Livestock 46103 225910694 2008-07-15T23:47:17Z Cgoodwin 527195 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 225805643 by [[Special:Contributions/193.111.24.181|193.111.24.181]] ([[User talk:193.111.24.181|talk]])vandalism [[Image:Sheep and cow in South Africa.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Domestic sheep]] and a [[cow]] pastured together in [[South Africa]]]] '''Livestock''' is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally) to a [[domesticated]] [[animal]] intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to make produce such as [[food]] or fibre, or for its labour. The term generally does not include [[poultry]] or farmed [[fish]]. Livestock may be raised for subsistence or for profit. Raising animals ([[animal husbandry]]) is an important component of modern [[agriculture]]. It has been practiced in many societies, since the transition to [[farming]] from [[Hunter-gatherer|hunter-gather]] lifestyles. ==Origins of livestock== [[Animal]]-rearing has its origins in the transition of societies to settled farming [[communities]] rather than [[hunter-gatherer]] lifestyles. Animals are ‘[[domesticated]]’ when their breeding and living conditions are controlled by humans. Over time, the collective behaviour, [[Biological life cycle|life cycle]], and [[physiology]] of livestock have changed radically. Many modern farm animals are unsuited to life in the wild. [[Dog]]s were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago, [[Goat]]s and [[sheep]] were domesticated around 8000 BCE in [[Asia]].{{Fact|date=September 2007}} [[Domestic pig|Swine or pigs]] were domesticated by 7000 BCE in the [[Middle East]] and [[China]][http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/swine/]. The earliest evidence of [[horse]] domestication dates to around 4000 BCE{{Fact|date=February 2007}} ==Types of livestock== The term "livestock" is nebulous and may be defined narrowly or broadly. On a broader view, livestock refers to any breed or population of animal kept by humans for a useful, commercial purpose. This can mean [[List of domesticated animals|domestic animals]], [[semi-domestic animals]], or [[captive wild animals]]. Semi-domesticated refers to animals which are only lightly domesticated or of disputed status. These populations may also be in the process of [[domestication]]. In practical discussions, some people may use the term livestock to refer just to domestic animals or even just to [[red meat]] animals. {{-}} {| class="wikitable" !Animal / Type ! style="width:5%" |Domestication Status ! style="width:10%" |Wild Ancestor ! style="width:20%" |Time of first Captivity / Domestication ! style="width:20%" |Area of first Captivity / Domestication !First Commercial Uses !Current Commercial Uses |- ! style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Alpaca]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |[[Vicuña]] | style="texy-align:center" | Between 5000 BC and 4000 BC |[[Andes]] | |[[wool]] |- ! style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal" |'''[[American Bison|Bison]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] | captive (see also [[Beefalo]]) |N/A | style="text-align:center" |Late 19th Century |[[North America]] | |[[meat]], [[leather]], |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Camel]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] | domestic |Wild [[Dromedary]] and [[Bactrian camel]]s |Between 4000 BC and 1400 BC |[[Asia]] | |[[Working animal|mount]], [[Working animal|pack animal]], [[meat]], [[dairy]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Cattle]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |[[Aurochs]] (extinct) | style="text-align:center" |6000 BC |[[Southwest Asia]], [[India]], [[North Africa]] (?) | |[[Meat]] ([[beef]], [[veal]], [[blood]]), [[dairy]], [[leather]], [[Working animal|draught]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Deer]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |captive |N/A | style="text-align:center" |1970 |[[North America]] | |[[Meat]] ([[venison]]), [[leather]], [[antler]]s, [[antler velvet]] |- ! style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Dog]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[omnivore]] |domestic |[[Wolf]] | style="text-align:center" | 12000 BC | | |[[Working animal|pack animal]], [[Working animal|draught]], [[Working animal|hunting]], [[Working