Lleida
18729
225719716
2008-07-15T01:57:13Z
Kman543210
6844949
[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 225718550 by [[Special:Contributions/83.53.145.129|83.53.145.129]] rv POV edits. Lleida is in Spain
{{Infobox City Spain
| native_name = Lleida
| native_language = Catalan
| spanish_name = Lérida
| nickname =
| image_skyline = Lleida - La Seu Vella (des de Cappont).jpg
| image_skyline_size = 250px
| image_skyline_caption = [[La Seu Vella]] cathedral in Lleida.
| image_flag = Bandera de Lleida.jpg
| image_flag_size = 150px
| image_coat_of_arms = Escudo de Lérida.svg
| city_motto =
| city_motto_means =
| image_coat_of_arms_size = 110px
| image_city_map = Localització_de_Lleida.png
| image_city_map_size = 250px
| image_city_map_caption =
| lat_long = {{coord|41|37|N|000|38|E|type:city_region:ES|display=inline,title}}
| time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] ([[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] +1)
| time_zone_summer = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] (GMT +2)
| founded = 6th century BC
| postal_code = 25XXX
| area_code =
| website = [http://www.paeria.cat/ www.paeria.cat]
| community = Catalonia
| community_link = Catalonia
| province = Lleida
| province_link = Lleida (province)
| comarca = Segrià
| comarca_link = Segrià
| divisions =
| neighborhoods =
| mayor = Angel Ros i Domingo
| political_party = PSC
| political_party_link = Socialists' Party of Catalonia
| area = 211.7
| altitude = 155
| population = 127.314
| date-population = 2007
| population-ranking =
| density = 601
| date-density = 2007
}}
'''Lleida''' (Standard [[Central Catalan]] {{pronounced|ˈʎejðə}} or [[North-Western Catalan]] {{IPA|[ˈʎejðɛ]}}; [[Spanish language|Castillian]] '''Lérida''' {{IPA|[ˈleɾiða]}}, though officially referred as ''Lleida'') is a city in the west of [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]. It had 127.314 inhabitants [[as of 2007]], including the attached municipalities of [[Raïmat]] and [[Sucs]]. It is the central city of the [[Lleida (province)|province of the same name]].
Lleida is the capital city of the comarca ([[county]]) Segrià and [[Lleida (province)|the province that takes its name]]. Its economy is mostly based on commerce and services, being one of the most important population and economic inland centres in Catalonia.
==Languages==
It is a traditionally [[Catalan language|Catalan-speaking]] town and province, with a characteristic dialect (known as Western or, more specifically, [[North-Western Catalan]], or colloquially ''lleidatà'') with features such as ''lo'' and ''los'' (instead of standard "el" and "els") as the definite articles, and word-final ''a'' pronounced {{IPA2|ɛ}}. Some of these features, however, are nowadays more common among older people and elsewhere in the province rather than in the town of Lleida, where only the phonetic aspects of the dialect are preserved.
[[Spanish language|Castilian/Spanish]] is primarily only an active language for the older inhabitants who were prohibited from studying Catalan during Franco's reign.
[[Aranese]], a standardized form of the [[Gascon]] variety of the [[Occitan language]] language, is spoken in the region of [[Val d'Aran]] to the north of the city of Lleida and has official status there.
==History==
In ancient times the city, named '''Iltrida''' and '''Ilerda''', was the chief city of the [[Ilergetes]], an [[Iberians|Iberian]] tribe. [[Indíbil]], king of the Ilergetes, and [[Mandoni]], king of the [[Ausetanes]], defended it against the Roman invasion.
Under the Romans, the city was incorporated into the Roman province of [[Hispania Tarraconensis]], and was a place of considerable importance, historically as well as geographically. It stood upon an eminence, on the right (west) bank of the river Sicoris (the modern [[Segre River|Segre]]), the principal tributary of the [[Ebro]], and some distance above its confluence with the Cinga (modern [[Cinca]]); thus commanding the country between those rivers, as well as the great road from Tarraco (modern [[Tarragona]]), the provincial capital, to the northwest of Spain, which here crossed the Sicoris. ([[Antonine Itinerary|Itin. Ant.]] pp. 391, 452.)
