Littorinimorpha
2196563
218155686
2008-06-09T12:03:23Z
Munci
3845205
moved link to top one, took away unnecessary square brackets
{{Taxobox
| name = Littorinimorpha
| image = Different cowries.jpg
| image_caption = Various cowries, family [[Cypraeidae]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| classis = [[Gastropoda]]
| subclassis = [[Orthogastropoda]]
| superordo = [[Caenogastropoda]]
| ordo = [[Sorbeoconcha]]
| subordo = [[Hypsogastropoda]]
| infraordo = [[Littorinimorpha]]
| infraordo_authority =
| subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies
| subdivision = See text.
}}
'''''Littorinimorpha''''' is a large [[taxonomic]] grouping, an [[infraorder]] which consists primarily of sea [[snail]] families but also includes some freshwater snails and some land snails. These are [[marine (ocean)|marine]], [[aquatic animal|aquatic]], and terrestrial [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]]s in the order Sorbeoconcha and the subclass Orthogastropoda.
==Superfamilies and families==
The superfamilies grouped in this infraorder include some familiar animals:
*[[Calyptraeoidea]] <small>[[Lamarck]], 1809</small>
**[[Calyptraeidae]] <small>[[Lamarck]], 1809</small>, the slipper shells
*[[Capuloidea]] <small>Fleming, 1822</small>
**[[Capulidae]] <small>Fleming, 1822</small>, the cap shells
**[[Trichotropidae]] <small>Gray, 1850</small>, the hairy shells
*[[Cingulopsoidea]] <small>Fretter & Patil, 1958</small>
**[[Cingulopsidae]] <small>Fretter & Patil, 1958</small>
**[[Eatoniellidae]] <small>Ponder, 1965</small>
**[[Rastodentidae]] <small>Ponder, 1966</small>
*[[Cypraeoidea]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small>
**[[Cypraeidae]] <small> Rafinesque, 1815</small>, the cowries
***Subfamily Cypraeinae <small>Rafinesque, 1815</small>
****''[[Cypraea]]''
*****''[[Cypraea pantherina]]''
*****† ''[[Cypraea problematica]]''
*****''[[Cypraea tigris]]''
***Subfamily Erosariinae <small>Schilder, 1924</small>
***Subfamily Erroneinae <small>Schilder, 1927</small>
***Subfamily Gisortiinae <small>Schilder, 1927</small>
***Subfamily Luriinae <small>Schilder, 1932</small>
***Subfamily Pustulariinae <small>Gill, 1871</small>
**[[Ovulidae]] <small>Fleming, 1822</small>
***Subfamily Ovulinae <small>Fleming, 1822</small>
*** † Subfamily Cypraediinae <small>Schilder, 1827</small>
***Subfamily Jenneriinae <small>Thiele, 1929</small>
***Subfamily Pediculariinae <small>Gray, 1853</small>
***Subfamily Pseudocypraeinae <small>Steadman & Cotton, 1943</small>
*[[Ficoidea]] <small>Meek, 1864</small>
**[[Ficidae]] <small>Meek, 1864</small>, the fig shells
*[[Littorinoidea]] <small>Children, 1834</small>
**[[Aciculidae]] <small>Gray, 1850</small>
***''[[Abchasohela]]''
***''[[Acicula (genus)|Acicula]]'' the needle snails (land snails)
***''[[Caziotia]]''
***''[[Hyalacme]]''
***''[[Kainarella]]''
***''[[Menkia]]''
***''[[Platyla]]''
***''[[Pleuracme]]''
***''[[Renea]]''
**[[Littorinidae]], <small>Children, 1834</small> the [[periwinkle (mollusc)|periwinkle]]s
***Subfamily Littorininae <small>Children, 1834</small>
***Subfamily Lacuninae <small>Gray, 1857</small>
***Subfamily Laevilitorininae <small>Reid, 1989</small>
** † [[Bohaispiridae]] <small>Youluo, 1978</small>
**[[Pickworthiidae]] <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1917</small>
***Subfamily Pickworthiinae <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1917 </small>
***Subfamily Pelycidiinae <small>Ponder & Hall, 1983</small>
***Subfamily Sherborniinae <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1917</small>
**[[Pomatiasidae]] <small>Newton, 1891 (1828)</small>
***Subfamily Pomatiinae <small>Newton, 1891</small>
***Subfamily Annulariinae <small>Henderson & Bartsch, 1920</small>
** † [[Purpurinidae]] <small>Zittel, 1895</small>
**[[Skeneopsidae]] <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1915</small>
** † [[Tripartellidae]] <small>Gründel, 2001</small>
**[[Zerotulidae]] <small>Warén & Hain, 1996</small>
*[[Naticoidea]] <small>Guilding, 1834</small>
