberley]] || Yes || No || Yes
|-
| [[Image:Kaninchen.jpg|50px]] || European Rabbit || [[Oryctolagus cuniculus]] || 1859 || || Europe || || || ||
|-
| [[Image:Vulpes vulpes sitting.jpg|50px]] || Red Fox || [[Vulpes vulpes]] || 1855 || Hunting || Europe || || || ||
|-
| [[Image:Camelus dromedarius in Singapore Zoo.JPG|50px]] || Dromedary Camel<br>(see [[Australian feral camel]]) || [[Camelus dromedarius]] || 1840 || Beast of Burden || India || Central Australia (extensive) || Yes || Yes || Low
|}
* [[European hare|Brown hare]]
* [[Common starling]]
* [[Mallard]]
* [[Feral Pigeon]]
* [[Nutmeg mannikin]]
* [[Brown trout]]
* [[Gambusia affinis|Mosquitofish]]
* [[Western honeybee]]
* [[Allamanda]] - ''Allamanda cathartica'' from South America
* [[Dromedary]]
* [[Red imported fire ant]] from South America via North America
* [[Patterson's Curse]]
* [[Deer]] from [[Europe]]
* [[Domestic Asian Water buffalo]]
* [[House Cat]]
* [[Horse]]
* [[Dog]]
* [[Dingo]] can also be considered native
* [[Black rat]]
* [[Brown rat]]
* [[Polynesian rat]]
* [[European Goldfinch]]
;other introduced species
==[[Great Britain]]==
===Mammals===
* [[Brown Rat]]
* [[Black Rat]]
* [[House Mouse]]
* [[Grey squirrel]] from [[North America]]
* [[Edible dormouse]] from Europe
* [[Coypu]] from [[South America]] (subsequently eradicated)
* [[European Rabbit]] from continental [[Europe]]
* [[American mink]]
* [[Red-necked wallaby]] from [[Australia]]
* Feral [[goat]]
* [[Reeves's Muntjac]] deer from [[China]]
* [[Fallow deer]] from continental Europe
* [[Sika deer]] from [[Asia]]
* [[Chinese water deer]] from China
===Birds===
''See [[List of British birds: introduced or feral species]]''
* [[Ruddy Duck]] from America
* [[Mandarin Duck]] from Asia
* [[Little Owl]] from mainland Europe
* [[Rose-ringed Parakeet]] from [[Asia]]
* [[Red-legged Partridge]]
* [[Golden Pheasant]] from Asia
* [[Lady Amherst's Pheasant]]
* [[Common Pheasant]]
* [[Canada Goose]]
===Fish===
* [[Zander]]
* [[Wels catfish]]
* [[Rainbow trout]]
* [[cocopolo]]
* [[Bitterling]]
* [[packerina]]
===Amphibians===
* [[Alpine Newt]]
* [[Midwife Toad]]
* [[Yellow-bellied Toad]]
* [[Marsh Frog]]
* [[Edible Frog]]
* [[Bullfrog|American bullfrog]] (not established)
===Reptiles===
* [[European pond terrapin]]
* [[Wall lizard]]
===Crustaceans===
* [[Signal crayfish]]
* [[Chinese mitten crab]]
* [[Darwin's barnacle]]
===Insects===
====Butterflies and moths====
* [[Large Chequered Skipper]] butterfly from continental Europe to [[Channel Islands]] (subsequently lost)
* [[Large Copper]] butterfly ''Lycaena dispar rutilus'' from Continental Europe (subsequently lost)
* [[Large Copper]] butterfly ''Lycaena dispar batavus'' from [[The Netherlands]] (subsequently lost)
* [[Large Blue]] butterfly from [[Sweden]]
* [[Geranium Bronze]] butterfly from [[South Africa]] via Southern Europe on [[geranium]] (not established)
* [[Map (butterfly)|Map]] butterfly (subsequently eradicated)
* ''[[Psychoides filicivora]]'' moth from the [[Far East]]