Its situation (to quote [[Julius Caesar]], "propter ipsius loci opportunitatem", ''B.C.'' i. 38) induced the legates of [[Pompey]] in Spain to make it the key of their defense against Caesar, in the first year of the [[Caesar's civil war|Civil War]] (49 BCE). [[Lucius Afranius (consul)|Afranius]] and [[Marcus Petreius]] threw themselves into the place with five legions; and their siege by Caesar himself ([[Battle of Ilerda]]), as narrated in his own words, forms one of the most interesting passages of military history. The resources exhibited by the great general, in a contest where the formation of the district and the very elements of nature seemed in league with his enemies, have been frequently extolled; but no epitome can do justice to the campaign. It ended by the capitulation of Afranius and Petreius, who were conquered as much by Caesar's generosity as by his strategy. (Caes. ''B.C.'' i. 38, ''et seq.''; Flor. iv. 12; [[Appian]], ''B.C.'' ii. 42; Vell. Pat. ii. 42; [[Suetonius|Suet.]] ''Caes.'' 34; [[Lucan (poet)|Lucan]], ''Pharsal.'' iv. 11, 144.) In consequence of the battle, the [[Latin language|Latin]] [[Latin phrase|phrase]] ''Ilerdam videas'' is said to have been used by people who wanted to cast bad luck on someone else.
Under the [[Roman empire]], Ilerda was a very flourishing city, and a [[municipium]]. It minted its own coins. It had a fine stone bridge over the Sicoris, (the bridge was so sturdy that its foundations support a bridge to this today). In the time of [[Ausonius]] the city had fallen into decay; but it rose again into importance in the Middle Ages. ([[Strabo]] iii. p. 161; Horat. ''Epist.'' i. 20. 13; coins, ''ap.'' [[Enrique Florez|Florez]], ''Med.'' ii. pp. 451, 646, iii. p. 73; Mionnet, vol. i. p. 44, Suppl. vol. i. p. 89; Sestini, pp. 161, 166; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 51.)
It was part of [[Visigoths|Visigothic]] and [[Muslim]] [[Hispania]] until it was conquered from the [[Moors]] by the Count [[Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona|Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona]] in 1148.
It used to be the seat of a [[University of Lleida|major university]], the oldest in the [[Crown of Aragon]], until 1717, when it was moved by [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]] to the nearby town of [[Cervera]]. The University of Lleida is nowadays active again.
Lleida served as a key defense point for [[Barcelona]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]], and fell to the Insurgents, whose air forces bombed it extensively, in 1937 and 1938. The [[November 2]], [[1937]] [[Legion Kondor]] attacks against Lleida became especially infamous since they were aimed to the school known as [[Liceu Escolar de Lleida]]. 48 children and several teachers died in it that day.
After some decades without any kind of population growth, it met a massive migration of [[Andalusian people|Andalusians]] who helped the town undergo a relative demographic growth. Nowadays it's home to immigrants of 146 different nationalities [http://www6.gencat.net/llengcat/noves/hm05primavera-estiu/sola1_3.htm].
==Districts and neighbourhoods==<!-- This section is linked from [[Cap Pont]] -->
Lleida is divided in the following districts by the ''Observatori Socioeconòmic de Lleida'':
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
*[[Balàfia]]
*[[Pardinyes]]
*[[Butsènit]]
*[[Camp d'Esports]]
*[[Cap Pont]]
*[[Centre Històric]]
*[[Humbert Torres (Lleida)|Humbert Torres]]
*[[Instituts-Templers]]
*[[Joc de la Bola]]
*[[La Bordeta (Lleida)|La Bordeta]]
{{col-3}}
*[[Les Basses d'Alpicat]]
*[[Llívia (Lleida)|Llívia]]
*[[Magraners]]
*[[Mariola]]
*[[Príncep de Viana-Clot]]
*[[Rambla Ferran-Estació]]
*[[Secà de Sant Pere]]
*[[Torres de Sanuí]]
*[[Universitat]]
*[[Ciutat Jardí]]
{{col-end}}
==Communications==
[[Image:Estacio Lleida-Pirineus.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Lleida-Pirineus'' train station.]]
