Machine
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Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/75.69.186.162|75.69.186.162]] identified as [[WP:VAND|vandalism]] to last revision by [[User:Ainlina|Ainlina]]. using [[WP:TWINKLE|TW]]
{{Original research|date=March 2008}}
{{otheruses4|devices that perform tasks|other uses|Machine (disambiguation)}}
[[Image:USDA windmills.jpg|right|thumb|Wind turbines]]
The scientific definition of a "machine" (derived from the Latin ''machina'') is any device that is not a computer that transmits or modifies [[energy]]. In common usage, the meaning is that of devices having parts that perform or assist in performing any type of work (cf [[Concise Oxford Dictionary]]). Machines normally require some energy source ("input") and always accomplish some sort of [[mechanical work|work]] ("output"). Devices with no rigid moving parts can be considered [[tool]]s.
A machine is anything that makes work easier.
People have used [[mechanisms]] to, or transform one form of [[motion (physics)|motion]] or energy into another.
The [[mechanical advantage]] of a [[simple machine]] is the [[ratio]] between the force it exerts on the load and the input force applied. This does not entirely describe the machine's performance, as force is required to overcome [[friction]] as well. The [[mechanical efficiency]] of a machine is the ratio of the [[actual mechanical advantage]] (AMA) to the [[ideal mechanical advantage]] (IMA). Functioning physical machines are always less than 100% efficient.
Modern power tools, [[automation|automated]] machine tools, and human-operated power machinery are tools that are also machines. Machines used to transform [[heat]] or other energy into mechanical energy are known as [[engine]]s.
''Compound machines'' are composed of more elementary machines called ''[[simple machine]]s'', such as the [[wedge]] and the [[pulley]]. Machines are considered simple machines if they perform their action in one movement.
These devices may also be used to support [[Industry|industrial]] applications, although devices entirely lacking rigid moving parts are not commonly considered machines. Hydraulics are widely used in heavy equipment industries, [[automobile]] industries, [[Marine (ocean)|marine]] industries, [[Aeronautics|aeronautical]] industries, [[construction equipment]] industries, and [[Engineering vehicle|earthmoving]] equipment industries.
{{commonscat|Machines}}
== Types of machines and other devices ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Types of machines and other devices'''
| rowspan="1" | [[Simple machine]]s || [[Inclined plane]], [[Wheel and axle]], [[Lever]], [[Pulley]], [[Wedge (mechanics)|Wedge]], [[Screw (simple machine)|Screw]] <!-- 'Simple machine' has a rather precise meaning - and that is the complete list - don't add to it! -->
|-
| rowspan="1" | Mechanical components || [[Axle]], [[Bearing (mechanical)|Bearings]], [[Belt (mechanical)|Belts]], [[Bucket (machine part)|Bucket]], [[Fastener]], [[Gear]], [[Key (lock)|Key]], [[Link chain]]s, [[Rack and pinion]], [[Roller chain]]s, [[Rope]], [[Seal (mechanical)|Seals]], [[Spring (device)|Spring]], [[Wheel]],
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Clock]] || [[Atomic clock]], [[Chronometer]], [[Pendulum clock]], [[Quartz clock]]
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Gas compressor|Compressors]] and [[Pump]]s || [[Archimedes screw]], [[Eductor-jet pump]], [[Hydraulic ram]], [[Pump]], [[Tuyau]], [[Vacuum pump]]
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Heat engine]]s || [[External combustion engine]]s || [[Steam engine]], [[Stirling engine]]
|-
| [[Internal combustion engine]]s || [[Reciprocating engine]]
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Linkage (mechanical)|Linkages]] || [[Pantograph]], [[Peaucellier-Lipkin linkage|Peaucellier-Lipkin]]
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Turbine]] || [[Gas turbine]], Jet engine, [[Steam turbine]], [[Water turbine]], [[Wind generator]], [[Windmill]] (Air turbine)
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Airfoil|Aerofoil]] || [[Sail]], [[Wing]], [[Rudder]], [[Flap]], [[Propeller]]
|-
|-
| [[Electronics]] || [[Transistor]], [[Diode]], [[Capacitor]], [[Resistor]], [[Inductor]]
|-
| rowspan="1" | [[Biology|Biological machines]] || [[Virus]], [[Bacterium]], [[Cell (biology)]], [[Plant]] and [[animal]], ]]
|-
| rowspan="1" | Miscellaneous || [[Robot]], [[Vending machine]], [[Wind tunnel]],[[Check weigher| Check weighing machines]]
|-
|}
==References==
#{{cite book
| first = Erik
| last = Oberg
| coauthors = Franklin D. Jones, Holbrook L. Horton, and Henry H. Ryffel
| year = 2000
| title = '''[[Machinery's Handbook]]'''
| editor = ed. Christopher J. McCauley, Riccardo Heald, and Muhammed Iqbal Hussain
| edition = 26th edition
| publisher = Industrial Press Inc.
| location = New York
| id = ISBN 0-8311-2635-3
}}
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