Livedoid vasculitis 3168481 215487103 2008-05-28T12:30:15Z DOI bot 6652755 Citation maintenance. You can [[WP:DOI|use this bot]] yourself! Please [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. {{Infobox_Disease | Name = Livedoid vasculitis | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 7546 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|L|95|0|l|80}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|xxx}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001478 | eMedicineSubj = derm | eMedicineTopic = 39 | MeshID = }} '''Livedoid vasculitis''' (also known as "livedo vasculitis", '''livedo reticularis''', and "livedoid vasculopathy") is a [[Blood vessel|vascular]] disorder mostly affecting women. It may be aggravated by exposure to cold and occurs most often in the lower extremities. It can also be associated with the presence of [[anti-cardiolipin antibodies]] (the [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]]). The condition's name derives from the [[Latin]] ''livere'' meaning bluish. ==Etiology== A number of conditions may cause the appearance of livedo reticularis: * [[Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita]] a rare [[congenital]] condition * [[Sneddon syndrome]] - association of Livedoid vasculitis and systemic vascular disorders, such as strokes, due to underlying genetic cause.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sneddon I |title=Cerebro-Vascular Lesions And Livedo Reticularis |journal=Br J Dermatol |volume=77 |issue= |pages=180–5 |year=1965 | month=Apr |pmid=14278790 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14628.x}}</ref> * '''Idiopathic livedo reticularis''' - the most common form of livedo reticularis and is a completely benign condition of unknown cause affecting mostly young women during the winter.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Gibbs M, English J, Zirwas M |title=Livedo reticularis: an update |journal=J Am Acad Dermatol |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1009–19 |year=2005 |pmid=15928620 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.051}}</ref> It is a lacy purple appearance of skin in extremities due to sluggish venous blood flow. May be mild, but ulceration may occur later in the summer.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Feldaker M, Hines E, Kierland R |title=Livedo reticularis with summer ulcerations |journal=AMA Arch Derm |volume=72 |issue=1 |pages=31–42 |year=1955 |pmid=14387292}}</ref> * '''Secondary livedo reticularis''': ** [[Vasculitis]] [[Autoimmunity|autoimmune conditions]]: *** Livedoid vasculitis - with painful ulceration occurring in the lower legs *** [[Polyarteritis nodosa]] *** [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Golden R |title=Livedo reticularis in systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Arch Dermatol |volume=87 |issue= |pages=299–301 |year=1963 | month=Mar |pmid=13948706}}</ref> *** [[Dermatomyositis]] *** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]] *** [[Lymphoma]] *** [[Pancreatitis]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sigmund W, Shelley W |title=Cutaneous manifestations of acute pancreatitis, with special reference to livedo reticularis |journal=N Engl J Med |volume=251 |issue=21 |pages=851–3 |year=1954 |pmid=13214346}}</ref> *** [[Tuberculosis]] *** [[Amantadine]] (drug) ** Obstruction of capillaries: *** [[Cryoglobulinaemia]] - proteins in the blood that clump together in cold conditions.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Langhof H, Braun G, Matzkowski H |title=[Livedo reticularis due to cold gelation of the blood by gamma-plasmacytoma.] |journal=Arch Klin Exp Dermatol |volume=205 |issue=4 |pages=343–50 |year=1957 |pmid=13522017}}</ref> *** [[Antiphospholipid syndrome]] due to small blood clots *** [[Hypercalcaemia]] (raised blood calcium levels which may be deposited in the capillaries) *** Haematological disorders of [[Polycythemia|Polycythaemia rubra vera]] or [[Thrombocytosis]] (excessive red cells or platelets) *** Infections ([[syphilis]] and tuberculosis) *** [[Arteriosclerosis]] ([[cholesterol emboli]])<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kazmier F, Sheps S, Bernatz P, Sayre G |title=Livedo reticularis and digital infarcts: a syndrome due to cholesterol emboli arising from atheromatous abdominal aortic aneurysms |journal=Vasc Dis |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=12–24 |year=1966 |pmid=5903590}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Stewart W, Lauret P, Testart J, Thomine E, Boulliê M, Leroy D |title=[Cutaneous cholesterol emboli (author's transl)] |journal=Ann Dermatol Venereol |volume=104 |issue=1 |pages=5–8 |year=1977 | pmid= 843026}}</ref> and [[homocystinuria]] (due to [[Chromosome 21 (human)|Chromosome 21]] autosomal recessive [[Cystathionine beta synthase deficiency]]) *** Intra-arterial injection (especially in drug addicts) ==Treatment== Other than identifying and treating any underlying conditions in secondary livedo,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Fleischer A, Resnick S |title=Livedo reticularis |journal=Dermatol Clin |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=347–54 |year=1990 |pmid=2191805}}</ref> idiopathic livedo reticularis itself may improve with warming the legs, but once established the skin discolouration may become permanent. ==Footnotes== {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{DermNet|vascular/livedoid-vasculitis}} * {{DermNet|vascular/livedo-vascularis}} {{Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue}} [[Category:Diseases]] [[Category:Dermatology]] [[Category:Rheumatology]] [[ja:リベド血管炎]] [[pl:Livedo reticularis]]