Lund
1019389
222614503
2008-06-30T07:38:30Z
Jonstephens
3937875
/* External links */
{{Infobox City
|official_name = Lund
|native_name =
|motto = Idéernas stad (Eng: The city of ideas)
|image_shield = Lunds stadsvapen.png
|image_map =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Sweden
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Sweden]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Lund Municipality]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Skåne County]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Scania]]
|area_footnotes = <ref name="scb">{{cite web |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2000 och 2005 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |url=http://www.scb.se/statistik/MI/MI0810/2005A01B/T%E4torternami0810tab1.xls |format=xls |language=Swedish |accessdate=2008-05-15}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 24.99
|population_as_of = 2007-12-31
|population_footnotes = <ref name="scb"/>
|population_total = 105,286
|population_density_km2 = 3049
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|latd=55 |latm=42 |lats= |latNS=N
|longd=13 |longm=12 |longs= |longEW=E
|website = [http://www.lund.se/ www.lund.se]
}}
{{otheruses}}
'''{{Audio|Sv-Lund.ogg|Lund}}''' ({{pronounced|lɵnd}}) is a [[City status in Sweden|city]] in [[Skåne]], southern [[Sweden]]. The town has 105,286 (as of 2007)<ref>http://www.scb.se/templates/tableOrChart____228185.asp Database of all societies in Sweden</ref> inhabitants and is the seat of [[Lund Municipality]], [[Skåne County]]. The city is believed to have been founded around [[990]], when the [[Scanian lands]] belonged to [[Denmark]]. It soon became the [[Christianity|Christian]] center of [[Northern Europe]] with an [[archbishop]] and with the towering [[Lund Cathedral]], built in 1103.
[[Lund University]], established 1666, is today one of [[Scandinavia]]'s largest institutions for education and research.<ref name="solander">[http://www.solander.lu.se/LU.html Lund University], ''The Solander Program'' Website</ref><ref name="oeacademy">[http://www.oeacademy.org/content/blogcategory/4/11/lang,en/ Universities in the Øresund Region], ''Øresund Entrepreneurship Academy'' Website</ref><ref name="LU">[http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s/452 Welcome to Lund University]</ref>
==History==
[[Image:Lund domkyrkan2007.jpg|200px|left|thumb|[[Lund Cathedral]]]]
Lund's origins are unclear. Until recently, the town was thought to have been founded by King [[Canute the Great]] of [[Denmark]] around 1020. However, recent [[Archaeology|archaeological]] discoveries suggest that the first settlement was founded around [[990]], at the present site of the village of [[Uppåkra]]. It was later moved to its present location, by King [[Sweyn I Forkbeard]]. The distance moved was only some five kilometres, but the new location of Lund, on a hill and on the other side of a [[ford (crossing)|ford]], gave the new site considerable defensive advantages in comparison with Uppåkra, which is situated on the highest point of a rather large plain.
The city was made a [[episcopal see|see]] in 1048 and united with [[Dalby, Skåne, Sweden|Dalby]] in 1060,<ref>{{CathEncy|wstitle=Lund }}</ref> and in 1103 became the seat of the [[archbishop]] for [[Scandinavia]]. The diocese of nearby [[Dalby (Skåne)|Dalby]] was absorbed in 1066. [[Lund Cathedral]] was similarly founded in or shortly after 1103. In 1152, the [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[archdiocese]] of [[Nidaros]] was founded as a separate province of the church, independent of Lund. In 1164 Sweden also acquired an archbishop of its own, although he was nominally subordinate to the archbishop of Lund. It is still, as the [[diocese of Lund]], a diocese in the [[Church of Sweden]].
[[Image:Stora Sigridsgatan, Lund.JPG|200px|right|thumb| A street in the old part of the town]]
[[Lund Cathedral School]] ''(Katedralskolan)'' was founded in 1085 by the [[Denmark|Danish]] king [[Canute the Saint of Denmark|Canute the Saint]]. This is the oldest school in [[Scandinavia]] and one of the oldest in Northern Europe. Many well-known people have attended it, among them actor [[Max von Sydow]] and several high-ranking [[politician]]s.
In 1658, the [[Scanian lands]] were ceded by [[Denmark]] to Sweden by the [[Treaty of Roskilde]]. On [[December 4]] [[1676]] Lund was defended in the [[Battle of Lund]], one of the bloodiest battles fought in [[Scandinavia]].
