List of rump states 934754 225462956 2008-07-13T20:44:22Z Yopie 493489 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/66.143.34.235|66.143.34.235]] identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by [[User:Hires an editor|Hires an editor]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) {{Original research|date=September 2007}} A '''rump state''' is the remnant of a once-larger [[government]], left with limited powers or authority after a [[disaster]], [[invasion]] or [[military occupation]]. For example, the [[Seleucid Empire]], which once controlled most of the Middle-East, was reduced drastically in size by the rise of the [[Parthian Empire]] in its eastern provinces due to a regional rebellion. What was left of the once large empire was a rump state composed of little more than [[Antioch]], [[Damascus]], and an area roughly equal in size to modern [[Syria]]. Some other states labeled as rump states, or that today would be considered rump states, at one point or another are listed below. === Ancient === *[[Kush]] from circa 2500 BC until 780 BC. *[[Sumer]] during the late 3rd millennium BC until its liquidation by [[Elam]] and [[Babylon]]. *[[Ancient Egypt]] during the [[Hyksos]] period (circa 1674-1548 BC.) [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history12-17.htm#hyksos] *[[Mitanni]] during the Egyptian invasions and loss of land in [[Syria]] of the mid-15th century BC, and from the [[Hittites|Hittite]] invasions of the mid-14th century BC to its liquidation by [[Assyria]] circa 1250 BC. *[[Ancient Egypt]] from the late 13th century BC, due to invasions of Libyans and [[Sea Peoples]] and the loss of its Asiatic lands. *The [[Hittite Empire]] from circa 1275 BC to its liquidation circa 1180 BC. *[[Philistines|Philistia]] from its expulsion from [[Israel]] circa 1105 BC to its conquest by [[Assyria]] in 732 BC. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Early-Historical-Israel-Dan-Beersheba-Judea.png] See also [[Samson]]. *[[Ancient Egypt]] after the loss of the [[Nile Delta]] to the [[Meshwesh]] and the secession of [[Kush]] in the early 11th century BC. [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/libyans.htm] *[[Aramaeans|Aram]] during the reign of [[Solomon]] of [[Israel]]. *[[Edom]] during most of the 10th century BC. *The [[Kingdom of Judah]] as successor to the [[United Monarchy]] after the [[Kingdom of Israel]] seceded circa 930 BC [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Kings%2012:1-25;&version=31;][http://www.maproom.org/maps/historical/droysens/1886/droysens.pl?m=0004], particularly during Egyptian and [[Kush]]ite aggression from then until circa 901 BC [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Chronicles%2012-14&version=31]. *[[Phoenicia]] during the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires. *The [[Zhou Dynasty]] of [[China]] from early 8th century BC to its end in the 3rd century BC. [http://map.huhai.net/14-15.jpg] *[[Urartu]] from the late 8th century BC to its Iranian conquest in 612 BC. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Map_of_Assyria.png] *The [[Kingdom of Judah]] from the conquest of the [[Kingdom of Israel]] by the Assyrians in 722 BC to its conquest by [[Babylonia]] in 586 BC. *[[Ancient Egypt]] from the late 8th century BC until its Babylonian conquest. [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/assyrian_conquest.htm] See also [[Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt]] (the period of [[Kush]]ite rule.) *[[Athens]] from 490 to 479 BC during the [[Greco-Persian Wars]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Perserkriege.jpg] and after the [[Peloponnesian War]] [http://www.files.maproom.org/00/19/present.php?m=0021] until its [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonian]] conquest (from 404 to 338 BC.) *[[Attalid dynasty|Attalid]] [[Pergamon]] as the successor to the [[Lysimachus|Lysimachian Empire]] from the execution of [[Lysimachus]] by [[Seleucus I Nicator]] and the loss of most of its Asian lands to the [[Seleucid Empire]] and its European lands to the [[Antigonid dynasty|Antigonid Empire]] in 281 BC until its union with the [[Roman Empire]] according to the will of [[Attalus III]] in 133 BC. See also [[Diadochi]] Wars. *The [[Seleucid Empire]] from the rise of [[Parthia]] in the late 3rd century BC [http://map.huhai.net/17.jpg] to its final conquest by the [[Roman Empire]] in 60 BC. *[[Illyria]] due to Roman aggression from 229 BC to its final conquest in 9 BC. *[[Carthage]] after the [[Second Punic War]] and due to progressive territorial losses to [[Numidia]] until its destruction by Rome in the [[Third Punic War]]. *[[Macedon]] in the 2nd century BC, after the [[Macedonian Wars|Wars with Rome]] until its final conquest. *[[Ptolemaic Egypt]] from the loss of its Asiatic lands to the [[Seleucid Empire]] in the 2nd century BC until its union with the [[Roman Empire]] in 30 BC. [http://www.maproom.org/maps/historical/droysens/1886/droysens.pl?m=0002] See also [[Syrian Wars]]. *The [[Sunga Dynasty|Sunga Empire]] as successor to the [[Maurya Empire]] after the [[Greco-Bactrian]] invasions of its western lands in 180 BC. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:SungaMap.jpg] *The [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom]] due to [[Yuezhi]] aggression from 162 BC to the conquest of [[Bactria]] proper in 120 BC [http://map.huhai.net/17.jpg], then the [[Indo-Greek Kingdom]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Indo-GreekKingdomMap11.jpg] as its successor until its [[Indo-Scythian]] conquest circa AD 10. *[[Hasmonean]] [[Judaea]] from 140 BC to its conquest by the [[Roman Empire]] in 37 BC. [http://www.biblestudy.org/maps/palmacc.html] *[[Nabataeans|Nabataea]] during most of the 1st century BC, due to Roman aggression until its conquest. *The [[Satavahana]] Empire from circa AD 35 to 78, during the [[Indo-Scythian]] invasions. See also [[Western Kshatrapas]]. *[[Parthia]] after the loss of its western lands to the [[Roman Empire]] in the early AD 2nd century. === Late Antiquity === *The [[Kushan Empire]] from circa AD 250 to its liquidation circa 450 by the [[Hephthalites]]. [http://map.huhai.net/30-31.jpg] *The [[Eastern Jin Dynasty]] of [[China]] as successor to the [[Western Jin Dynasty]] after the loss of its northern lands to the [[Altaic]] [[Wu Hu]] peoples in AD 317 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:China_Eastern_Jin.PNG] until 420, and then the [[Southern dynasties]] as its successors until the reconquest of the north by the [[Sui Dynasty]] in 589. *The [[Western Roman Empire]] and its various territories after the barbarian invasions (AD 5th century). *[[Baekje]] in [[Korea]] from the AD 5th century until its liquidation by [[Silla]] and [[China]] in 660. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea_Map.png] *The [[Gupta Empire]] from the late AD 5th century until its dissolution circa 550. *[[Visigoth]]ic [[Iberian Peninsula|Iberia]] from AD 526 until its Islamic conquest in 718. [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw0600.htm] See also [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania]]. *The [[Ostrogothic Kingdom]] from AD 535 until its conquest by the [[Eastern Roman Empire]] in 540. *The [[Eastern Roman Empire]] from the [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]], [[Eurasian Avars|Avar]], and [[Bulgar]] invasions of the [[Balkan Peninsula]] and the Persian invasions of eastern [[Asia Minor]] of the AD mid-6th century, particularly after its progressive loss of [[Italy]] to the [[Lombards]] starting in 565 [http://www.euratlas.com/big/big0600.htm] and during the height of the [[Sassanid Empire]] in the early 7th century, when it lost most of its Asiatic lands and [[Egypt]]. *[[Goguryeo]] in [[Korea]] from AD 598 until its liquidation by [[Silla]] and [[China]] in 668. See also [[Goguryeo-Sui Wars]]. *The [[Sassanid Empire]] from AD 622 until the Arab conquest of [[Persia]] in 651. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Khazar0.png] *The [[Kingdom of Aksum]] in [[Ethiopia]] after the rise in Arab power in the 7th century. *[[Tibet]] during the loss of its northern and western lands to [[Tang Dynasty]] [[China]] from circa 750 to 763. [http://map.huhai.net/38-39.jpg] *The Emirate of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] as the restored successor to the [[Umayyad]] Caliphate after the loss of its Asian and most of its African lands to the [[Abbasid]]s from 756 until 929 [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw0800.htm], and then the [[Caliph of Córdoba|Caliphate of Córdoba]] as its successor until its dissolution in 1031 [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw1000.htm]. See also [[Battle of the Zab]]. *The [[Duchy of Benevento]] as successor to the [[Lombard Kingdom]] of [[Italy]] after the loss of its northern lands to the [[Franks]] in 774 until its division into the kingdoms of [[Capua]] and [[Salerno]] in 849. [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw0800.htm] === Early Middle Ages === *The [[Kingdom of Asturias]] after the secession of the [[Kingdom of Navarre]] in the mid-9th century until its conquest by Navarre in the early 10th century. [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw0900.htm] *[[Tibet]] from the mid-9th century, after it lost the majority of its land area (to the north and west as well