MALT lymphoma 3394594 225732801 2008-07-15T03:33:25Z WhatamIdoing 1998764 /* Epidemiology */ new section {{Infobox_Disease | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Image = Gastric MALT lymphoma 2.jpg | Caption = Endoscopic image of gastric MALT lymphoma taken in body of [[stomach]] in patient who presented with [[upper gastrointestinal bleed|upper GI hemorrhage]]. Appearance is similar to [[gastric ulcer]] with adherent clot. | DiseasesDB = 31339 | ICD10 = | ICD9 = | ICDO = 9699/3 | OMIM = 604860 | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = | eMedicineTopic = | MeshID = D018442 | }} '''MALT lymphoma''' is a form of [[lymphoma]] involving the [[mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue]] (MALT), frequently of the [[stomach]], but virtually any mucosal site can be afflicted. It is a [[cancer]] originating from [[B cell]]s in the [[marginal zone]] of the MALT. == Associations == Gastric MALT lymphoma is frequently associated (72-98%) with chronic [[inflammation]] as a result of the presence of ''[[Helicobacter pylori]]''. <ref>{{cite journal | author = Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, Gelb A, Warnke R, Jellum E, Orentreich N, Vogelman J, Friedman G | title = Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 330 | issue = 18 | pages = 1267–71 | year = 1994 | pmid = 8145781 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199405053301803}}</ref> The initial diagnosis is made by [[biopsy]] of suspicious lesions on [[esophagogastroduodenoscopy]] (EGD, upper endoscopy). Simultaneous tests for ''H. pylori'' are also done to detect the presence of this microbe. In other sites, chronic immune stimulation is also suspected in the pathogenesis (e.g. association between chronic [[autoimmune diseases]] such as [[Sjögren's syndrome]] and [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]], and MALT lymphoma of the [[salivary gland]] and the [[thyroid]]). == Treatment == If the disease is limited to the stomach (which is assessed with [[computed tomography]]), then 70-80% of patients will have a complete regression on treatment with [[antibiotic]] eradication of ''H. pylori''. <ref>{{cite journal | author = Bayerdörffer E, Neubauer A, Rudolph B, Thiede C, Lehn N, Eidt S, Stolte M | title = Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. MALT Lymphoma Study Group. | journal = Lancet | volume = 345 | issue = 8965 | pages = 1591–4 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7783535 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90113-2}}</ref> Others may be effectively controlled with the use of radiotherapy, or surgery. Both modalities may be curative in localized disease. In contrast, if the disease has spread or has been [[refractory]] on antibiotics, [[chemotherapy]] may need to be considered. A t(11;18)(q21;q21) [[chromosomal translocation]], giving rise to a ''AP12-MLT'' fusion gene, is predictive of poor response to eradication therapy. <ref>{{cite journal | author = Liu H, Ruskon-Fourmestraux A, Lavergne-Slove A, Ye H, Molina T, Bouhnik Y, Hamoudi R, Diss T, Dogan A, Megraud F, Rambaud J, Du M, Isaacson P | title = Resistance of t(11;18) positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. | journal = Lancet | volume = 357 | issue = 9249 | pages = 39–40 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11197361 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03571-6}}</ref> Two other [[Genetics|genetic]] alterations, t(1;14)(p22;q32) and t(14;18)(q32;q21), which deregulate [[BCL10]] and [[MALT1]]-genes respectively, and seem to turn-on the same pathway as API2-MLT (i.e., that of [[NF-kB]]). ==Epidemiology== Of all [[lymphoproliferative disorders|cancers involving the same class of blood cell]], 8% of cases are MALT lymphomas.<ref name="isbn0-7817-5007-5">{{cite book |author=Turgeon, Mary Louise |title=Clinical hematology: theory and procedures |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=2005 |pages=283 |isbn=0-7817-5007-5 |quote=Frequency of lymphoid neoplasms. (Source: Modified from WHO Blue Book on Tumour of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 2001, p. 2001.) }}</ref> == References == <references/> {{Hematological malignancy histology}} [[Category:Hematology]] [[Category:Types of cancer]] [[de:MALT-Lymphom]]