[[Lund University]], established in 1666, is Sweden's largest with 41,000 full or part-time [[Student nation|students]], though not all actually live in Lund. The figure includes [[Lund Institute of Technology]], which is to some extent independent of the old University. As late as the 1940s, Lund was a relatively small city with few large-scale industries, covering only about a fourth of the current urban area and was dominated by the Cathedral and the University. Since then, the student population has increased about twelvefold, many industrial companies in the chemical, [[medical]] or [[electronics]] branches and, more recently, within information management, have set up establishments in the city, and the town's population, architecture and pulse has been transformed.
Compared with many other Swedish cities, the urban heart of Lund is well preserved. A local law requires any downtown property that is due to be demolished and rebuilt to be archaeologically excavated.
== Geography ==
Lund is located in [[Sweden]]'s largest [[agricultural]] district, in the southwest of [[Scania]], less than ten kilometres from the sandy shore of the [[Öresund]] Straits and about 16 kilometres as big as altafs. From the top of the hill ''Sankt Hans Backar'' it is possible to see [[Copenhagen]], the [[capital]] of [[Denmark]]. It is therefore some distance from other Swedish cities, about 250 kilometers to [[Gothenburg]], 600 to [[Stockholm]] and about 1200 to [[Umeå]].
The city of [[Malmö]], on the other hand, is only about 15 kilometers away.
== Architecture ==
During the 12th and 13th centuries, when the town was the seat of the archbishop, many churches and monasteries were built. At its peak, Lund had 27 churches, but most of them were demolished as result of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]] in 1536. Several medieval buildings remain, including [[Lund Cathedral]], [[Liberiet]], the restaurant [[Stäket (Lund)|Stäket]] and parts of the [[Katedralskolan, Lund|Cathedral School]]. [[Timber framing]] is characteristic of the houses built up to the end of the 19th century, for example the ''Wickmanska gården.''
Most of the central buildings in Lund date from the late 19th century, when small houses were replaced by multi-storey ones. Notable buildings built during this period include the [[University Library (Lund)|University Library]] (1902), [[Grand Hotel (Lund)|Grand Hotel]] (1899) and the [[Lund University main building|University Main Building]] (1882).
<gallery>
Image:Lunds universitet.jpg|[[Lund University main building]]
Image:Universitetsbiblioteket 080508.jpg|[[University Library (Lund)|The University Library]]
Image:Liberiet, 2004c.jpg|[[Liberiet]]
Image:Grand Hotel, Lund.jpg|[[Grand Hotel (Lund)|Grand Hotel]]
Image:Katedralskolan lund.JPG|[[Katedralskolan, Lund|The Cathedral School]]
image:Wickmanska gården, Lund.jpg|Wickmanska gården
</gallery>
== Transportation ==
=== Major roads ===
Lund has been connected to the motorway network since 1953 when the [[European route E22|E22]], the first motorway in Sweden, was built round the edge of the town. There are also other connections to most major roads in the area, for example the [[European route E6|E6]] via Riksväg 16, and the Länsväg 108 which connects to the [[European route E65|E65]].[[Image:lunds centralstation2007.jpg|thumb|Lund train station]]
=== Railways and public transport ===
Lund has been on the main railway line between Malmö and Stockholm since 1857. Today there are direct connections to Copenhagen and Helsingør via the [[Öresund Bridge]]. This connection is mainly served by the Öresundståg, maintained by DSB, the [[Danske Statsbaner]] in Denmark and [[Skånetrafiken]] in Scania, as well as by [[SJ AB|SJ]] in the rest of Sweden. Local traffic is managed by the two-coach electric multiple units [[Pågatåg]], which provide connections to many destinations in Scania. Because of Lund's central position, it is possible to travel to the three largest cities in Sweden without having to change trains.
Public transport within Lund is all operated by [[Skånetrafiken]]{{Fact|date=June 2007}} and consists of buses which connect around 400 bus stops together with 11 bus lines served by a fleet of 40 [[Mercedes Citaro]]{{Fact|date=June 2007}} running on [[compressed natural gas]] and a few smaller buses using [[diesel]].
=== Airports ===
Lund is located very close to [[Malmö-Sturup Airport]] which is mainly used for domestic flights. [[Kastrup]] the airport for [[Copenhagen]] is often used for longer international flights, and is about 45 minutes from Lund. There is also a very small airstrip, [[Hasslanda Flygfält]], to the south of Lund, mainly used for private and charter flights.
