Machine 51462 225917621 2008-07-16T00:29:57Z Chamal N 6928581 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/75.69.186.162|75.69.186.162]] identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by [[User:Ainlina|Ainlina]]. using [[WP:TWINKLE|TW]] {{Original research|date=March 2008}} {{otheruses4|devices that perform tasks|other uses|Machine (disambiguation)}} [[Image:USDA windmills.jpg|right|thumb|Wind turbines]] The scientific definition of a "machine" (derived from the Latin ''machina'') is any device that is not a computer that transmits or modifies [[energy]]. In common usage, the meaning is that of devices having parts that perform or assist in performing any type of work (cf [[Concise Oxford Dictionary]]). Machines normally require some energy source ("input") and always accomplish some sort of [[mechanical work|work]] ("output"). Devices with no rigid moving parts can be considered [[tool]]s. A machine is anything that makes work easier. People have used [[mechanisms]] to, or transform one form of [[motion (physics)|motion]] or energy into another. The [[mechanical advantage]] of a [[simple machine]] is the [[ratio]] between the force it exerts on the load and the input force applied. This does not entirely describe the machine's performance, as force is required to overcome [[friction]] as well. The [[mechanical efficiency]] of a machine is the ratio of the [[actual mechanical advantage]] (AMA) to the [[ideal mechanical advantage]] (IMA). Functioning physical machines are always less than 100% efficient. Modern power tools, [[automation|automated]] machine tools, and human-operated power machinery are tools that are also machines. Machines used to transform [[heat]] or other energy into mechanical energy are known as [[engine]]s. ''Compound machines'' are composed of more elementary machines called ''[[simple machine]]s'', such as the [[wedge]] and the [[pulley]]. Machines are considered simple machines if they perform their action in one movement. These devices may also be used to support [[Industry|industrial]] applications, although devices entirely lacking rigid moving parts are not commonly considered machines. Hydraulics are widely used in heavy equipment industries, [[automobile]] industries, [[Marine (ocean)|marine]] industries, [[Aeronautics|aeronautical]] industries, [[construction equipment]] industries, and [[Engineering vehicle|earthmoving]] equipment industries. {{commonscat|Machines}} == Types of machines and other devices == {| class="wikitable" |+'''Types of machines and other devices''' | rowspan="1" | [[Simple machine]]s || [[Inclined plane]], [[Wheel and axle]], [[Lever]], [[Pulley]], [[Wedge (mechanics)|Wedge]], [[Screw (simple machine)|Screw]] <!-- 'Simple machine' has a rather precise meaning - and that is the complete list - don't add to it! --> |- | rowspan="1" | Mechanical components || [[Axle]], [[Bearing (mechanical)|Bearings]], [[Belt (mechanical)|Belts]], [[Bucket (machine part)|Bucket]], [[Fastener]], [[Gear]], [[Key (lock)|Key]], [[Link chain]]s, [[Rack and pinion]], [[Roller chain]]s, [[Rope]], [[Seal (mechanical)|Seals]], [[Spring (device)|Spring]], [[Wheel]], |- | rowspan="1" | [[Clock]] || [[Atomic clock]], [[Chronometer]], [[Pendulum clock]], [[Quartz clock]] |- | rowspan="1" | [[Gas compressor|Compressors]] and [[Pump]]s || [[Archimedes screw]], [[Eductor-jet pump]], [[Hydraulic ram]], [[Pump]], [[Tuyau]], [[Vacuum pump]] |- | rowspan="2" | [[Heat engine]]s || [[External combustion engine]]s || [[Steam engine]], [[Stirling engine]] |- | [[Internal combustion engine]]s || [[Reciprocating engine]] |- | rowspan="1" | [[Linkage (mechanical)|Linkages]] || [[Pantograph]], [[Peaucellier-Lipkin linkage|Peaucellier-Lipkin]] |- | rowspan="1" | [[Turbine]] || [[Gas turbine]], Jet engine, [[Steam turbine]], [[Water turbine]], [[Wind generator]], [[Windmill]] (Air turbine) |- | rowspan="1" | [[Airfoil|Aerofoil]] || [[Sail]], [[Wing]], [[Rudder]], [[Flap]], [[Propeller]] |- |- | [[Electronics]] || [[Transistor]], [[Diode]], [[Capacitor]], [[Resistor]], [[Inductor]] |- | rowspan="1" | [[Biology|Biological machines]] || [[Virus]], [[Bacterium]], [[Cell (biology)]], [[Plant]] and [[animal]], ]] |- | rowspan="1" | Miscellaneous || [[Robot]], [[Vending machine]], [[Wind tunnel]],[[Check weigher| Check weighing machines]] |- |} ==References== #{{cite book | first = Erik | last = Oberg | coauthors = Franklin D. Jones, Holbrook L. Horton, and Henry H. Ryffel | year = 2000 | title = '''[[Machinery's Handbook]]''' | editor = ed. Christopher J. McCauley, Riccardo Heald, and Muhammed Iqbal Hussain | edition = 26th edition | publisher = Industrial Press Inc. | location = New York | id = ISBN 0-8311-2635-3 }} [[az:Maşın]] [[bg:Машина]] [[ca:Màquina]] [[cs:Stroj]] [[da:Maskine]] [[de:Maschine]] [[et:Masin]] [[el:Μηχανή]] [[es:Máquina]] [[eo:Maŝino]] [[fr:Machine]] [[gl:Máquina]] [[ko:기계]] [[hr:Strojevi]] [[io:Mashino]] [[id:Mesin]] [[is:Vél]] [[it:Macchina]] [[he:מכונה]] [[la:Machina]] [[ms:Mesin]] [[nl:Machine]] [[ja:機械]] [[no:Maskin]] [[nn:Maskin]] [[pl:Maszyna]] [[pt:Máquina]] [[ru:Машина]] [[simple:Machine]] [[sk:Stroj]] [[sl:Stroj]] [[fi:Kone]] [[sv:Maskin]] [[tl:Makina]] [[ta:இயந்திரம்]] [[tr:Makine]] [[uk:Машина]] [[ur:آلہ]] [[wo:Wuutuloxo]] [[zh:機械]]