animal|herding]], [[Working animal|searching/gathering]], [[Working animal|watching/guarding]], [[meat]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Donkey]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |[[African Wild Ass]] | style="text-align:center" |4000 BC |[[Egypt]] | |[[Working animal|mount]], [[Working animal|pack animal]], [[Working animal|draught]], [[meat]], [[dairy]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Goat]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |[[Wild Goat|Bezoar goat]] | style="text-align:center" |8000 BC |[[Southwest Asia]] | |[[Dairy]], [[meat]], [[wool]], [[leather]], [[Working animal|light draught]], |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Guinea pig]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |''[[Cavia tschudii]]'' | style="text-align:center" |5000 BC |[[South America]] | |[[Meat]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Horse]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |Wild horses of [[Ukraine]] and Southern [[Russia]] (extinct) | style="text-align:center" |4000 BC |[[Ukraine]] | |[[Working animal|mount]], [[Working animal|pack animal]], [[Working animal|draught]], [[meat]], [[dairy]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Llama]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |[[Guanaco]] | style="text-align:center" |3500 BC |[[Andes]] | |[[Working animal|light mount]], [[Working animal|pack animal]], [[Working animal|draught]],,, [[meat]], [[wool]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Mule]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |Sterile hybrid of [[donkey]] and [[horse]] | &nbsp; | &nbsp; | |[[Working animal|mount]], [[Working animal|pack animal]], [[Working animal|draught]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Domestic pig|Pig]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[omnivore]] |domestic |[[Wild boar]] | style="text-align:center" |7000 BC |[[Eastern Anatolia]] | |[[Meat]] ([[pork]], [[bacon]], etc.), [[leather]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Rabbit]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |Wild [[rabbit]] | style="text-align:center" |between AD 400-900 |[[France]] | |[[Meat]], [[wool]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Reindeer]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |semi-domestic |[[reindeer]] | style="text-align:center" |3000 BC |Northern [[Russia]] | |[[Meat]], [[leather]], [[antler]]s, [[dairy]], [[Working animal|draught]], |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Domestic sheep|Sheep]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |Asiatic [[mouflon]] sheep | style="text-align:center" |Between 9000 BC-11000 BC |[[Southwest Asia]] | |[[Wool]], [[dairy]], [[leather]], [[meat]] ([[Lamb (food)|mutton]] and [[Lamb (meat)|lamb]]) |- ! style="text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Domestic Asian Water buffalo]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |[[Wild Asian Water buffalo]], (Arni) | style="text-align:center" |4000 BC |[[China]] (Tibetan Plateau) | |[[Working animal|mount]], [[Working animal|draught]], [[meat]], [[dairy]] |- ! style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal" |'''[[Yak]]'''<br />[[Mammal]], [[herbivore]] |domestic |Wild yak | &nbsp; |[[Tibet]] | |[[Meat]], [[dairy]], [[wool]], [[Working animal|mount]], [[Working animal|pack animal]], [[Working animal|draught]] |- |} ==Purpose of animal rearing== [[Image:CH cow 2.jpg|thumb|200px|A [[Brown Swiss]] cow in the [[Swiss Alps]]]] ‘Livestock’ are defined, in part, by their end purpose as the production of food or fiber, or labour. The economic value of livestock includes: ; '''[[Meat]]''': the production of a useful form of dietary [[protein]] and energy. ; '''[[Dairy]] products''' : Mammalian livestock can be used as a source of [[milk]], which can in turn easily be processed into other dairy products such as [[yogurt]], [[cheese]], [[butter]], [[ice cream]], [[kefir]], and [[kumis]]. Using livestock for this purpose can often yield several times the [[food energy]] of [[slaughtering]] the animal outright. ; '''Fiber''' : Livestock produce a range of fiber/textiles. For example, [[Domestic sheep|sheep]] and [[goat]]s produce wool and mohair; [[cow]]s, [[deer]], and [[Domestic sheep|sheep]] can make leather; and [[bone]]s, [[hoof|hooves]] and [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]]s of