Magazine 21001 225688034 2008-07-14T22:20:03Z 86.96.227.88 /* History */ {{unreferenced|date=June 2008}} {{otheruses1|the magazine as a published medium}} {{journalism}} '''Magazines''', '''periodicals''' or '''serials''' are [[publication]]s, generally published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of [[Article (publishing)|articles]], generally financed by [[advertising]], by a purchase price, or both. <!-- Ideally, we should say ", or purchased by readers." to identify that it is not an exclusive or (xor) --> ==Publication== [[Image:Zeitschriften.JPG|left|thumb|Magazines]] The various elements that contribute to the production of magazines vary wildly. Core elements such as publishing schedules, formats and target audiences are seemingly infinitely variable. Typically, magazines which focus primarily on current events, such as ''[[Newsweek]]'' or ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', are published weekly or biweekly. Magazines with a focus on specific interests, such as ''[[Life Positive]]'' and ''[[Cat Fancy (magazine)|Cat Fancy]]'', may be published less frequently, such as monthly, bimonthly or quarterly. A magazine will usually have a [[periodical cover date|date on the cover]] which often is later than the date it is actually published. Current magazines are generally available at bookstores and newsstands, while subscribers can receive them in the [[mail]]. Many magazines also offer a 'back issue' service for previously published editions. Most magazines produced on a commercial scale are printed using a [[Offset printing|web offset process]]. The magazine is printed in sections, typically of 16 pages, which may be black-and-white, be in full colour, or use [[spot colour]]. These sections are then bound, either by stapling them within a [[bookbinding|soft cover]] in a process sometimes referred to as 'saddle-stitching', or by gluing them together to form a spine, a process often called 'perfect-binding' Magazines are also published on the internet. Many magazines are available both on the internet and in hard copy, usually in different versions, though some are only available in hard copy or only via the internet: the latter are known as [[online magazine]]s. Most magazines are available in the whole of the country in which they are published, although some are distributed only in specific regions or cities. Others are available internationally, often in different editions for each country or area of the world, varying to some degree in editorial and advertising content but not entirely dissimilar ==Categories== Magazines fall into two broad categories: consumer magazines and business magazines. In practice, magazines are a subset of [[periodicals]], distinct from those periodicals produced by scientific, artistic, academic or special interest publishers which are subscription-only, more expensive, narrowly limited in circulation, and often have little or no advertising. Many business magazines are available only, or predominantly, on subscription. In some cases these subscriptions are available to any person prepared to pay; in others, free subscriptions are available to readers who meet a set of criteria established by the publisher. This practice, known as ''controlled circulation'', is intended to guarantee to advertisers that the readership is relevant to their needs: they can assure their advertisers that most or all of their subscribers are in a position to buy the goods or services advertised. Very often the two models, of paid-for subscriptions and controlled circulation, are mixed. Advertising is also an important source of revenue for business magazines. ==Other publications== Although similar to a magazine in some respects, an academic periodical featuring scholarly articles written in a more specialist register is usually called an "[[academic journal]]". Such publications typically carry little or no advertising. Articles are vetted by