Littorinimorpha 2196563 218155686 2008-06-09T12:03:23Z Munci 3845205 moved link to top one, took away unnecessary square brackets {{Taxobox | name = Littorinimorpha | image = Different cowries.jpg | image_caption = Various cowries, family [[Cypraeidae]] | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Mollusca]] | classis = [[Gastropoda]] | subclassis = [[Orthogastropoda]] | superordo = [[Caenogastropoda]] | ordo = [[Sorbeoconcha]] | subordo = [[Hypsogastropoda]] | infraordo = [[Littorinimorpha]] | infraordo_authority = | subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies | subdivision = See text. }} '''''Littorinimorpha''''' is a large [[taxonomic]] grouping, an [[infraorder]] which consists primarily of sea [[snail]] families but also includes some freshwater snails and some land snails. These are [[marine (ocean)|marine]], [[aquatic animal|aquatic]], and terrestrial [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]]s in the order Sorbeoconcha and the subclass Orthogastropoda. ==Superfamilies and families== The superfamilies grouped in this infraorder include some familiar animals: *[[Calyptraeoidea]] <small>[[Lamarck]], 1809</small> **[[Calyptraeidae]] <small>[[Lamarck]], 1809</small>, the slipper shells *[[Capuloidea]] <small>Fleming, 1822</small> **[[Capulidae]] <small>Fleming, 1822</small>, the cap shells **[[Trichotropidae]] <small>Gray, 1850</small>, the hairy shells *[[Cingulopsoidea]] <small>Fretter & Patil, 1958</small> **[[Cingulopsidae]] <small>Fretter & Patil, 1958</small> **[[Eatoniellidae]] <small>Ponder, 1965</small> **[[Rastodentidae]] <small>Ponder, 1966</small> *[[Cypraeoidea]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small> **[[Cypraeidae]] <small> Rafinesque, 1815</small>, the cowries ***Subfamily Cypraeinae <small>Rafinesque, 1815</small> ****''[[Cypraea]]'' *****''[[Cypraea pantherina]]'' *****† ''[[Cypraea problematica]]'' *****''[[Cypraea tigris]]'' ***Subfamily Erosariinae <small>Schilder, 1924</small> ***Subfamily Erroneinae <small>Schilder, 1927</small> ***Subfamily Gisortiinae <small>Schilder, 1927</small> ***Subfamily Luriinae <small>Schilder, 1932</small> ***Subfamily Pustulariinae <small>Gill, 1871</small> **[[Ovulidae]] <small>Fleming, 1822</small> ***Subfamily Ovulinae <small>Fleming, 1822</small> *** † Subfamily Cypraediinae <small>Schilder, 1827</small> ***Subfamily Jenneriinae <small>Thiele, 1929</small> ***Subfamily Pediculariinae <small>Gray, 1853</small> ***Subfamily Pseudocypraeinae <small>Steadman & Cotton, 1943</small> *[[Ficoidea]] <small>Meek, 1864</small> **[[Ficidae]] <small>Meek, 1864</small>, the fig shells *[[Littorinoidea]] <small>Children, 1834</small> **[[Aciculidae]] <small>Gray, 1850</small> ***''[[Abchasohela]]'' ***''[[Acicula (genus)|Acicula]]'' the needle snails (land snails) ***''[[Caziotia]]'' ***''[[Hyalacme]]'' ***''[[Kainarella]]'' ***''[[Menkia]]'' ***''[[Platyla]]'' ***''[[Pleuracme]]'' ***''[[Renea]]'' **[[Littorinidae]], <small>Children, 1834</small> the [[periwinkle (mollusc)|periwinkle]]s ***Subfamily Littorininae <small>Children, 1834</small> ***Subfamily Lacuninae <small>Gray, 1857</small> ***Subfamily Laevilitorininae <small>Reid, 1989</small> ** † [[Bohaispiridae]] <small>Youluo, 1978</small> **[[Pickworthiidae]] <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1917</small> ***Subfamily Pickworthiinae <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1917 </small> ***Subfamily Pelycidiinae <small>Ponder & Hall, 1983</small> ***Subfamily Sherborniinae <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1917</small> **[[Pomatiasidae]] <small>Newton, 1891 (1828)</small> ***Subfamily Pomatiinae <small>Newton, 1891</small> ***Subfamily Annulariinae <small>Henderson & Bartsch, 1920</small> ** † [[Purpurinidae]] <small>Zittel, 