livestock can be used. ; '''[[Fertilizer]]''' : [[Manure]] can be spread on fields to increase crop yields. This is an important reason why historically, [[plant]] and animal [[domestication]] have been intimately linked. Manure is also used to make plaster for walls and floors and can be used as a fuel for fires. The [[blood]] and [[bone]] of animals are also used as fertilizer. ; '''Labour''' : Animals such as [[horses]], [[donkeys|donkey]], and [[yak]]s can be used for mechanical energy. Prior to [[steam engine|steam power]] livestock were the only available source of non-human labour. They are still used for this purpose in many places of the world, including [[plough]]ing fields, transporting goods, and [[military]] functions. ; '''Land management''' : The grazing of livestock is sometimes used as a way to control weeds and undergrowth. For example, in areas prone to wild fires, goats and sheep are set to graze on dry scrub which removes combustible material and reduces the risk of fires. During the history of [[animal husbandry]] many secondary products have arisen in an attempt to increase carcass utilization and reduce waste. For example, animal [[offal]] and non-edible parts may be transformed into products such as pet food and fertilizer. In the past such waste products were sometimes also fed to livestock as well. However, intra-species recycling poses a disease risk, threatening animal and even human health (see [[bovine spongiform encephalopathy]] (BSE), [[scrapie]] and [[prion]]). Due primarily to BSE (mad cow disease), feeding animal scraps to animals has been banned in many countries, at least in regards to [[ruminants]] and [[pigs]]. ==Farming practices== [[Image:Goat family.jpg|thumb|250px|Goat family with 1-week-old young]] {{main|animal husbandry}} Farming practices vary dramatically world-wide and between types of animals. Livestock are generally kept in an enclosure, are fed by human-provided food{{Fact|date=April 2008}} and are intentionally bred, but some livestock are not enclosed, or are fed by access to natural foods, or are allowed to breed freely, or any combination thereof. Livestock raising historically was part of a [[nomadic]] or [[pastoral]] form of [[material culture]]. The herding of camels and reindeer in some parts of the world remain unassociated with [[sedentary agriculture]]. The [[transhumance]] form of [[herding]] in the [[Sierra Nevada Mountains]] of [[California]] still continues as cattle, sheep or goats are moved from [[winter pasture]] in lower lying valleys to [[spring pasture]] and [[summer pasture]] in the foothills and alpine regions as the seasons progress. Cattle were raised on the [[open range]] in the Western United States and Canada, as well as on the [[Pampas]] of [[Argentina]] and other [[prairie]] and [[steppe]] regions of the [[world]]. The enclosure of livestock in [[pastures]] and [[barns]] is a relatively new development in the [[history of agriculture]]. When cattle are enclosed, the type of ‘enclosure’ may vary from a small crate, a large [[agricultural fencing|fenced]] [[pasture]] or a [[paddock]]. The type of feed may vary from natural growing grass, to [[feedlot|highly sophisticated processed feed]]. Animals are usually intentionally bred through artificial insemination or through supervised mating. Indoor production systems are generally used only for [[domestic pigs|pigs]] and [[poultry]], as well as for veal cattle. Indoor animals are generally farmed intensively, as large space requirements would make indoor farming unprofitable and impossible. However, indoor farming systems are controversial due to: the waste they produce, odour problems, the potential for [[groundwater]] contamination and animal welfare concerns. (For further discussion on intensively farmed livestock, see [[factory farming]], and [[intensive pig farming]]). Other livestock are farmed outside, although the size of enclosure and level of supervision may vary. In large open ranges animals may be only occasionally inspected or yarded in "round-ups" or a [[muster (livestock)]]. Working dogs such as sheep dogs and cattle dogs{{Fact|date=January 2008}} may be used for mustering livestock as are [[cowboy]]s, [[stockmen]] and jackaroos on horses, or with vehicles and also by helicopters. Since the advent of [[barbed wire]] (in the 1870s) and [[electric fence]] technology, fencing pastures has become much more feasible and