* [[Caloptilia azaleella|Azalea Leaf Miner]] moth from East [[Asia]]
* ''[[Argyresthia cupressella]]'' moth from [[United States]]
* [[Brown House Moth]] from Asia
* ''[[Tachystola acroxantha]]'' moth from [[Australia]]
* ''[[Coleotechnites piceaella]]'' moth from United States
* [[Athrips rancidella|Cotoneaster Webworm]] moth from United States
* ''[[Blastobasis lignea]]'' moth
* ''[[Blastobasis lacticlella]]'' moth
* ''[[Adoxophyles oporana]]'' moth
* [[Carnation Tortrix]]
* [[Light Brown Apple Moth]] ''Epiphyas postvittana'' from Australia
* [[Codling Moth]]
====Ants====
* [[Pharaoh ant]] from [[United States]]
* [[List of non-endemic ant species introduced to Great Britain]]
===Plants===
* [[Japanese knotweed]]
* [[Senecio squalidus|Oxford ragwort]]
* [[Hottentot fig]]
* [[Fox and cubs]]
* [[Jewelweed]]
* [[Giant Hogweed]]
* [[Epilobium ciliatum|American Willow herb]]
* [[Oenothera|Evening primrose]]
* [[Azolla filiculoides|Water fern]]
* [[Autumnal crocus]]
* [[Crassula helmsii|Pigmy weed]]
* [[Least duckweed]]
* [[Canadian Pond Weed]]
* [[Oxalis pes-caprae|Bermuda buttercup]]
* [[Conyza sumatrensis|Guernsey fleabane]]
* [[Rhododendron ponticum|Rhododendron]]
* [[Hydrocotyle ranunculoides|floating pennywort]]
* [[Purple dewplant]]
* [[Himalayan Balsam]]
* [[Veronica persica|Common Field speedwell]]
* [[Sarracenia purpurea|Purple pitcher]]
==[[Hawaiian Islands]]==
''See also [[Canoe Plants]]''
===Birds===
* see [[List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands]]
==[[New Zealand]]==
''See also: [[Invasive species in New Zealand]]''
===Mammals===
* [[Common Brushtail Possum]] from [[Australia]]
* [[Cat]] from Europe
* Deer:
** [[Elk]] (Wapiti) from USA
** [[Red Deer]] from Europe
** [[Sika deer]] from [[Asia]]
* [[Dog]] from Pacific islands and Europe
* Donkeys: the [[Ponui donkey]] from Europe
* [[Cattle]] from Europe
* [[Ferret]] from Europe
* [[Goat]] from Europe
* [[Hare]] from Europe
* [[Horse]] from Europe
* [[Hedgehog]] from Europe
* [[Himalayan tahr]] from Himalaya
* Human from Europe and Polynesia
* [[Moose]] from Canada
* [[Pig]]
* [[Rabbit]] from Europe
* Rats:
** [[Brown rat]] and [[Black rat]] from Europe
** [[Pacific rat]] (kiore) from Pacific islands
* [[Sheep]] from Europe
* [[Stoat]] from Europe
* [[Wallaby|Wallabies]]: [[Brush-tailed Rock Wallaby]] and others from Australia
* [[Weasel]] from Europe
===Birds===
* [[Blackbird]] from Europe
* [[Dunnock]] (Hedge sparrow or hedge accentor) from Europe
* [[Australian magpie|Magpie]] from Australia
* [[Mallard]]
* [[Myna|Common myna]] from India
* [[Starling]] from Europe
* [[Common pheasant]] from Asia
* [[Quail]]
===Fish===
* [[Brown trout]]
* [[Salmon]]
* [[Catfish]]
* [[Grass carp]]
===Insects===
* [[Monarch butterfly]] from USA
* Common [[housefly]] from Europe
* Honey [[bee]] from Europe
===Plants===
Up to 26,000 plants have been introduced into New Zealand. This list is a few of the more common and more [[invasive species]].