**[[Ampullinidae]]
**[[Naticidae]] <small>Guilding, 1834</small>, the moon snails
***Subfamily Naticinae <small>Guilding, 1834</small>
****''[[Natica]]''
*****†''[[Natica canrena]]'' <small>[[Linné]], 1758</small>
*****†''[[Natica plicatella]]'' <small>[[Conrad]]</small>
****''[[Polinices]]''
*****†[[Shark eye| ''Polinices duplicatus'']]
****''[[Tectonatica]]''
*****†''[[Tectonatica pusilla]]''
***Subfamily Sininae <small>Woodring, 1928</small>
***Subfamily Globisininae <small>[[Arthur William Baden Powell|Powell]], 1933</small>
*[[Pterotracheoidea]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1814 </small> (synonym : Heteropoda)
**[[Pterotracheidae]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1814 </small>
**[[Atlantidae]] <small>Rang, 1829</small>
** † [[Bellerophinidae]] <small>Destombes, 1984</small>
**[[Carinariidae]] <small>[[Blainville]], 1818</small>
*[[Rissooidea]] <small>Gray, 1847</small>
**[[Adeorbidae]]
**[[Amnicolidae]] <small>Tryon, 1863</small>
***Subfamily Amnicolinae <small>Tryon, 1863</small>
***Subfamily Baicaliinae <small>P. Fischer, 1885</small>
***Subfamily Emmericiinae <small>Brusina, 1870</small>
**[[Anabathridae]] <small>Keen, 1971</small>
**[[Assimineidae]] <small>H.Adams & A.Adams, 1856</small>
***Subfamily Assiminaenae <small>H.Adams & A.Adams, 1856</small>
***Subfamily Ekadantinae <small>Thiele, 1929</small>
***Subfamily Omphalotropidinae <small>Thiele, 1927</small>
**[[Barleeidae]] <small>Gray, 1857</small>
**[[Bithyniidae]] <small>Gray, 1857</small>
**[[Caecidae]] <small>Gray, 1850</small>
***Subfamily Caecinae <small>Gray, 1850</small>
***Subfamily Ctiloceratinae <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]] & Laseron, 1957</small>
***Subfamily Strebloceratinae <small>Bandel, 1996</small>
**[[Calopiidae]] <small>Ponder, 1999</small>
**[[Cochliopidae]] <small>Tryon, 1866</small>
***Subfamily Cocliopinae <small>Tryon, 1866</small>
***Subfamily Littoridininae <small>Thiele, 1928</small>
***Subfamily Semisalsinae <small>Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980</small>
**[[Elachisinidae]] <small>Ponder, 1985</small>
**[[Emblandidae]] <small>Ponder, 1985</small>
**[[Epigridae]] <small>Ponder, 1985</small>
**[[Falsicingulidae]] <small>Slavoshevskaya</small>
**[[Helicostoidae]] <small>Pruvot-Fol, 1937</small>
**[[Hydrobiidae]] <small>Stimpson, 1865</small>
***Subfamily Hydrobiinae <small>Stimpson, 1865</small>
***Subfamily belgrandiinae <small>de Stefani, 1877</small>
***Subfamily Clenchiellinae <small>D.W.Taylor, 1966</small>
***Subfamily Islamiinae <small>Radoman, 1973</small>
***Subfamily Nymphophilinae <small>D.W.Taylor, 1966</small>
***Subfamily Pseudamnicolinae <small>Radoman, 1977</small>
***Subfamily Pyrgulinae <small>Brusina, 1882</small>
***Subfamily Tateinae <small>Thiele, 1925</small>
**[[Hydrococcidae]] <small>Thiele, 1928</small>
**[[Iravadiidae]] <small>Thiele, 1928</small>
**[[Lithoglyphidae]] <small>Tryon, 1866</small>
** † [[Mesocochliopidae]] <small>Yu, 1987</small>
**[[Moitessieriidae]] <small>Bourguignat, 1863</small>
** † [[Palaeorissoinidae]] <small>Gründel & Kowalke, 2002</small>
***Subfamily Palaeorissoininae <small>Gründel & Kowalke, 2002</small>
***Subfamily Greveniellinae <small>Gründel & Kowalke, 2002</small>
**[[Pomatiopsidae]] <small>Stimpson, 1865</small>
***Subfamily Pomatiopsinae <small>Stimpson, 1865</small>
*****''[[Oncomelania]]''
***Subfamily Triculinae <small>Annandale, 1924</small>
**[[Rissoidae]] <small>Gray, 1847</small>
***Subfamily