pasture management simplified. Rotation of pasturage is a modern technique for improving nutrition and health while avoiding environmental damage to the land. In some cases very large numbers of animals may be kept in indoor or outdoor feeding operations (on [[feedlot]]s), where the animals' feed is processed, offsite or onsite, and stored on site then fed to the animals. Livestock - especially cattle - may be [[livestock branding|branded]] to indicate ownership and age, but in modern farming identification is more likely to be indicated by means of [[ear tag]]s than branding. Sheep are also frequently marked by means of ear marks and/or ear tags. As fears of [[mad cow disease]] and other [[epidemic illnesses]] mount, the use of [[microchip identification]] to monitor and trace animals in the [[food production system]] is increasingly common, and sometimes required by governmental regulations. Modern [[farming]] techniques seek to minimize human involvement, increase yield, and improve animal health. [[Economics]], quality and consumer safety all play a role in how animals are raised. [[Hard and soft drugs|Drug]] use and feed supplements (or even feed type) may be regulated, or prohibited, to ensure yield is not increased at the expense of consumer health, safety or animal welfare. Practices vary around the world, for example [[growth hormone]] use is permitted in the [[United States]] but not in stock to be sold to the [[European Union]]. The improvement of health, using modern [[farming]] techniques, on the part of animals has come into question. Feeding cattle, which have historically eaten grasses, corn is an example. They don't digest the corn well, being ruminants. Feeding them corn also makes no use of their rumens that can lead to other difficulties.{{Fact|date=April 2008}} ==Predation== Livestock farmers had suffered in the hands of [[wildlife|wild animals]] and [[rustlers]]. In North America, [[gray wolf]], [[grizzly bear]], [[cougar]], [[American Black bear|black bear]], and [[coyote]] are sometimes considered a threat to livestock. In Eurasia and Africa, wolf, [[brown bear]], [[leopard]], [[tiger]], [[lion]], [[dhole]], [[Asiatic black bear|black bear]], [[spotted hyena]], and [[carnivores|others]] caused livestock deaths. In Australia, the [[dingo]], foxes, [[Wedge-tailed Eagle]]s, hunting and domestic dogs (especially) cause problems for grazers because they often kill for fun. In [[Latin America]], [[Pariah dog|feral dogs]] cause livestock deaths in nightfall. They blame [[Maned wolf|Maned wolves]], [[cougars]], [[jaguars]], and [[spectacled bear]]s for livestock deaths. ==Disease== Livestock diseases compromise animal welfare, reduce productivity, and in rare cases can infect humans. Animal diseases may be tolerated; reduced through animal husbandry; or reduced through antibiotics and vaccines. In developing countries animal diseases are tolerated in animal husbandry, resulting in considerably reduced productivity, especially given the low health-status of many developing country herds. Gains in productivity through disease management is often a first step taken in implementing an agriculture policy. Disease management can be achieved through changes in animal husbandry. These measures may aim to control spread by: controlling animal mixing, controlling entry to farm lots and the use of protective clothing, and quarantining sick animals. Disease management may be controlled by the use of vaccines and antibiotics. Antibiotics may also be used as a growth-promoter. The issue of [[antibiotic resistance]] has limited the practices of preventative dosing such as antibiotic-laced feed. Countries will often require the use of [[veterinary]] certificates are often required before transporting, selling or showing animals. Disease-free areas are often rigorously enforced, and may be notified to the OIE. ==Livestock transportation and marketing== {{main|Livestock transportation}} [[Image:Cattle sale 1.JPG|thumb|250px|Grass-fed cattle, saleyards, [[Walcha]], NSW]] Since many livestock are herd animals, they were historically [[drover|driven to market]] "on the hoof" to a town or other central location. During the period after the [[American Civil War]], the abundance of [[Texas longhorn (cattle)|Longhorn cattle]] in [[Texas]] and the demand for beef in Northern markets led to the popularity of the [[American Old West|Old West]] [[cattle drive]]. The method