* [[Gorse]] from [[Scotland]]
* (Common) Broom (''[[Cytisus scoparius]]'')
* [[Blackberry]]
* [[Lupin]]
* [[Senecio|Ragwort]]
* [[Scotch thistle]]
* Californian thistle (''[[Cirsium arvense]]'')
* [[Mistflower]]
* Kahili ginger (''[[Zingiber officinale]]'')
* [[Japanese honeysuckle]]
* [[Old man's beard]]
==[[North America]]==
===Mammals===
* Donkey from Africa
* Cattle from Europe
* Sheep from Asia
* Cat from Africa/Europe
* Norway Rat from Europe
* Swine from Europe
* Goat from Africa
* [[Horse]] from Europe
* Nutria or [[coypu]] from [[South America]]
* [[Nilgai]] from [[India]]
* [[Sika deer]] from Asia
* [[Barbary Sheep]] from Africa
===Birds===
*[[Chukar]] from Europe
*[[Eurasian Collared Dove|Eurasian Collared-Dove]] from Europe
*[[Tree Sparrow|Eurasian Tree Sparrow]] from Europe
*[[European Starling]] from Europe
*[[Grey Partridge|Gray Partridge]] from Europe
*[[Himalayan Snowcock]] from Asia
*[[House Sparrow]] from Europe
*[[Monk Parakeet]] from South America
*[[Muscovy Duck]]
*[[Mute Swan]] from Europe
*[[Ring-necked Pheasant]] from Asia and Europe
*[[Rock Dove]] from Europe
===Reptiles & Amphibians===
*[[Brown Anole]]
*[[Wall lizard]] from [[Italy]] in the 1950s
*[[Madagascan Giant Day Gecko]]
*[[Spectacled Caiman]]
*[[Green and Black Poison Dart Frog]]
*[[African Clawed Frog]]
*[[African Redhead Agama]]
*[[Giant Ameiva]]
*[[Hispaniolan Green Anole]]
*[[Puerto Rican Crested Anole]]
*[[Largehead Anole]]
*[[Bark Anole]]
*[[Knight Anole]]
*[[Barbados Anole]]
*[[Marie Gallant Sail-tailed Anole]]
*[[Cuban Green Anole]]
*[[Jamaican Giant Anole]]
*[[Brown Basilisk]]
*[[Green Basilisk]]
*[[Indochinese Tree Agama]]
*[[Oriental Garden Lizard]]
*[[Veiled Chameleon]]
*[[Rainbow Lizard]]
*[[Giant Whiptail]]
*[[Asian Flattail House Gecko]]
*[[Mexican Spinytail Iguana]]
*[[Black Spinytail Iguana]]
*[[Tokay Gecko]]
*[[Yellowhead Gecko]]
*[[Tropical House Gecko]]
*[[House Gecko]]
*[[Mediterranean Gecko]]
*[[Indo-Pacific Gecko]]
*[[Green Iguana]]
*[[Northern Curlytail Lizard]]
*[[Green-legged Curlytail Lizard]]
*[[Red-sided Curlytail Lizard]]
*[[Butterfly Lizard]]
*[[Many-lined Grass Skink]]
*[[Bibron's gecko]]
*[[Ocellated Gecko]]
*[[Ashy Gecko]]
*[[White-spotted Wall Gecko]]
*[[Moorish Wall Gecko]]
*[[Nile Monitor]]
*[[Javan Filesnake]]
*[[Boa Constrictor]]
*[[Burmese Python]]
*[[Brahminy Blind Snake]]
*[[Brown tree snake]]
===Fish===
* [[Round goby]] from [[Eurasia]]
* [[Eurasian ruffe]] from Eurasia
* [[Carp|Common carp]] from Europe
* [[Cherry Barb|Cherry barb]] from [[Sri Lanka]]
* [[Bighead carp]] from China
* [[Silver carp]] from Asia
* [[lamprey|Sea lamprey]], introduced into the [[Great Lakes]] through the [[Welland canal]] c.[[1921]]
* [[Snakehead (fish)|Snakehead]] from [[China]]
* [[Tubenose goby]] from Europe
===Crustaceans===
* [[Carcinus maenas|European green crab]] from [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] coasts of [[Europe]] and [[Northern Africa]]
* [[Chinese mitten crab]] from the coastal rivers and estuaries of the [[Yellow Sea]]
* [[Japanese shore crab]] from [[Japan]]
* [[Spiny waterflea]] from northern [[Europe]] and western [[Russia]]
* [[Fishhook waterflea]] from the Ponto-[[Caspian Sea|Caspian]] region
* [[Mud shrimp]] from Europe