Lleida is served by the [[RENFE|Spanish state railway]]'s [[AVE]] [[high-speed rail]] line, serving [[Barcelona]], [[Zaragoza]], [[Calatayud]], [[Guadalajara, Spain|Guadalajara]], and [[Madrid]]. Lleida has a minor airfield located in [[Alfès]] and as of 2006, the construction of an airport is due to be finished in 2008. Also, the town is the western terminus of the [[Eix Transversal]] Lleida-[[Girona]], and a railway covering the same distance (''Eix Transversal Ferroviari'') is currently under planning.
==Culture==
Traditional celebrations include ''Festa Major'', ''[[Aplec del Cargol]]'' and ''Fira de Sant Miquel''.
A [[Latin-American]] [[film|cinema]] festival is held yearly in the town ("[[Lleida Latin-American Film Festival|Mostra de Cinema Llatinoamericà de Lleida]]"), and an [[animation]] film festival called ''[[Animac]]'' also takes place there every May.
Also, the international [[Rock music|rock]] festival [[Senglar Rock]] is held in [[Les Basses d'Alpicat]], in the outskirts of Lleida, each July since 2005 - it used to be held in [[Montblanc, Spain|Montblanc]] before that year.
Lleida was the [[Capital of Catalan Culture]] in 2007.
==People from Lleida==
The following names are sorted alphabetically.
*[[Antoni Abad]] - artist (born 1956)
*[[Jaume Balagueró]] - filmmaker (born 1960)
*[[Josep Borrell]] - Politician, [[president of the European Parliament]] 2004-2007. (born 1947)
*[[Francesc Claverol]] - 18th century religious scholar, author of De ''ineffabile misae sacrificio y Libellum de Adventu Anti Christi''.
*[[Pep Coll]] - writer (born 1949)
*[[Albert Costa]] - tennis player, [[Olympic Games|olympic]] contestant in 2000, winner of the 2002 [[French Open]], (born 1975)
*[[Leandre Cristòfol]] - artist, pioneer of [[Surrealism|Surrealist]] sculpture in [[Catalonia]] (1908-1998)
*[[José Espasa Anguera]] - founder of the precursor of Espasa-Calpe and [[Enciclopedia Espasa]] (1840-1911)
*[[Adolf Florensa]] - architect, urban planner who worked for various governments during the 20th century directing the restoration of [[Ciutat Vella]] in [[Barcelona]].
*[[Miguel Ángel Gallardo]] - underground comic book artist, especially known for his controversial comic series ''[[Makoki (comic series)|Makoki]]'', published in the Spanish magazine [[El Víbora]].
*[[Indíbil]] (''Indibilis'', ''Andobales'') king of the [[Ilergetes]] (3rd century BC).
*[[Lorena (singer)|Lorena]], singer, winner of the 5th series of Spanish [[Fame Academy]], [[Operación Triunfo]].
*[[Enrique Granados]] - [[Romanticism|Romantic]] composer (1867-1917)
*[[Mari Pau Huguet]] - Catalan [[TV personality]], [[TV3 (Catalonia)|TV3]] presenter.
*[[Bojan Krkic]] - (born 1990) football player.
*[[Josep Lladonosa]] - historian (1907-1990)
*[[Mercè Mor]] - dancer.
*[[Jaume Morera]] - Artist (1854-1927)
*[[Joan Oró]] - biochemist whose research has been of importance in understanding the origin of life, received several international honours for his work. (1923–2004)
*[[Manuel del Palacio]] - Satirist, journalist (1831-1906)
*[[Josep Pernau]] - journalist, satyrist (born 1930)
*[[Araceli Segarra]] - mountaineer and model (born 1970)
*[[Salvador Seguí]], "El Noi del Sucre" - [[Anarchism|Anarchist]], secretary general of [[CNT]] in Catalonia, assassinated (1896-1923).
*[[Humbert Torres]] - Physician and politician, vicepresident of the [[Generalitat de Catalunya]], member of the Spanish Parliament.
*[[Màrius Torres]] - [[Symbolism|Symbolist]] poet (1910-1942)
*[[Jaume Ulled]] - stage actor (born 1978)
*[[Josep Vallverdú]] - writer (born 1923)
*[[Salvador Vázquez de Parga]] - essayist, comic book historian (born 1934)
*[[Ricardo Viñes]] - Classical pianist and composer (1875-1943)
==Landmarks==
[[Image:Lleida-25 riu Segre.jpg|thumb|River Segre in Lleida]]
*[[Seu Vella]] - a Cathedral built in a blend of [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] and [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] styles over the time, and made a military fortress in the 18th century and the older ''Palau de la Suda'', both over the so-called ''Turó de la Seu'', a medium-sized hill.