as [[Myanmar]]) in the aftermath of a civil war. [http://map.huhai.net/46-47.jpg] *[[Wessex]] and [[Mercia]] from 871, due to the Danish invasion and creation of the [[Danelagh|Danelaw]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:England-878ad.jpg], until [[Edward the Elder]] of Wessex took control of most of [[England]] in 918. *The [[Khazar]] Empire from the late 9th century until its liquidation by [[Kievan Rus']] and the [[Pechenegs]] in 969. [http://www.geocities.com/ayatoles/webmap4.jpg] See also [[Caspian expeditions of the Rus]]. *[[Scotland]], due to [[Viking|Norse]] raids from the late 9th century until the [[Treaty of Perth]] in 1266 [http://www.euratlas.com/time/nw0900.htm][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:SCOTLANG1100.PNG][http://www.maproom.org/maps/historical/droysens/1886/droysens.pl?m=0062], particularly during its tributary period and loss of its southern lands to the [[Angevin Empire]] under the [[Treaty of Falaise]] from 1174 to 1189. *The [[Rashtrakuta]] Empire of [[India]] from circa 895 to 914. *The [[Abbasid Caliphate]] from the 11th century until its destruction by [[Hulagu Khan]] in 1258. *Balkan [[Bulgaria]] in the 11th and 12th centuries [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1194.gif], and in the 14th century until its Ottoman conquest [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1370.gif]. *[[Volga Bulgaria]] from the 11th century until its Mongol conquest in 1241. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Premongol.png] === High Middle Ages === *[[Srivijaya]] from the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] invasion of 1025 to its conquest by the [[Majapahit Empire]] in 1365. *The [[Ghaznavid Empire]] from its loss of [[Khorasan]] to the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuq Empire]] in 1040 until its liquidation by the [[Ghurids]] in 1187. See also [[Battle of Dandanaqan]]. *[[Denmark]] after the death of King [[Harthacanute]] and the resulting dissolution of the union between itself and [[England]] in 1042, until the reign of [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar the Great]] in the mid-12th century. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/europe/neu1100large.GIF] *The [[Zirid]] and [[Hammadid]] Empires of North Africa from the [[Bedouin]] invasion circa 1049 to their liquidation by the [[Almohad]] Empire in 1152. [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw1100.htm] *The [[Ghana Empire]] from 1062 to its conquest by the [[Almoravids]] in 1076. *The [[Deccan]] empire of the [[Western Chalukyas]] due to [[Chola]] aggression from 1064 to 1115 and from 1126 to its dissolution in 1180. *The [[Fatimid]] Caliphate from 1070 until its conquest by [[Saladin]] in 1169. [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sea1100.htm] *The [[Kingdom of Navarre]] from the late 11th century to its liquidation by [[Aragon]] in 1516. [http://www.lrc.salemstate.edu/aske/maps/navarre.htm] *The [[Pagan Kingdom]] of [[Myanmar]] from the late 11th century until its [[Mongol]] conquest in 1289. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Premongol.png] *The [[Chola dynasty|Chola Empire]] of southern [[India]] from 1118 to its liquidation by the [[Pandyan Kingdom]] in 1279. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Kulothunga_territories_cl.png] *[[China]] due to the progressive loss of its northern lands to the [[Jurchen]] [[Manchus]] from 1126 until the [[Mongol]] conquest of the following century. [http://www.republicanchina.org/JurchenJin.html][http://map.huhai.net/46-47.jpg] *The [[Kingdom of León]] from the secession of [[Portugal]] in 1143 to its union with the [[Kingdom of Castile]] in 1230. [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw1200.htm] *[[France]] during the loss of the majority of its territory to the [[Angevin Empire]] from circa 1154 to 1214. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:France_1154_Eng.jpg][http://www.euratlas.com/big/big1200.htm] *[[Albania]] from the late 12th century to its Ottoman conquest in 1385. [http://www.euratlas.com/big/big1300.htm] *The [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuq Empire]] after its loss of [[Syria]] to [[Saladin]] in 1174 and the secession of [[Georgia (nation)|Georgia]] and [[Armenia]]. *The [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] after the [[Third Crusade]], from 1192 to its liquidation in 1244. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cd/Crusaderstates.jpeg] *The [[Sultanate of Rum]] as the successor to the [[Seljuq dynasty|Seljuq Empire]] after the loss of its eastern lands to the [[Khwarezmid Empire]] in 1194. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ayyubid.png] *The [[Kingdom of Castile]] from its defeat by the [[Almohad dynasty|Almohad Empire]] at the [[Battle of Alarcos]] in 1195 until its defeat of the Almohads in the [[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa]] in 1212. [http://www.euratlas.com/time/sw1200.htm] *The [[Byzantine Empire]] after the [[Fourth Crusade]] as the [[Empire of Nicaea]] (also [[Empire of Trebizond]] and [[Despotate of Epirus]]). [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Byzantium1204.png][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ShepherdByzempire1265.jpg] *The [[Angevin Empire]] as the [[dual monarchy]] of [[England]] and [[Aquitaine]] from the revolt of the [[Lusignan]]s and its loss of NW France in 1202 to its dissolution in 1214. *[[Wales]] due to English aggression from 1211 to 1218 and 1241 to its final conquest in 1535 [http://www.euratlas.com/time/nw1300.htm]. See also [[Statute of Rhuddlan]] and [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542]]. *The [[Latin Empire]] from circa 1215 due to successive losses of territory to the [[Despotate of Epirus]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Epir1205-1230.png], [[Bulgaria]] [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Epiro1230-1251.png], and the [[Empire of Nicaea]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Epir1252-1315.png] until its Nicaean conquest in 1261. See also [[Peter of Courtenay]]. *The [[Despotate of Epirus]] from 1230 due to successive losses of territory to [[Bulgaria]] [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Epiro1230-1251.png], the [[Empire of Nicaea]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Epir1252-1315.png], and the [[Serbian Empire]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Epir1315-1358.png] until its Serbian conquest in 1358. *The Kingdom of [[Georgia (nation)|Georgia]] from the Mongol invasion of 1236 until its liquidation by [[Russia]] in 1804. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mapmongolinvasionaa.jpg] *[[Poland]] [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1241.gif], [[Lithuania]], [[Hungary]] [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1241-2.gif], and the [[Sultanate of Rum]] during the [[Mongol]] aggression of the mid-13th century. *The [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid Caliphate]] due to [[Mamluk]] aggression, from its loss of [[Egypt]] in 1250 to its conquest in 1334. *The Duchy of [[Pisa]] from its loss of [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]] to [[Genoa]] in 1284 until its conquest by [[Florence]] in 1406. [http://www.maproom.org/maps/historical/droysens/1886/droysens.pl?m=0067] See also [[Battle of Meloria]]. === Late Middle Ages === *The [[Tu'i Tonga Empire]] from the secession of [[Samoa]] circa 1300 to its dissolution circa 1800. *[[Cambodia]] as the successor to the [[Khmer Empire]] from the early 14th century. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/seasia/haxcambodia.html] *The [[Nasrid]] Kingdom of [[Granada]] in the 14th and 15th centuries until the capture of [[Granada]] by the Kingdom of Spain in 1492. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Europe1328ujabb.jpg] *The [[Hoysala Empire]] from the invasions of the [[Sultanate of Delhi]] circa 1318 until its dissolution circa 1346, and then the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] as its successor until its consolidation of power in southern [[India]] in the late 14th century. *[[France]] during the [[Hundred Years' War]] against the English, [[Flemish people|Flemish]], [[Basque people|Basque]], Portuguese, and [[Burgundy|Burgundian]], from 1337 to 1453. [http://www.maproom.org/maps/historical/clarendon/lane-poole/lane-poole.pl?m=0006][http://www.maproom.org/maps/historical/droysens/1886/droysens.pl?m=0062][http://www.ucalgary.ca/HIST/tutor/imagemid/france1429large.jpg?CFID=6129067&CFTOKEN=27884392][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Europe_in_1430.PNG][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hundred_years_war_france_england_1435.jpg] *The [[Serbian Empire]] from 1356 after the death of [[Stefan Dusan]] until its conquest by the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1459. [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1370.gif][http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1387.gif] *[[Mongolia]] as the successor to the [[Yuan Dynasty|Yuan Empire]], after [[China]] regained its independence in 1368 under the [[Ming Dynasty]]. [http://map.huhai.net/56.jpg][http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/1xarming.htm] *The Khanate of the [[Golden Horde]] and its successor khanates from the late 14th century until their conquest by [[Russia]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]] in the late 16th century. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Europe_in_1470.PNG] *The [[Mali Empire]] from the mid 15th century to its liquidation by the [[Bambara]] and [[Fulbe]] in 1670. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/westafrica/mali1490.gif] *The [[Sultanate of Delhi]] from the invasions of [[Timur]] in 1398 until its liquidation by [[Mughal]] forces in 1526. [http://map.huhai.net/54-55.jpg] *The [[Ottoman Empire]] during the occupation of its eastern lands by the [[Timur]]ids from 1400 to circa 1414 [http://map.huhai.net/54-55.jpg]. See also [[Ottoman Interregnum]]. *The [[Byzantine Empire]] in the 15th century, from the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] invasions until its conquest in 1453. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Byzantine_1400.PNG] *[[Albania]] during the revolt of [[Skanderbeg]] from 1443 to 1478. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Europe_in_1470.PNG] *The [[Vijayanagara Empire]] during renewed Islamic invasions from circa 1446 to 1486. *The Kingdom of [[Burgundy]] from 1453 to the conquest of Burgundy proper by [[France]] in 1477 [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Europe_in_1470.PNG], then the [[Burgundian Netherlands]] as its successor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Map-1477_Low_Countries.png] until its incorporation in the [[Habsburg Empire]] after the death of Queen [[Mary of Burgundy]] in 1482. *The [[Duchy of Prussia]] as the successor to the [[Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights]], from the [[Second Peace of Thorn (1466)]] with [[Poland-Lithuania]] in 1525 until its 1618 union with [[Brandenburg-Prussia|Brandenburg]]. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ca/Ac.prussiamap2.gif] See also [[Thirteen Years' War]]. === Early Modern === *[[Royal Hungary]] as the successor of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] under [[Austria]]n suzerainty from 1541 until circa 1700 [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Partition_of_Hungary.png]. *The [[Jaffna Kingdom]] of [[Sri Lanka]] due to Portuguese aggression from 1505 until its conquest in 1621. *The [[Munhumutapa Empire]] of present-day [[Zimbabwe]] and [[Mozambique]] due to Portuguese aggression from 1505 until its conquest in 1629. *[[Oman]] during the occupation of [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] by the Portuguese from 1508 to 1650. *The [[Sultanate of Malacca]] from the Portuguese capture of [[Malacca Town|Malacca]] in 1511, and the [[Sultanate of Johor]] as its successor from 1528 until the complete Dutch conquest in 1641. *[[Denmark-Norway]] after [[Sweden]] broke away from the [[Kalmar Union]] in 1523. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/scandinavia/norway17c.gif] See also [[Stockholm Bloodbath]] of 1520 and [[Swedish War of Liberation]]. *The [[Inca]] state of [[Tawantinsuyu]] which survived the initial [[Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire]] in the [[Vilcabamba]] area from 1532 until the final Spanish conquest in 1572. *[[Poland-Lithuania]] [http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~rs143/ottosul.jpg], [[Russia]], and [[Austria]] [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1683.gif] at times during the height of Ottoman and [[Crimean Tatars|Crimean Tatar]] [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/russia/haxcrimeantatars.html] advances. See also [[Russo-Crimean Wars]], [[Siege of Vienna]], and [[Battle of Vienna]]. *The [[Livonian Confederation]] during the [[Livonian War]], from the Russian invasion of 1558 to its liquidation by [[Poland-Lithuania]] and [[Sweden]] in 1561 [http://www.hoeckmann.de/deutschland/baltikum2.htm], and then the Duchy of [[Courland]] as its successor under Polish suzerainty until its Russian conquest in 1795 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth_map2.jpg]. *The [[Vijayanagara Empire]] from its 1565 defeat by the [[Deccan Sultanates]] in the [[Battle of Talikota]] until its liquidation circa 1646. *The [[Netherlands]] during its struggle against Spanish rule in the [[Eighty Years' War]] (1566–1648.) [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/lowcountries/dutrev.gif] *[[Mongolia]] from the rise of the [[Qing]] Manchus in the early 17th century until its conquest in 1634. *[[Denmark-Norway]] during the occupation of [[Jutland]] by [[Austria]] and its [[Catholic League (German)|Catholic League]] allies in the [[Thirty Years War]] from 1627 to 1629, as well as by [[Sweden]] in the [[Hannibal War]] of 1644. *[[China]] due to [[Manchu]] aggression from 1630 until its conquest and resultant formation of the [[Qing Dynasty]] in 1644. *[[Poland-Lithuania]] from 1648 to 1662, during its struggle for survival in the war of [[The Deluge (Polish history)|The Deluge]] against [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Cossack]] insurgents and Russian, Swedish, Turkic, [[Transylvania]]n [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1657.gif], and German invaders. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rzeczpospolita_Potop.png][http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1656.gif] *[[Denmark-Norway]] during the occupation of the [[Trøndelag]] region from 1658 to 1660 by the [[Swedish Empire]] during the [[Northern Wars]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Denmark-Norway_in_1658%2C_Treaty_of_Roskilde.GIF]. See also [[Treaty of Roskilde]]. *[[Oman]] during the occupation of its coasts by the [[Ottoman Empire]] from 1659 to 1741 and by the [[Afsharid dynasty|Afsharid Empire]] from 1743 to 1746. *[[Poland-Lithuania]] from 1701 to 1711 and [[Russia]] in 1708 and 1709, during the Swedish occupation of large areas in the [[Great Northern War]]. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Nordic_war_bse.jpg] *The [[Mughal Empire]] in the 18th century, after the death of [[Aurangzeb]] in 1707. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/india/haxmughalempire.html] *[[Sweden]] after its defeat and loss of Baltic hegemony in the [[Great Northern War]] in 1721 [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/scandinavia/sw16601720.gif], and more so after the Russian seizure of [[Finland]] in the [[Finnish War]] of 1809. *[[Safavid]] Persia from 1722 to 1738 due to Afghan and Ottoman aggression. *The [[Sultanate of Mataram]] in [[Java]] from 1749 to its Dutch conquest in 1816. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mataram_1830-en.png] *[[Prussia]] from 1758 to 1762 during the [[Seven Years' War]]. *[[Thailand|Siam]] due to Burmese aggression from 1766 to 1802. *[[Poland-Lithuania]], progressively after the first two [[Partitions of Poland]] in 1772 and 1793 until its liquidation in 1795. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Rzeczpospolita_Rozbiory_3.png] *[[Durrani Empire|Durrani Afghanistan]] after its loss of the [[Punjab region|Punjab]] following the death of [[Ahmed Shah Abdali]] in 1773. *The [[Maratha Empire]] due to British aggression from 1775 to its conquest in 1818. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/asia/asia1789large.GIF][http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/india/haxmarathas.html] *The [[Iroquois]] Confederacy from the [[Sullivan Expedition]] of 1779 to its annexation by the [[United States]] in the 1794 [[Treaty of Canandaigua]]. *The [[Republic of Venice]] after its partition between [[France]], [[Austria]], and the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1797, and the inclusion of [[Venice]] proper into the Austrian-ruled [[Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia]] [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1829.gif] by the [[Congress of Vienna]] until 1866. See also [[Cisalpine Republic]]. === 19th Century === *[[Serbia]] from its initial autonomy from the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1804 until the creation of [[Yugoslavia]] after [[World War I]]. [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1830.gif][http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1912.gif] *[[Austria]], The [[Netherlands]], and [[Prussia]] under Napoleonic occupation. [http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/napoleon/napoleon%20pages/napoleon%20map%2035.htm] *The [[Duchy of Warsaw]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Duchy_of_Warsaw_and_Republic_of_Danzig.JPG] and [[Congress Poland]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Karte_kongresspolen.jpg], from 1807 to 1831 under French and Russian hegemony, respectively. *[[Portugal]] during its Napoleonic partition under the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau]] from November 1807 to August 1808 and with renewed French aggression from March to June 1809 and during much of 1810. *[[Denmark]] after its granting of independence to [[Norway]] in January 1814, which [[Sweden]] took control of in August 1814 [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/scandinavia/dk1815.gif]. See also [[Norway in 1814]]. *The [[Kingdom of Saxony]] after its loss of 40% of its area to [[Prussia]] in the [[Congress of Vienna]] [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1815.gif], until its 1871 incorporation into the [[German Empire]]. *[[Muscat and Oman]] from the early 1820's, due to the progressive loss of