1895</small> **[[Skeneopsidae]] <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1915</small> ** † [[Tripartellidae]] <small>Gründel, 2001</small> **[[Zerotulidae]] <small>Warén & Hain, 1996</small> *[[Naticoidea]] <small>Guilding, 1834</small> **[[Ampullinidae]] **[[Naticidae]] <small>Guilding, 1834</small>, the moon snails ***Subfamily Naticinae <small>Guilding, 1834</small> ****''[[Natica]]'' *****†''[[Natica canrena]]'' <small>[[Linné]], 1758</small> *****†''[[Natica plicatella]]'' <small>[[Conrad]]</small> ****''[[Polinices]]'' *****†[[Shark eye| ''Polinices duplicatus'']] ****''[[Tectonatica]]'' *****†''[[Tectonatica pusilla]]'' ***Subfamily Sininae <small>Woodring, 1928</small> ***Subfamily Globisininae <small>[[Arthur William Baden Powell|Powell]], 1933</small> *[[Pterotracheoidea]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1814 </small> (synonym : Heteropoda) **[[Pterotracheidae]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1814 </small> **[[Atlantidae]] <small>Rang, 1829</small> ** † [[Bellerophinidae]] <small>Destombes, 1984</small> **[[Carinariidae]] <small>[[Blainville]], 1818</small> *[[Rissooidea]] <small>Gray, 1847</small> **[[Adeorbidae]] **[[Amnicolidae]] <small>Tryon, 1863</small> ***Subfamily Amnicolinae <small>Tryon, 1863</small> ***Subfamily Baicaliinae <small>P. Fischer, 1885</small> ***Subfamily Emmericiinae <small>Brusina, 1870</small> **[[Anabathridae]] <small>Keen, 1971</small> **[[Assimineidae]] <small>H.Adams & A.Adams, 1856</small> ***Subfamily Assiminaenae <small>H.Adams & A.Adams, 1856</small> ***Subfamily Ekadantinae <small>Thiele, 1929</small> ***Subfamily Omphalotropidinae <small>Thiele, 1927</small> **[[Barleeidae]] <small>Gray, 1857</small> **[[Bithyniidae]] <small>Gray, 1857</small> **[[Caecidae]] <small>Gray, 1850</small> ***Subfamily Caecinae <small>Gray, 1850</small> ***Subfamily Ctiloceratinae <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]] & Laseron, 1957</small> ***Subfamily Strebloceratinae <small>Bandel, 1996</small> **[[Calopiidae]] <small>Ponder, 1999</small> **[[Cochliopidae]] <small>Tryon, 1866</small> ***Subfamily Cocliopinae <small>Tryon, 1866</small> ***Subfamily Littoridininae <small>Thiele, 1928</small> ***Subfamily Semisalsinae <small>Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980</small> **[[Elachisinidae]] <small>Ponder, 1985</small> **[[Emblandidae]] <small>Ponder, 1985</small> **[[Epigridae]] <small>Ponder, 1985</small> **[[Falsicingulidae]] <small>Slavoshevskaya</small> **[[Helicostoidae]] <small>Pruvot-Fol, 1937</small> **[[Hydrobiidae]] <small>Stimpson, 1865</small> ***Subfamily Hydrobiinae <small>Stimpson, 1865</small> ***Subfamily belgrandiinae <small>de Stefani, 1877</small> ***Subfamily Clenchiellinae <small>D.W.Taylor, 1966</small> ***Subfamily Islamiinae <small>Radoman, 1973</small> ***Subfamily Nymphophilinae <small>D.W.Taylor, 1966</small> ***Subfamily Pseudamnicolinae <small>Radoman, 1977</small> ***Subfamily Pyrgulinae <small>Brusina, 1882</small> ***Subfamily Tateinae <small>Thiele, 1925</small> **[[Hydrococcidae]] <small>Thiele, 1928</small> **[[Iravadiidae]] <small>Thiele, 1928</small> **[[Lithoglyphidae]] <small>Tryon, 1866</small> ** † [[Mesocochliopidae]] <small>Yu, 1987</small> **[[Moitessieriidae]] <small>Bourguignat, 1863</small> ** † [[Palaeorissoinidae]] <small>Gründel & Kowalke, 2002</small> ***Subfamily Palaeorissoininae <small>Gründel & Kowalke, 2002</small> ***Subfamily Greveniellinae <small>Gründel & Kowalke, 2002</small> **[[Pomatiopsidae]] <small>Stimpson, 1865</small> ***Subfamily Pomatiopsinae <small>Stimpson, 1865</small> *****''[[Oncomelania]]'' ***Subfamily Triculinae <small>Annandale, 1924</small> **[[Rissoidae]] <small>Gray, 1847</small> ***Subfamily Rissoinae <small>Gray, 1847</small> ***Subfamily