*[[Seu Nova]] - the baroque Cathedral used since [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] rule. It was burnt during the [[Spanish Civil War]] by the [[anarchist]]s commanded by [[Durruti]].
*[[Institut d'Estudis Ilerdencs]], used to be a hospital (''Antic Hospital de Santa Maria'') built in a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] style, but nowadays it is an historical museum and research centre open to visitors.
*[[La Paeria]] - the city council and also, a historical site with remains and pieces of art from [[Rome|Roman]] times, to the [[Moorish]] rule, to [[Mediaeval]] and [[Modern age|Modern]] times, including a prison.
*[[Gardeny]] - A hill that hosts a fortress built between the 12th and 13th centuries. Used by the [[Knights Templar]] in the [[Middle Ages]] after the area was given to them by [[Ramon Berenguer IV]].
*The gardens known as [[Camps Elisis]], already used by the [[Rome|Romans]]
*The [[Bishop of Lleida]]'s Palace on [[Rambla d'Aragó]] also serves as an art museum showing pieces included in the styles spanning from [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] to [[Baroque]].
*[[El Roser]]
*[[Lleida Public Library]], on [[Rambla d'Aragó]], hosted in the building previously known as [[La Maternitat]], a mid-19th century [[orphanage]].
*[[Museum of Lleida]]
*Other museums: ''[[Sala Cristòfol]]'', ''[[Sala Mercat del Pla]]'', ''[[Museu Morera]]'', ''[[Centre d'Art de la Panera]]'', ''[[Museu de l'Aigua]]''.
==Sports==
Lleida has been always a city with great sport tradition. Probably the most famous sport at the present time is basketball, because the club of basketball of the city a few years ago ascended to the ACB, being the revelation team in the league, this caused a lot of boys and girls to become fond of this little well-known sport.
* [[UE Lleida|Unió Esportiva Lleida]]
* [[Club Esportiu Lleida Basquetbol]]
* [[Lleida Llista Blava]]
==Sister cities==
Lleida has [[Town twinning|sister relationships]] with many places worldwide:
<ref>{{cite web
| title = Viles agermanades - Lleida | Perpignan la Catalane
| work = mairie-perpignan.fr
| url = http://www.mairie-perpignan.fr/index.php?np=909&lg=CA
| Language = French
| accessdate = 2007-10-01
}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web
| title = INFO POINT EUROPA. Ajuntament de Lleida.La UE i Lleida
| work = infopoint.paeria.es
| url = http://infopoint.paeria.es/temes_clau/UE_Lleida.htm
| Language = Catalan
| accessdate = 2007-10-01
}}</ref>
[[Image:Lleida-Udl5.jpg|thumb|University of Lleida]]
* [[Image:Flag of Italy.svg|20px]] '''[[Ferrara]]''', [[Italy]].
* [[Image:Flag of France.svg|20px]] '''[[Foix]]''', [[France]].
* [[Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] '''[[Hefei]]''', [[China]].
* [[Image:Flag of Colombia.svg|20px]] '''[[Lerida, Tolima|Lérida]]''', [[Colombia]].
* [[Image:Flag of France.svg|20px]] '''[[Perpignan]]''', [[Northern Catalonia]], [[France]]
==See also==
* [[University of Lleida]]
* [[Diocese of Lleida]], [[Bishop of Lleida]].
* [[Talarn Dam]]
* [[Volta a Lleida]]
* [[Battle of Ilerda]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons|Lleida}}
*[http://www.paeria.es/ Official web site of the city council of Lleida]
*[http://www.udl.es/ Website of the University of Lleida]
*[http://www.lleidatur.com/ Tourism information of Lleida]
*[http://cat.lleida.com/ Internet Portal of the town]
*[http://www.unioesportivalleida.com/ Unió Esportiva Lleida]
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[[Category:Lleida]]
[[Category:Ancient mints]]
[[Category:Municipalities in Lleida]]
[[Category:Roman sites in Spain]]
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