is still used in some parts of the world. [[Animal transporter|Truck]] transport is now common in developed countries. Local and regional livestock [[auction]]s and [[commodity market]]s facilitate trade in livestock. In other areas livestock may be bought and sold in a [[bazaar]], such as may be found in many parts of [[Central Asia]], or a [[flea market]] type setting such as the [[First Monday Trade Days]] in [[Canton, Texas]]. ==Stock shows and fairs== [[Stock show]]s and [[fair]]s are events where people bring their best livestock to compete with one another. Organizations like [[4-H]], [[Block & Bridle]], and [[National FFA Organization|FFA]] encourage young people to raise livestock for show purposes. Special feeds are purchased and hours may be spent prior to the show grooming the animal to look its best. In cattle, sheep, and swine shows, the winning animals are frequently auctioned off to the highest bidder and the funds placed into a scholarship fund for its owner. The movie ''[[Grand Champion]]'', released in 2004, is the story of a young Texas boy's experience raising a prize steer. [[Image:Wfa083.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Poultry Building, Western Fair 1923.]] ==Animal welfare and surmised rights== The issue of rearing livestock for human benefit raises the issue of the relationship between humans and animals, in terms of the status of animals and obligations of people. [[Animal welfare]] is the viewpoint that animals under human care should be treated in such a way that they do not suffer unnecessarily. What is ‘unnecessary’ suffering may vary. Generally though, the animal welfare perspective is based on an interpretation of scientific research on farming practices. By contrast, [[Animal rights]] is the viewpoint that using animals for human benefit is, by its nature, generally exploitation regardless of the farming practice used. It is a position based on anthropomorphism, in which individuals seek to place themselves in the position of an animal. Animal rights activists would generally be vegan or vegetarian, whereas it is consistent with the animal welfare perspective to eat meat depending on production processes. [[Animal welfare]] groups generally seek to generate public discussion on livestock rearing practices and secure greater regulation and scrutiny of livestock industry practices. [[Animal rights]] groups usually seek the abolition of livestock farming, although some groups may recognise the necessity of achieving more stringent regulation first. Animal welfare groups, such as the RSPCA, are often – in first world countries - given a voice at governmental level in the development of policy. Animal rights groups find it harder to find methods of input, and may go further and advocate civil disobedience or violence. Animal husbandry practices that have led to legislation in some countries and that may be the subject of current campaigns *Confinement of livestock in small and unnatural spaces: For economic or health reasons animals may be kept in the minimum size of cage or pen with little or no space to exercise or engage in normal actions or grooming. Close confinement is most common with chickens, pigs, and calves raised for veal. *Unnatural living environments: Even when allowed to move, animals may be denied a natural environment. For example ducks may be kept in free-range barns but have no access to water in which to swim. Cattle may be kept in barns with no chance to graze. Dogs or cats may be kept indoors with no chance to hunt. *Overuse of pharmaceuticals and hormones: Intensive raising of livestock may lead to a health problems and the necessity to use antibiotics to prevent disease. In some cases antibiotics and hormones are also fed to livestock to produce rapid weight gain. *Overwork and exhaustion of animals: Where livestock are used as a source of power they may be pushed beyond their limits to the point of exhaustion. The public visibility of this abuse meant it was one of the first areas to receive legislation in the nineteenth century in European countries but it still goes on in parts of Asia. *Modification to the bodies of living animals: Broiler hens may be de-beaked, pigs have deciduous teeth pulled, cattle de-horned and branded, dairy cows and sheep have tails cropped, merino sheep mulesed, many types of male animals castrated. *Long distance transportation of livestock: Animals may be