== Culture ==
[[Image:Majsång på Lunds universitets trappa 2005.jpg|thumb|right|Lund University Male Voice Choir at the Lund University main building on the 1st of May 2005]]
The culture in Lund is characterized by the large student population and the student traditions. A lot of the nightlife is located to [[student nations]]. The city is currently applying for getting [[European Capital of Culture]] in 2014.
Lund also has a city theatre and a few other places for concerts and theatres.
Lund hosts the largest museum in the area of [[Scania]], Kulturen. Kulturen is the second oldest [[open-air museum]] in the world and consists of more than 30 buildings. The museum was founded in 1892 by Georg Karlin. Today the museum often hosts different exhibitions and its visitors can experience how Swedish people lived and worked throughout the centuries.<ref>http://www.kulturen.com/ettan.asp</ref>
=== Literature and art ===
Classical writers who have lived in Lund at some time include [[August Strindberg]], [[Esaias Tegnér]], [[Ola Hansson]], [[Axel Lundegård]], [[Anders Östling]], [[Bengt Lidforss]], and [[Vilhelm Ekelund]].
=== Lundakarnevalen (The Lund carnival) ===
The Lund [[carnival]] is held every fourth year since 1849, arranged by the students at [[Lund university]]. Some students dress up in costumes, often relating to and poking fun at current issues, and parade in wagons. Others perform humorous skits in the evenings.
== Sports ==
Lund is not a notable center for sports except for [[handball]], where it has two teams in the top league: [[H43]] and [[LUGI]]. It has also a chess team, [[Lunds ASK]], that for decades has been among the top teams in Sweden. Lund is also the birth place of the online football manager game [[Hattrick]].
==Industry ==
Lund is a center of [[high tech]] companies such as [[Sony Ericsson]] and [[Ericsson Mobile Platforms]], and other [[telecommunication]] companies. The [[Lund Institute of Technology]] has historical connections with the industrial life. There is even a [[business park]] within Lund, ''Ideon'', for high tech companies that have ties to the university.
Other important industries include medical technology ([[Gambro]]), [[pharmaceuticals]] ([[Astra Zeneca]]), biotechnology ([[Active Biotech]], among others), ([[Alfa Laval]]) and publishing and library services. The hospital and the university in Lund are two other big employers, with extensive research facilities.
Lund is also home to the [[Tetra Pak]] company that manufactures and markets paper packaging and equipment for milk, orange [[juice]] etc. all over the world.
==Twin cities==
Lund has a twin city in each of the Nordic countries, as well as in other countries.<ref name="twin">[http://www.lund.se/templates/Page____2731.aspx Lund Municipality homepage, twin cities]</ref>
*{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]], [[Denmark]]
*{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Hamar]], [[Norway]]
*{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Porvoo]], [[Finland]]
*{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Dalvík]], [[Iceland]]
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Nevers]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} [[León, Nicaragua|León]], [[Nicaragua]]
*{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Greifswald]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Zabrze]], [[Poland]]
== Education ==
*[[Lund University]]
*[[Lund Institute of Technology]]
*[[Lund School of Economics and Management]]
*[[Royal Swedish Physiographic Society]]
== Notable natives ==
*[[Timbuktu (artist)|Timbuktu]] (Jason Diakité)
*[[Max von Sydow]]
*[[Elin Wägner]]
*[[Måns Zelmerlöw]]
*[[Martin Dahlin]]
*[[Roger Ljung]]
*[[Linus Thörnblad]]
*[[Joachim Johansson]]
*[[John Eckerdal]]
== See also ==
* [[Lund Principle]], an important principle in ecumenical relations between Christian churches.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.lund.se/ Lunds Kommun] - Official site (Swedish)
* [http://www.lund.se/default____1799.aspx Lund Municipality] - Official site (English)
* [http://www.visitlund.se/ Visitlund.se] Tourist information
{{Cities in Sweden}}
{{Localities in Lund Municipality}}
{{coor title dm|55|42|N|13|12|E|region:SE_type:city}}
[[Category:Lund| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Sweden]]
[[Category:Swedish municipal seats]]
[[Category:Viking Age settlements]]
[[Category:Settlements established in the 10th century]]
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