Rissoinae <small>Gray, 1847</small>
***Subfamily Rissoininae <small>Stimpson, 1865</small>
**[[Stenothyridae]] <small>Tryon, 1866</small>
**[[Tornidae]] <small>Sacco, 1896 (1884)</small>
***Subfamily Torninae <small>Sacco, 1896 (1884)</small>
***Subfamily Circulinae <small>Fretter & Graham, 1962</small>
***Subfamily Teinostamatinae <small>Cossman, 1917</small>
***Subfamily Vitrinellinae <small>Bush, 1987</small>
**[[Truncatellidae]] <small>Gray, 1840</small>
***Subfamily Truncatellinae <small>Gray, 1840</small>
***Subfamily Geomelaniinae <small>Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897</small>
*[[Stromboidea]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small>
**[[Aporrhaidae]] <small>Gray, 1850</small>, the pelican's foot shells
***Subfamily Aporrhainae <small>Gray, 1850</small>
***Subfamily Arrhoginae <small>Popenoe, 1983</small>
***† Subfamily Harpagodinae <small>Pchelintsev, 1963</small>
***† Subfamily Perissopterinae <small>Korotkov, 1992</small>
***† Subfamily Spinigerinae <small>Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)</small>
**† [[Colombellinidae]] <small>P. Fischer, 1884</small>
**† [[Pugnellidae]] <small>Kiel & Bandel, 1999</small>
**[[Seraphsidae]] <small>gray, 1853</small>
**[[Strombidae]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small>, the ''true [[conch]]s''
***''[[Lambis]]''
***''[[Strombus]]''
****''[[Strombus gigas]]''
****''[[Strombus pugilis]]''
***''[[Terebellum]]''
***''[[Tibia (genus)|Tibia]]''
***''[[Varicospira]]''
**[[Struthiolariidae]] <small>Gabb, 1868</small>
**† [[Thersiteidae]] <small>Savornin, 1915</small>
**[[Tylostomatidae]] <small>Stoliczka, 1868</small>
*[[Tonnoidea]] <small>[[Henry Suter|Suter]], 1913 (1825)</small>
**[[Bursidae]] <small>Thiele, 1925</small>, the frog shells
**[[Laubierinidae]] <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1990</small>
**[[Personidae]] <small>Gray, 1854</small>
**[[Pisanianuridae]] <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1990</small>
**[[Ranellidae]] <small>Gray, 1854</small>, the tritons
***Subfamily Cymatiinae <small>[[Tom Iredale|Iredale]], 1913 (1854)</small>
***Subfamily Ranellinae <small>Gray, 1854</small>
**[[Tonnidae]] <small>[[Henry Suter|Suter]], 1913 (1825)</small>, the tun shells
***Subfamily Cassinae <small>Latreille, 1825</small>, the helmet shells
***Subfamily Oocorythinae <small>P.Fischer, 1885</small>
***Subfamily Phaliinae <small>Beu, 1981</small>
***Subfamily Tonninae <small>[[Henry Suter|Suter]], 1913 (1825)</small>
*[[Vanikoroidea]] <small>Gray, 1840</small>
**[[Haloceratidae]] <small>Warén & Bouchet, 1991</small>
**[[Hipponicidae]] <small>Troschel, 1861</small>, the hoof shells
**† [[Omalaxidae]] <small>Cosmmann, 1916</small>
**[[Vanikoridae]] <small>Gray, 1840</small>
*[[Velutinoidea]] <small>Gray, 1840</small>
**[[Pediculariidae]]
**[[Triviidae]] <small>Troschel, 1863</small>
***Subfamily Eratoinae <small>Gill, 1871</small>
***Subfamily Triviinae <small>Troschel, 1863</small>
**[[Velutinidae]] <small>Gray, 1840</small>
***Subfamily Velutininae <small>Gray, 1840</small>
***Subfamily Lamellariinae <small>[[d'Orbigny]], 1841</small>
*[[Vermetoidea]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small>
**[[Vermetidae]] <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small>, the worm snails
***Subfamily Vermetinae <small>[[Rafinesque]], 1815</small>
***Subfamily Dendropomatinae <small>Bandel & Kowalke, 1997</small>
*[[Xenophoroidea]] <small>Troschel, 1852 (1840)</small>
**[[Guttulidae]]
**† [[Lamelliphoridae]] <small>Korobkov, 1960</small>
**[[Xenophoridae]] <small>Troschel, 1852 (1840)</small>, the carrier shells
{{wikispecies|Littorinimorpha}}
[[Category:Parasitology]]
[[Category:Sorbeoconcha]]
{{Sorbeoconcha-stub}}
[[es:Littorinimorpha]]