transported long distances to market and slaughter. Overcrowded conditions, heat from tropical-area shipping and lack of food, water and rest breaks have been subject to legislation and protest. (See [[Live Export]]) *[[Slaughter (livestock)|Slaughter of livestock]]: Slaughter was an early target for legislation. Campaigns continue to target [[Halal]] and [[Kosher]] religious ritual slaughter. ==Environmental impact== According to the 390 page 2006 [[United Nations]] report "[[Livestock's Long Shadow]]", the livestock sector (primarily cattle, chickens, and pigs) emerges as one of the top two or three most significant contributors to our most serious environmental problems, at every scale from local to global. The report recommends an immediate halving of the world's livestock numbers, in order to mitigate the worst effects of [[climate change]]. Livestock is responsible for 18% of the world’s [[greenhouse gas]] emissions as measured in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents. By comparison, the world's entire transportation sector emits 13.5% of the CO<sub>2</sub>. In the US, which produces about 23% of global greenhouse gases, [http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads06/06Agriculture.pdf agriculture] accounts for 7% of total greenhouse gas emissions (in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalents), while transportation produces more than 25%. By comparison, the [http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads06/06Energy.pdf energy] sector, which includes transportation, accounted for more than 85% of [http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/usinventoryreport.html US greenhouse gas emissions] in 2004. Agriculture produces 65% percent of human-related nitrous oxide (which has 296 times the global warming potential of CO<sub>2</sub>) and 37% of all human-induced [[methane]] (which is 23 times as warming as CO<sub>2</sub>). It also generates 64% of the [[ammonia]], which contributes to [[acid rain]] and [[acidification]] of [[ecosystems]] [http://www.virtualcentre.org/en/library/key_pub/longshad/A0701E00.htm]. The findings of the [[United Nations]] report suggest that addressing the issue of livestock should be a major policy focus when dealing with problems of [[land degradation]], [[climate change]] and [[air pollution]], [[water shortage]] and [[water pollution]], and loss of [[biodiversity]]. A research team at [[Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine]] in [[Hokkaidō]] found that supplementing the animals' diet with cysteine, a type of amino acid, and nitrate can reduce the methane gas produced, without jeopardising the cattle's productivity or the quality of their meat and milk.[http://www.smh.com.au/news/unusual-tales/global-warming-breakthrough-way-to-stop-cow-gas/2008/01/22/1200764221842.html] Research from the University of [[Botswana]] in 2008 has found that farmers' common practice of overstocking cattle to cope with drought losses made ecosystems more vulnerable and risked longterm damage to cattle herds in turn by actually depleting scarce biomass. The study of the Kgatleng district of Botswana predicted that by 2050 the cycle of mild drought is likely to become shorter for the region — 18 months instead of two years — due to climate change[http://www.scidev.net/en/sub-suharan-africa/news/sub-saharan-africa-news-in-brief-10-22-april-2008.html] ==See also== *[[Agriculture]] *[[Agribusiness]] *[[Aquaculture]] (cultivation of aquatic animals and plants) *[[Beekeeping]] *[[Cuniculture]] ([[rabbit]] farming) *[[Fur farming]] *[[Geier Hitch]] (used in transporting bulls) *[[Judas goat]] *''[[Livestock's Long Shadow|Livestock's Long Shadow - Environmental Issues and Options]]'' (UN report) *[[Poultry]] *[[Ranching]] *[[Sericulture]] ([[silkworm]] farming) *[[Sheep husbandry]] *[[Stock car (rail)|Stock car]] - the railway freight car type used for hauling livestock *[[Western Fair]] [[Category:Livestock|*]] [[an:Bestiar]] [[zh-min-nan:Cheng-siⁿ]] [[bs:Stoka]] [[br:Chatal]] [[bg:Добитък]] [[ca:Bestiar]] [[cs:Dobytek]] [[de:Vieh]] [[et:Koduloom]] [[es:Ganado]] [[fr:Bétail]] [[gl:Gando]] [[io:Brutaro]] [[id:Ternak]] [[it:Bestiame]] [[ku:Ajalên kedî]] [[nl:Vee]] [[ja:家畜]] [[nds:Veehtüch]] [[pl:Zwierzęta gospodarskie]] [[pt:Gado]] [[simple:Livestock]] [[sk:Dobytok]] [[fi:Karja]] [[sv:Boskap]] [[ta:கால்நடை]] [[uk:Домашня худоба]] [[fiu-vro:Kodoelläi]] [[zh:家畜]]