List of marjas 1592263 225094806 2008-07-11T21:16:57Z 77.42.190.235 rvv This article provides the '''list of [[marjas|marja taqlid]]''' (supreme legal authorities) since 1900, both current and deceased, followed by [[Twelver|Ithna 'Ashari]] [[Shi'a Muslims]] around the world. The concept of Marja taqlid (lit. source of emulation) is central to [[Shia]] theology. Marja taqlids provide religious interpretations on matters of law and rituals. <ref name="Lara"/><ref name="Michael"/> Ideally, the most just and knowledgeable specialist in the field of the Islamic law should become recognized throughout the Shia world as the marja taqlid. In practice however this rarely happens and there are several marja taqlid's among whom an individual is free to choose and emulate. <ref name="Michael">Michael W. Suleiman,''Arabs in America: Building a New Future'', p.55, Temple University Press</ref><ref name="Lara">Lara Deeb, ''An Enchanted Modern: Gender and Public Piety in Shi'i Lebanon'', Princeton University Press, pp.69-70 </ref> Among those living far away from the centers of Shia learning, there are however Shias who have never heard of the concept of Marja Taqlid. <ref name="Michael"/> Those clerics who reach the apex in the hirerachy of theological rank in the centers of Shia learning become Marja taqlids.<ref name="Lara"/><ref>Linda S. Walbridge, ''The Most Learned of the Shiʻa: The Institution of the Marjaʻ Taqlid'', Oxford University Press, p.217</ref> Since around 1940, Marja taqlids are often referred to by their followers with the honorific title of ''ayatollah al-`uzma'' (Grand Ayatollah).<ref name="Lara"/> Among the functionality of Marja taqlids is the collection and distribution of religious taxes (''zakat'' and ''khums'').<ref name="Lara"/><ref name="Michael"/> == Current == {{Unreferenced|date=May 2008}} <!-- PLEASE READ BEFORE EDITING! - WHEN YOU UPDATE, PLEASE GIVE SOME REFERENCE FOR THE INFORMATION YOU ARE EDITING ON THE TALK PAGE. --> ''Note: The list contains those Ayatollahs who have published a Resalah, regardless the number of followers they have. ''The names are ordered alphabetically, as there exists no other standard to prefer one marja over another. ''See also: [[List of Ayatollahs]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- ! S. No. || Name || Birth Year || Birth Place || Education || Residence || Website || Image |- | 1 || [[Abdolkarim Mousavi Ardebili]] || [[1926]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.ardebili.com/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Ardbelli1110.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 2 || [[Ali Khamenei|Ali Hosseini Khamenei]] || [[1939]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.leader.ir/ Official Website] || [[Image:Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei,.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 3 || [[Ali Husaini Sistani]] || [[1930]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.sistani.org/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Sistani1111.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 4 || [[Ayatollah Bashir Najafi|Bashir Hussain Najafi]] || [[1942]] || {{flagicon|India|British}} [[British India]] || {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] & {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] & {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.alnajafy.org/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Bashir1112.gif|150x150px]] --> |- | 5 || [[Hossein-Ali Montazeri|Hossein Ali Montazeri]] || [[1922]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.amontazeri.com/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Montazeri1113.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 6 || [[Hossein Mazaheri]] || [[1934]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://almazaheri.ir Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Mazaheri1114.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 7 || [[Hossein Noori Hamedani]] || [[1926]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.noorihamedani.com Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Hamdani 1115.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 8 || [[Hossein Vahid Khorasani]] || [[1924]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.vahid-khorasani.ir/ Official Website] || [[Image:Vahid Khorasani.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 9 || [[Javad Gharavi Aliari]] || [[1935]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.gharavi-aliari.com/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Aliari1117.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 10 || [[Kazem Haeri]] || [[1938]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.alhaeri.org Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Kazem hairi 1124.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 11 || [[Qorban Ali Kaboli]] || [[1928]] || {{flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]] || [http://www.mohaqeqkaboli.org Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Mohaqeq1123.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 12 || [[Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah]] || [[1935]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanon]] || [http://www.bayynat.org Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Mote003 b23.jpg|180x180px]] --> |- | 13 || [[Muhammad Hussain Najafi]] || [[1932]] || {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] || {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] & {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Pakistan]] || [http://www.sibtain.org/ Official website] || [[Image:MHNajafi6.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 14 || [[Mohammad Ishaq Al-Fayyad]] || [[1930]] || {{flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistan]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.alfayadh.net/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Ishaq21222.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 15 || [[Mohammad Said Al-Hakim]] || [[1936]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.alhakeem.com/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Said hakim142.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 16 || [[Mohammad Shahroudi]] || [[1925]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.shahroudi.com/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Shahroudi1442.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 17 || [[Mohammad Taghi Bahjat Foumani]] || [[1917]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.mtb.ir/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Banner133.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 18 || [[Mohammad Taqi Modaressi]] || [[1945]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.almodarresi.com/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Mudassiri233.