referees or a board of esteemed academics in the subject area. ==History== ''[[The Gentleman's Magazine]]'', first published in 1731, in London, is considered to have been the first general-interest magazine. [[Edward Cave]], who edited ''The Gentleman's Magazine'' under the pen name "Sylvanus Urban", was the first to use the term "magazine" (meaning "storehouse" in Arabic) for a periodical. The oldest consumer magazine still in print is ''[[The Scots Magazine]]'', which was first published in 1739, though multiple changes in ownership and gaps in publication totaling over 90 years weaken that claim. [[Lloyd's List]] was founded in Edward Lloyd’s England coffee shop in 1734; it is still published as a daily business newspaper. {{clear}} ==See also== *[[Column (newspaper)]] *[[Cover story]] *[[Editorial page]] *[[List of eighteenth-century British periodicals]] *[[List of nineteenth-century British periodicals]] *[[Review]] *[[Short story]] *Types of magazines: **[[Academic journal]]s **[[List of architecture magazines|Architecture magazines]] **[[Art magazine]]s **[[Boating magazine]]s **[[Car magazine]]s **[[Computer magazine]]s **[[Fantasy fiction magazine]]s **[[Health and fitness magazine]]s **[[History magazines]] **[[Horror fiction magazine]]s **[[Humor magazine]]s **[[Literary magazine]]s **[[Luxury magazine]]s **[[List of men's magazines|Men's magazines]] **[[Music magazine]]s **[[Newsmagazine|News magazines]] **[[Online magazine]]s **[[OSHA (magazine)]]s **[[Partwork]]s **[[Pornographic magazine]]s **[[Pulp magazine]]s **[[Trade magazine]]s ** Travel magazine **[[List of railroad-related periodicals|Railroad magazines]] **[[Regional magazine]]s **[[:category:Satirical magazines|Satirical magazines]] **[[Science fiction magazine]]s **[[Science magazine]]s and [[scientific journal]]s *[[:category:Periodicals|Serials, periodicals and journals]] **[[Teen magazine]]s **[[Trade journal]]s **[[:category:Wildlife magazines|Wildlife magazines]] **[[List of women's magazines|Women's magazines]] ==External links== {{wiktionarypar|magazine|periodical|journal}} *[http://www.designingmagazines.com/ ''Designing Magazines'' — A look at magazines and magazine design] *[http://www.philsp.com/ ''Galactic Central'' — An Index of Various Magazines] *[http://www.columbia.edu/~hah15/H_2004_Poetics.pdf The History of American magazines to 1860 by Heather A. Haveman (2004)] *[http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Category:Periodicals_Bookshelf Periodicals Bookshelf] at [[Project Gutenberg]] *[http://nmca.boico.net/ ''NMCA'' — A Magazine Cover Archive] *[http://www.bib.uab.es/premsa/en.php ''Quiosc'' — Press. Newspapers and magazines] *[http://www.bivingsreport.com/2006/the-presence-of-magazines-on-the-internet/ ''The Bivings Report'' on The Presence of Magazines on the Internet] *[http://www.121Mag.com ''The Superior Free Men's and Women's Online Magazine'' - The Worlds leading magazine publication Company] *[http://www.welovemags.com/ ''We Love Mags / Colophon'' — International Magazine Symposium and online Magazine Directory] [[Category:Magazines| ]] [[Category:Periodicals]] [[Category:Publications by format]] [[Category:Arabic words and phrases]] [[Category:Recyclable materials]] [[Category:Journalism]] [[ar:مجلة]] [[be:Часопіс]] [[be-x-old:Часопіс]] [[bs:Magazin]] [[bg:Списание]] [[ca:Revista]] [[cv:Журнал]] [[cs:Časopis]] [[da:Tidsskrift]] [[de:Zeitschrift]] [[es:Revista]] [[eo:Revuo]] [[eu:Aldizkari]] [[fa:مجله]] [[fr:Magazine]] [[gl:Revista]] [[ko:잡지]] [[id:Majalah]] [[is:Tímarit]] [[he:כתב עת]] [[lt:Žurnalas (spauda)]] [[ms:Majalah]] [[nl:Tijdschrift]] [[ja:雑誌]] [[no:Tidsskrift]] [[nn:Tidsskrift]] [[nrm:Magâsîn]] [[uz:Jurnal]] [[pl:Czasopismo]] [[pt:Revista]] [[ru:Журнал]] [[simple:Magazine]] [[sk:Časopis]] [[sl:Revija]] [[sr:Модни часопис]] [[fi:Aikakauslehti]] [[sv:Tidskrift]] [[tl:Magasin]] [[th:นิตยสาร]] [[tr:Dergi]] [[uk:Журнал]] [[wa:Rivowe]] [[yi:מאגאזינע]] [[zh-yue:雜誌]] [[zh:杂志]]