possessions in the [[Persian Gulf]], [[Zanzibar]], the Indian Ocean coast of Africa, and [[Balochistan (region)|Baluchistan]] to the British as well as Germany, Portugal, France, and Italy, until the formation of the British protectorate of 1891. *[[Myanmar]] due to British aggression from 1824 until its conquest in 1886 [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/seasia/haxburma.html]. See also [[First Anglo-Burmese War]], [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]], and [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]]. *[[Morocco]] due to French aggression from 1830 until its conquest in 1912. [http://www.destinationmorocco.com/about_history.php] *The [[Netherlands]] from 1831, after [[Belgium]] won its independence in the [[Belgian Revolution]]. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/lowcountries/nl181539.gif] *[[Colombia]] after [[Venezuela]] and [[Ecuador]] seceded from [[Greater Colombia]] in 1831, and more so after [[Panama]] seceded in 1904. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Colombia-departamentos.png] *[[Mexico]] after the progressive loss of almost half of its area to [[United States]] interests from 1836 to 1848 [http://www.sonofthesouth.net/mexican-war/mexican-war-map.htm][http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/mexican_war.htm] and during the French invasion of the [[Pastry War]] in 1838 and early 1839. See also [[Texas Revolution]], [[Mexican-American War]], and the [[Gadsden Purchase]] of 1854. *The [[Khanate of Khiva]] from the mid-19th century until its Russian conquest in 1873. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/asia/asia1871large.GIF] *The [[Papal States]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Papal_States_Map_1870.png] from 1860, and particularly [[Vatican City]] as their successor after the [[Unification of Italy]] in 1871. *[[Denmark]] after its loss of [[Schleswig-Holstein]] to the Prussian (later German) Empire after the [[Second War of Schleswig]] in 1864. [http://home.student.uu.se/o/orma1967/Kartor/Danmark/schleswig-holstein.htm][http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Da-map.png] *[[Thailand|Siam]] from 1867, due to progressive territorial losses in [[Cambodia]] and [[Laos]] to the French. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thailand.gif] *[[Honduras]] from the [[Guatemala]]n invasion and overthrow of [[José María Medina]] in 1876 until 1891. *[[Iran]] from 1918 to 1946, due to British and Russian aggression. Map of the partition plan of the [[Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907]] used during [[World War I]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:1907_Anglo-Russian_Convention_Persia.jpg] See also [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]. *[[Paraguay]], after losing vital territory to [[Argentina]] and [[Brazil]], as well as having lost the majority of its population, in the [[War of the Triple Alliance]] in 1870 until winning the [[Chaco War]] in 1935. [http://store.pastpresent.com/mit18hanpain26.html] === World War I and aftermath === *[[Russia]] from 1917 to 1921, particularly under the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Terretory_given_away_after_Brest-Litovsk.jpg] and during the Western, Polish, Romanian, and Japanese intervention of the [[Russian Civil War]] (see also [[Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War]].) *[[Ukraine]] from 1917 to 1921. [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1918-3.gif] *The [[Democratic Republic of Armenia]] (from 1917 to 1922), since [[Turkey]] remained in control of the majority of its pre-[[World War I]] homeland. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:DRAMap.png] *The [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] from 1918 to 1920, since [[Iran]] remained in control of the majority of the Azeri historic homeland. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:AzerbaijanDemocraticRepublicMap.png] *[[German Austria]], from the dissolution of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] by the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain]] until the [[Anschluss]] (its annexation by [[Nazi Germany]]) of 1938. [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1920.gif] *The [[Ottoman Empire]] as envisioned by the [[Treaty of Sevres]] [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/asmin/haxturkey.html], and then [[Turkey]] as recognized in the [[Treaty of Lausanne]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria_on_Treaty_of_Lausanne.png] after becoming a republic. See also [[Turkish War of Independence]]. *[[Hungary]] after the [[Treaty of Trianon]] [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1920.gif], particularly