Louis Nicolas Vauquelin 191850 221454083 2008-06-24T15:50:48Z Attilios 428795 Quick-adding category "People from Basse-Normandie" (using [[WP:HOTCAT|HotCat]]) {{Infobox Scientist |name = Louis Nicolas Vauquelin |box_width = |image =Louis_Nicolas_Vauquelin.jpg |image_width =150px |caption = [[France|French]] [[pharmacist]] & [[chemist]] |birth_date = {{birth date|1763|5|16|mf=y}} |birth_place = [[Saint-André-d'Hébertot]], [[Normandy]],[[France]] |death_date = {{death date and age|1829|11|14|1763|5|16|mf=y}} |death_place = [[Saint-André-d'Hébertot]], [[Normandy]],[[France]] |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = [[France|French]] |ethnicity = |field = [[pharmacology]]<br/>[[chemistry]] |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = [[beryllium]]<br/>[[chromium]] |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} '''Louis Nicolas Vauquelin''' ([[May 16]], [[1763]] - [[November 14]], [[1829]]), was a [[France|French]] [[pharmacist]] and [[chemist]]. ==Early life== Vauquelin was born at [[Saint-André-d'Hébertot]] in [[Normandy]], France. His first acquaintance with chemistry was gained as laboratory assistant to an apothecary in [[Rouen]] ([[1777]]-[[1779]]), and after various vicissitudes he obtained an introduction to [[Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy|A.F. Fourcroy]], in whose laboratory he was an assistant from [[1783]] to [[1791]]. Moving to Paris, he became a laboratory assistant at the Jardin du Roi and was befriended by a professor of chemistry. In [[1791]] he was made a member of the Academy of Sciences and from that time he helped to edit the journal ''Annales de Chimie'' ''(Chemical [[annals]])'', although he left the country for a while during the height of the [[French Revolution]]. In 1798 Vauquelin discovered Beryllium by extracting it from an emerald by reducing the Beryllium Chloride with the mix of potassium in a platinum crucible. ==Contributions to chemistry and discoverer of a chemical element== At first his work appeared as that of his master and patron, then in their joint names; in [[1790]] he began to publish on his own, and between that year and [[1833]] his name is associated with 376 papers. Most of these were simple records of patient and laborious analytical operations, and it is perhaps surprising that among all the substances he analysed he only detected two new elements, [[beryllium]] in [[1798]] in beryl and [[chromium]] in [[1797]] in a red lead ore from [[Siberia]]. He also managed to get liquid [[ammonia]] at atmospheric pressure. Either together or successively he held the offices of inspector of mines, professor at the School of Mines and at the Polytechnic School, assayer of gold and silver articles, professor of chemistry in the College de France and at the [[Jardin des Plantes]], member of the Council of Industry and Commerce, commissioner on the pharmacy laws, and finally professor of chemistry to the Medical Faculty, to which he succeeded on Fourcroy's death in 1809. His lectures, which were supplemented with practical laboratory teaching, were attended by many chemists who subsequently attained distinction. ==Final achievements, days and legacy== From [[1809]] he was professor at the [[University of Paris]]. He was elected to the [[Chamber of Deputies]] in [[1828]]. In [[1806]], working with [[asparagus]], he isolated the amino acid [[asparagine]], the first one to be discovered. He also discovered [[pectin]] and [[malic acid]] in [[apples]], and isolated [[camphoric acid]] and [[quinic acid]]. His death occurred while he was on a visit to his birthplace. Among his best known works is ''"Manuel de l'essayeur"'' (Manual of the experimental). The plant genus ''[[Vauquelinia]]'' is named in his honor, as is the [[Vauquelin]], an egg white foam associated with [[molecular gastronomy]]. ==References== * {{cite web|title=Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829)|work=Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829)|url=http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/biog/b0035.html|accessmonthday=September 3 |accessyear=2005}} * {{cite web|title=Catholic Encyclopedia: Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin|work=Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15315b.htm|accessmonthday=September 3 |accessyear=2005}} * {{cite web|title=Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas|work=Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas|url=http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/V/Vauquelin/1.html|accessmonthday=September 4 |accessyear=2005}} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:2664360 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2664360 |last=Kyle |first=R A |last2=Shampo |first2=M A |publication-date=1989 Jun |year=[[1989]] |title=Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin--discoverer of chromium. |volume=64 |issue=6 |periodical=Mayo Clin. Proc. |pages=643 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:14283607 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14283607 |last=WILLIAMS-ASHMAN |first=H G |publication-date=1965 May |year=[[1965]] |title=NICOLAS LOUIS VAUQUELIN (1763-1829). |volume=2 |issue= |periodical=Investigative urology |pages=605-13 }} {{1911}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas}} [[Category:1763 births]] [[Category:1829 deaths]] [[Category:French chemists]] [[Category:Discoverers of chemical elements]] [[Category:People from Basse-Normandie]] [[ca:Louis Nicolas Vauquelin]] [[de:Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin]] [[fr:Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin]] [[it:Louis Nicolas Vauquelin]] [[nl:Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin]] [[ja:ルイ=ニコラ・ヴォークラン]] [[pl:Louis Nicolas Vauquelin]] [[pt:Louis Nicolas Vauquelin]] [[ru:Воклен, Луи Никола]] [[sq:Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin]]