Lubin
75160
222641600
2008-06-30T11:51:31Z
Kotniski
5017767
{{distinguish|Lubens}}
{{see also|Lubin, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship}}
{{Infobox Settlement
| name = Lubens
| image_skyline = Lubin01.JPG
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = Town Hall
| image_flag = POL Lubin flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Lubin COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Lower Silesian]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lubin County]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = Lubin <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Robert Raczyński
| established_title = Established
| established_date = [[12th century]]
| established_title3 = City rights
| established_date3 = 1295
| area_total_km2 = 40.77
| population_as_of = 2006
| population_total = 76595
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| latd = 51 | latm = 24 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 16 | longm = 12 | longs = | longEW = E
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 59-300
| area_code = +48 76
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = DLU
| website = http://www.lubin.pl }}
'''Lubin''' [{{IPA-pl|'|l|u|b|i|n}}] ([[German language|German]]: ''Lüben'') is a town in south-western [[Poland]], on the [[Zimnica River]]. As of the [[2004]] [[census]], the town had a total population of 77,625.
Lubin is situated in [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]] (from 1975–1998 it was in the former [[Legnica Voivodeship]]). Lubin is the seat of [[Lubin County]], and also of the rural district called [[Gmina Lubin]] (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town forms a separate urban [[gmina]]).
The third-largest Polish corporation, [[KGHM Polska Miedź]], has its headquarters in Lubin.
==History==
Lubin developed out of two historical settlements. According to legend the [[voivode]] [[Piotr Włostowic]] of [[Dunin]] (1080-1153) had the [[fieldstone church]] built on the hill in the west of Lubin, where about 1230 a [[castellany]] and a village arose that until today is called the ''Old Town'' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: Stary Lubin). This settlement was first mentioned under the [[Old Polish]] name of ''Lubin'' in a 1267 deed by [[Pope Clement IV]] as a [[fiefdom]] of the [[Trzebnica]] [[abbey]]. The New Town of what is today Lubin was probably founded about [[1280]] by [[Ostsiedlung|German settlers]], maybe from the [[Low Countries]] or [[Franconia]], within the [[Duchy]] of [[Ścinawa]]. It obtained its [[Magdeburg rights|city]] rights about [[1295]]. From [[1331]] it belonged to the [[Bohemia]]n crown and shared the political fortunes of [[Silesia]]. In [[1742]] it became a part of [[Prussia]]. In [[1871]] it was connected by rail to [[Legnica]] and [[Głogów]]. During [[World War II]] about 70% of the city's buildings were destroyed. In 1945 between the days of 8-10 February [[Red Army]] soldiers mass-murdered 150 pensioners in an old-people's home and 500 psychiatric hospital patients in Lubin<ref>[http://www.ipn.gov.pl/biuletyn/4/biuletyn4_51.html]{{Dead link|date=March 2008}}</ref>. As a result of the decisions taken at the [[Potsdam Conference]], the city became a part of Poland and the German population was [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]] and replaced by Poles, many of them expelees themselves from areas of [[Kresy|eastern Poland]] annexed by the Soviet Union. In [[1982]] the town saw significant demonstrations against the [[Martial law in Poland|martial law]] declared by the Communist regime, which were put down by security units, resulting in the deaths of three people<ref>[http://www.lubin82.pl/index.html Lubin 1982 - wydarzenia z 31 sierpnia 1982, stan wojenny, fotografie - Solidarność, historia współczesna, historia stanu wojennego, ZOMO, milicja, podziemie, władza ludowa, demonstracja, opozycja, Michał Adamowicz, Andrzej Trajkowski, Mieczysławie Poźniak, ofiary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,951804,00.html Defiance in the Streets - TIME<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.
== Education ==
* [[Uczelnia Zawodowa Zagłębia Miedziowego]]
==Sports==
* [[Zagłębie Lubin]] - men's football team, champion of Poland in [[1990]]/[[1991]] and [[Orange Ekstraklasa 2006/2007|2006/2007]].
* [[Interferie Zagłębie Lubin]] - men's [[Handball in Poland|handball]] team playing in [[Polish Ekstraklasa Men's Handball League]] (champion of Poland in season [[2006]]/[[2007]]) and women's [[Handball in Poland|handball]] team playing in [[Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League]].
== Transport ==
Roads:
No. 3 (International E65) - Jakuszyce-Legnica-Lubin-Zielona Góra-Gorzów Wielkopolski-Szczecin-Świnoujście
No. 36 - Rawicz-Lubin-Prochowice(-Wrocław)
Lubin has an international [[Lubin-Obora Airport|airport]] with a 1000m concrete/asphalt runway.
== References ==
<references/>
==External links==
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*[http://www.lubin.pl/ Official Lubin website]
*[http://galeria.lubin.pl/ Photo Gallery - Lubin and Zaglebie]
*[http://www.lubin82.pl/index_eng.html Lubin Iniquity 1982]
*[http://www.zaglebie-lubin.pl/ Zaglebie Lubin football club]
{{Commons|Lubin}}
{{Lubin County}}
{{Gmina Lubin}}
{{coor title dm|51|24|N|16|12|E|}}
[[Category:Settlements established in the 12th century]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
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