===Mollusks===
* [[Common periwinkle]] from Europe
* [[Chinese mystery snail]] from Asia
* [[Zebra mussel]] from the Caspian and [[Black Sea]]s
* [[Veined rapa whelk]] from the [[Sea of Japan]]
===Insects===
* [[Asian gypsy moth]] from [[Siberia]]
* [[Asian long-horned beetle]]
* [[Asian Tiger Mosquito]]
* [[Balsam woolly adelgid]]
* [[Beech scale]]
* [[Birch leafminer]]
* [[Brown spruce longhorn beetle]] from Europe
* Cabbage White (=[[Small White]]) butterfly from Europe
* [[Emerald Ash Borer]] from Asia
* [[European elm bark beetle]]
* [[European pine sawfly]]
* [[European pine shoot moth]]
* [[European spruce sawfly]]
* [[Formosan subterranean termite]]
* [[Gypsy moth]] from Europe
* [[Hemlock woolly adelgid]] from Japan
* [[Larch casebearer]]
* [[Larch sawfly]]
* [[Pear thrip]] from Europe
* [[Phroid Fly]] from South America
* [[Red imported fire ant]] from South America
* [[Varroa mite]] from Asia
* [[Western honeybee]] from Europe
* [[Winter moth]]
===Plants===
* [[Acer platanoides]]--Norway Maple from Europe
* ''Taraxacum officinale'' -- [[Dandelion]] from Europe
* [[Eurasian watermilfoil]] from Europe, Asia and northern [[Africa]]
* [[Ice plant]] from [[South Africa]]
* [[Eucalypt]]s from Australia
* ''Hesperis matronalis'' -- [[Dame's rocket]] from Eurasia
* ''Vicia cracca'' -- [[Cow vetch]] from Eurasia
* ''Vicia villosa'' -- [[Hairy vetch]] from Eurasia
* ''Lonicera japonica'' -- [[Japanese honeysuckle]]
* ''Lonicera maackii'' -- [[Amur honeysuckle]]
* ''Rosa multiflora'' -- [[Multiflora rose]]
* ''Lythrum salicaria'' -- [[Purple loosestrife]]
* ''Pueraria montana'' -- [[Kudzu]] (''aka Pueraria lobata'')
* ''Celastrus orbiculatus'' -- [[Oriental bittersweet]]
* ''Elaeagnus umbellata'' -- [[Autumn olive]]
* ''Alliaria petiolata'' -- [[Garlic mustard]]
* ''Hydrilla verticillata'' -- [[Hydrilla]] from [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]]
* ''Trapa natans'' -- [[Water caltrop]] from Eurasia
* ''Eichhornia crassipes'' -- [[Water hyacinth]] from South America
* ''Pistia stratiotes'' -- [[Water lettuce]] from South America
* ''[[Ipomoea aquatica]]'' -- Water spinach from India and southeast Asia
* ''Arundo donax'' -- [[Giant reed]] from the Mediterranean
* ''Conium maculatum'' -- [[Poison hemlock]] from Europe
* ''Salvinia molesta'' -- [[Giant salvinia]] from [[Brazil]]
* ''Hedera helix'' -- [[English ivy]] from Europe
* ''Fucus serratus'' -- [[Rockweed]] from Europe
* ''Codium fragile'' subsp. ''tomentosoides'' -- [[Green sea fingers]]
* ''Centaurea diffusa'' -- [[Diffuse knapweed]]
* ''Cytisus scoparius'' -- [[Scotch broom]] from Europe
==South America==
===Mammals===
* [[Canadian Beaver|Beaver]] from North America to [[Tierra del Fuego]]
===Fish===
* [[Cherry Barb|Cherry barb]] from Sri Lanka
==Continental Europe==
===Mammals===
* [[Barbary Macaque]] - [[Gibraltar]] (from [[North Africa]])
* [[Raccoon Dog]] - throughout Central and Eastern Europe into E [[Scandinavia]]
* [[Raccoon]] - spreading from [[Germany]] and W [[Russia]] (adjacent to Baltic states, north of [[Black Sea]] and west of [[Caspian Sea]] to [[Azerbaijan]]) (from [[North America]])