during intervention by [[Romania]] and [[Czechoslovakia]] against the short-lived [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]] in the summer of 1919 [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1919-4.gif]. *[[Poland]] during the summer of 1920, while Soviet [[Russia]] occupied the majority of its area in the [[Polish-Soviet War]]. [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1920-2.gif][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PBW_August_1920.png] === World War II === *[[Czechoslovakia]] from the German annexation of the [[Sudetenland]] in October 1938 [http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/ww2%20europe/ww2%20europe%20pages/ww2%20europe%20map%2002.htm] and the loss of additional territory in southern [[Slovakia]] and [[Carpathian Ruthenia]] to [[Hungary]] in November [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1938-2.gif] to its liquidation the following March. See also [[Munich Agreement]] and [[First Vienna Award]]. *[[China]] during the Japanese occupation of most of its eastern lands (including the majority of the 1939 population.) [http://baby.indstate.edu/gga/gga_cart/ladder02.jpg] *The [[Slovak Republic (1939-1945)|Slovak Republic]], from 1939 until late 1944 ([[Hungary]] controlled one-third of [[Slovakia]]'s area.) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Slovakia1941_02.png][http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/germany/czww2.gif] *[[Vichy France]] after the French surrender in June 1940 during [[World War II]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Vichyfrance.GIF] *[[Romania]] from July 1940 to June 1941, during the loss of part of [[Transylvania]] to [[Hungary]] and of [[Bessarabia]] and [[Bukovina]] to the [[USSR]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ribbentrop-Molotov.PNG][http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1940-3.gif] See also [[Second Vienna Award]]. *[[Serbia]] after the temporary dissolution of [[Yugoslavia]] during [[World War II]]. [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1941.gif] *[[Greece]] under [[Axis powers of World War II|Axis]] occupation during [[World War II]]. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/balkans/greecewwii.gif] *[[Hungary]] from late 1944, after the seizure of territory by the [[USSR]] and [[Romania]] [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1944-4.gif], and Hitler's replacement and house arrest of Hungarian leader [[Miklós Horthy]]. === Since World War II === *The [[Republic of China]] (now [[Taiwan]]) after the [[Chinese Civil War]] in 1950. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Taiwan_Strait.png] See also [[Political status of Taiwan]]. *[[South Korea]] from June to September 1950 [http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/korean%20war/korean%20pages/korean%20war%20map%2012.htm] and January to April 1951 [http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/korean%20war/korean%20pages/korean%20war%20map%2016.htm], and [[North Korea]] from September to December 1950 [http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/korean%20war/korean%20war%20index.htm], during the [[Korean War]]. *[[Somalia]] from the secession and de facto independence of [[Somaliland]] in May 1991, with 22% of its area and 43% of its population. [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/eastafrica/haxsomalia.html] *The [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] after the secession of [[Slovenia]] and [[Croatia]] in 1991, and then [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and the [[Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia]] in 1992. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yugoslaviamap.png][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Former_Yugoslavia_2006.png] *[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] during the [[Bosnian War]] from 1992 to late 1995. [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1992.gif][http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1993.gif] *The [[Czech Republic]] and [[Slovak Republic]] as the successors of [[Czechoslovakia]]. [http://www.sibiweb.de/geschi/karten/1993.gif] See also [[Velvet Divorce]]. *The [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] (in 2003-2006 [[State Union of Serbia and Montenegro]], now [[Serbia]]) after the 1999 [[United Nations Mission in Kosovo]] took over administration over its southern autonomous province, [[Kosovo and Metohija]]. ==See also== *[[Irredentism]] *[[Napoleonic Wars]] *[[Puppet state]] [[Category:Government]] [[Category:Historiography]] [[Category:Lists of countries]] [[sv:Rumpstat]]