Rissoininae <small>Stimpson, 1865</small> **[[Stenothyridae]] <small>Tryon, 1866</small> **[[Tornidae]] <small>Sacco, 1896 (1884)</small> ***Subfamily Torninae <small>Sacco, 1896 (1884)</small> ***Subfamily Circulinae <small>Fretter & Graham, 1962</small> ***Subfamily Teinostamatinae <small>Cossman, 1917</small> ***Subfamily Vitrinellinae <small>Bush, 1987</small> **[[Truncatellidae]] <small>Gray, 1840</small> ***Subfamily Truncatellinae <small>Gray, 1840</small> ***Subfamily Geomelaniinae <small>Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897</small> *[[Stromboidea]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small> **[[Aporrhaidae]] <small>Gray, 1850</small>, the pelican's foot shells ***Subfamily Aporrhainae <small>Gray, 1850</small> ***Subfamily Arrhoginae <small>Popenoe, 1983</small> ***† Subfamily Harpagodinae <small>Pchelintsev, 1963</small> ***† Subfamily Perissopterinae <small>Korotkov, 1992</small> ***† Subfamily Spinigerinae <small>Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)</small> **† [[Colombellinidae]] <small>P. Fischer, 1884</small> **† [[Pugnellidae]] <small>Kiel & Bandel, 1999</small> **[[Seraphsidae]] <small>gray, 1853</small> **[[Strombidae]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small>, the ''true [[conch]]s'' ***''[[Lambis]]'' ***''[[Strombus]]'' ****''[[Strombus gigas]]'' ****''[[Strombus pugilis]]'' ***''[[Terebellum]]'' ***''[[Tibia (genus)|Tibia]]'' ***''[[Varicospira]]'' **[[Struthiolariidae]] <small>Gabb, 1868</small> **† [[Thersiteidae]] <small>Savornin, 1915</small> **[[Tylostomatidae]] <small>Stoliczka, 1868</small> *[[Tonnoidea]] <small>[[Henry Suter|Suter]], 1913 (1825)</small> **[[Bursidae]] <small>Thiele, 1925</small>, the frog shells **[[Laubierinidae]] <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1990</small> **[[Personidae]] <small>Gray, 1854</small> **[[Pisanianuridae]] <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1990</small> **[[Ranellidae]] <small>Gray, 1854</small>, the tritons ***Subfamily Cymatiinae <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1913 (1854)</small> ***Subfamily Ranellinae <small>Gray, 1854</small> **[[Tonnidae]] <small>[[Henry Suter|Suter]], 1913 (1825)</small>, the tun shells ***Subfamily Cassinae <small>Latreille, 1825</small>, the helmet shells ***Subfamily Oocorythinae <small>P.Fischer, 1885</small> ***Subfamily Phaliinae <small>Beu, 1981</small> ***Subfamily Tonninae <small>[[Henry Suter|Suter]], 1913 (1825)</small> *[[Vanikoroidea]] <small>Gray, 1840</small> **[[Haloceratidae]] <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1991</small> **[[Hipponicidae]] <small>Troschel, 1861</small>, the hoof shells **† [[Omalaxidae]] <small>Cosmmann, 1916</small> **[[Vanikoridae]] <small>Gray, 1840</small> *[[Velutinoidea]] <small>Gray, 1840</small> **[[Pediculariidae]] **[[Triviidae]] <small>Troschel, 1863</small> ***Subfamily Eratoinae <small>Gill, 1871</small> ***Subfamily Triviinae <small>Troschel, 1863</small> **[[Velutinidae]] <small>Gray, 1840</small> ***Subfamily Velutininae <small>Gray, 1840</small> ***Subfamily Lamellariinae <small>[[d'Orbigny]], 1841</small> *[[Vermetoidea]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small> **[[Vermetidae]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small>, the worm snails ***Subfamily Vermetinae <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small> ***Subfamily Dendropomatinae <small>Bandel & Kowalke, 1997</small> *[[Xenophoroidea]] <small>Troschel, 1852 (1840)</small> **[[Guttulidae]] **† [[Lamelliphoridae]] <small>Korobkov, 1960</small> **[[Xenophoridae]] <small>Troschel, 1852 (1840)</small>, the carrier shells {{wikispecies|Littorinimorpha}} [[Category:Parasitology]] [[Category:Sorbeoconcha]] {{Sorbeoconcha-stub}} [[es:Littorinimorpha]]