* [[American Mink]] - [[Spain]], N [[France]], [[Belgium]], The [[Netherlands]], Scandinavia, [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Belarus]] and NW Russia (from North America)
* [[Egyptian Mongoose]] - [[Portugal]], southern Spain, island of [[Mljet]] (from North Africa)
* [[Indian Grey Mongoose]] - [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Serbia]], [[Montenegro]], Adriatic islands
* [[Sika Deer]] - France, Germany, [[Denmark]], [[Poland]], [[Austria]] (from [[Asia]])
* [[Fallow Deer]] - throughout (from Mediterranean)
* [[Chital|Axis Deer]] - [[Italy]], [[Slovenia]], Poland, [[Ukraine]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], Russia east of Black Sea (from [[South Asia]])
* [[White-tailed Deer]] - S [[Finland]] (from North America)
* [[European Bison]] - Poland (from captivity after extinction)
* [[Musk Ox]] - [[Norway]], [[Sweden]] (from [[Greenland]])
* [[Grey Squirrel]] - Italy (from North America)
* [[Siberian Chipmunk]] - France, Germany, Austria, The Netherlands, Finland (from North America)
* [[American Beaver|Canadian Beaver]] - Finland, Russia, Poland (from North America)
* [[Muskrat]] - E Scandinavia, W France, north to Denmark, east to Ukraine, south to N [[Greece]]
* [[Common Rat]] - throughout (from Asia)
* [[Ship Rat]] - throughout, except Scandinavia (from [[South-East Asia]] or [[China]], via [[India]] and [[Middle East]])
* [[House Mouse]] - throughout (from N [[Iran]] border)
* [[Crested Porcupine]] - Italy (from North Africa)
* [[Coypu]] - pockets in France, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Italy, [[Bulgaria]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (from [[South America]])
* [[Eastern Cottontail|Cottontail Rabbit]] - Spain, France, Italy (from North America)
===Birds===
* [[Sacred Ibis]] - France (from Africa)
* [[Black Swan]] - Poland, The Netherlands (from [[Australia]])
* [[Canada Goose]] - N Europe (France to Scandinavia) (from North America)
* [[Swan Goose]]
* [[Bar-headed Goose]] - UK, the Netherlands
* [[Egyptian Goose]] - UK, the Netherlands (from Africa)
* [[Ruddy Duck]] - spreading from [[UK]] (from North America)
* [[Common Pheasant]] - throughout (from Asia)
* [[California Quail]] - Denmark, Germany, Italy (from North America)
* [[Northern Bobwhite]] - C France (from North America)
* [[Daurian Partridge]] - Italy, Russia, Ukraine (from S Siberia & C Asia)
* [[Reeves's Pheasant]] - France, Czech Republic (from China)
* [[Wild Turkey]] - Germany (from North America)
* [[Feral Pigeon]] - ubiquitous
* [[Rose-ringed Parakeet]] - Spain, The Netherlands, Belgium, W Germany
* [[Monk Parakeet]] - Italy, [[Slovakia]] (from South America)
* [[Common Mynah]] - Russia (from India)
* [[Common Waxbill]] - Portugal (from Africa)
* [[Red Avadavat]] - Spain, Po Delta (from India)
==References==
* Macdonald, D. and P. Barrett (1993) ''Collins Field Guide: Mammals of Britain & Europe''. HarperCollins, London.
* Svensson, L., P.J. Grant, K. Mullarney and D. Zetterström (1999) ''Collins Bird Guide''. HarperCollins, London. (ISBN 0 00 219728 6)
*http://myfwc.com/nonnatives/exotics/resultsClass.asp?taxclass=R
[[Category:Ecology lists|Introduced species]]
[[Category:Ecological experiments]]
[[Category:Nature-related lists|Introduced species]]