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 19 || [[Moslem Malakouti]] || [[1923]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.malakouti.ir/ Official Website] || [[Image:Malakouti01.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 20 || [[Mousa Shubairi Zanjani]]<ref name="shi">[http://www.al-shia.com/html/ara/ola/?mod=hayat مواقـع رجال الديــــن] ''The Biography of Current Marjas - in Arabic''</ref> || [[1927]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.al-shia.com/html/ara/ola/?mod=hayat&id=15 Biography]|| <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Zanjani221.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 21 || [[Naser Makarem Shirazi]] || [[1927]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] ||{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.makaremshirazi.org Official Website] || [[Image:Makarim.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 22 || [[Sadeq Rohani]] || [[1926]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.rohani.ir/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Rohani1433.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 23 || [[Safi Golpaygani]] || [[1935]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.saafi.net/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Ayotullah safi14 32gulpaygani.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 24|| [[Yousef Sanei]] || [[1927]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.saanei.org/ Official Website] - || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Sanei1114.jpg|150x150px]] --> | |} == Deceased == <!-- List by date of death, in decending order --> ''Note: The names are ordered by date of death (descending) as an arbitrary standard. {{incomplete list}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |- ! S. No. || Name || Birth Year || Year of Death || Birth Place || Education || Residence || Website || Image |- | 1 || [[Fazel Lankarani|Mohammad Fazel Lankarani]] || [[1931]] || [[2007]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.lankarani.org/ Official Website] || [[Image:Lankarani.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 2 || [[Mirza Javad Tabrizi]] || [[1926]] || [[2006]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.tabrizi.org/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Stabrizi.jpeg|150x150px]] --> |- | 3 || [[Muhammad Shirazi|Mohammad Hussaini Shirazi]] || [[1928]] || [[2001]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.alshirazi.com/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Muhammad shirazi.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 4 || [[Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr]] || [[1934]] || [[1999]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.alsader.com/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Lsadeq sadr2.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 5 || [[Muhammad Ali Araki]] || [[1895]] || [[1994]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.hawzah.net/Per/K/Araki/ Biography] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Muhammed araki12.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 6 || [[Mohammad Reza Golpaygani]] || [[1898]] || [[1993]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.salehin.com/fa/salehin/golpaigani/zendegi/index.htm Biography] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Raza 14gulpaygani.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 7 || [[Abul-Qassim Khoei]] || [[1899]] || [[1992]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || [http://www.al-khoei.org/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Khoie11.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 8 || [[Khomeini|Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini]] || [[1902]] || [[1989]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.imam-khomeini.org/ Official Website] || [[Image:Khomeini Famous Portrait.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 9 || [[Ali Naqi (Ayatullah)|Ali Naqi Naqvi (Naqqan)]] || [[1905]] || [[1988]] || {{flagicon|India|British}} [[British India]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|India}} [[India]] || - || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:AliNaqi.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 10 || [[Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari]] || [[1904]] || [[1985]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || - || [[Image:Kazem Shariatmadari.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 11 || [[Grand Ayatollah Abdullah Shirazi|Abdullah Shirazi]] || [[1892]] || [[1984]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || - || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Abdullahshirazi111.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 12 || [[Allameh Tabatabai|Mohammed Hussain Tabatabai]] || [[1892]] || [[1981]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.almizan.org/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Muhammed 22tabatabai.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 13 || [[Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] || [[1935]] || [[1980]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || - || [[Image:Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 14 || [[Musa al-Sadr]] || [[1928]] || [[1978]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanon]] || [http://www.imamsadr.net/ Official Website] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Musa sadr.gif|150x150px]] --> |- | 15 || [[Muhsin al-Hakim|Muhsin Al-Hakim]] || [[1889]] || [[1970]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || - || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Muhsin hakim 1411.jpg|150x150px]] --> |- | 16 || [[Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi]] || [[1875]] || [[1961]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{flagicon|Iraq}} [[Iraq]] || {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || - || [[Image:BorujerdiHossein.jpg|150x150px]] |- | 17 || [[Abul Asphaani]] || [[1863]] || [[1944]] || {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || {{Flagicon|Iran}} [[Iran]] || [http://www.al-shia.com/html/ara/ola/index.php?mod=rezvan&id=111/ Biography] || <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Abul asphaani141.jpg|150x150px]] --> | |} ==See also== *[[Marja]] *[[Ijtihad]] *[[Ayatollah]] *[[List of Ayatollahs]] ==References== {{reflist|1}} [[Category:Lists of Muslims|Marja]] [[Category:Shi'a Islam]] [[Category:Twelvers]] [[Category:Ayatollahs]] [[ar:قائمة مراجع دين مسلمين شيعة]] [[de:Großajatollah]] [[fa:مراجع تقلید شیعه]] [[it:Lista degli Ayatollah]] [[pt:Marja]] [[ru:Великий аятолла]]