Magenta
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2008-07-15T16:19:43Z
Zzuuzz
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/OrgasGirl|OrgasGirl]] ([[User talk:OrgasGirl|talk]]) to last version by Dicklyon
{{this|the color}}
{{infobox color|textcolor=black|
title=Magenta |
hex= FF00FF|
r=255|g= 0|b=255|
c= 3|m=100|y= 0|k= 0|
h=300|s=100|v=100
|source=[[Web colors#X11 color list|X11]]}}
'''Magenta''' is a purplish red [[color]] evoked by lights with less power in yellowish-green [[wavelength]]s than in blue and red wavelengths ([[complementary color|complement]]s of magenta have wavelength 500–530 [[nanometer|nm]]).<ref>Bruce MacEvoy. “[http://www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/color1.html#huenames Light and the Eye]”, ''Handprint''. A chart citing R.W.G. Hunt 2004. ''The Reproduction of Color''.</ref> In light experiments, magenta can be produced by removing the lime-green wavelengths from white light. It is an extra-[[visible spectrum|spectral]] color, meaning it cannot be generated by a single wavelength of light, being a mixture of red and blue wavelengths. The name ''magenta'' comes from the dye magenta, commonly called [[fuchsine]], discovered shortly after the 1859 [[Battle of Magenta]] near [[Magenta, Italy]].
In the [[Munsell color system]], magenta is called ''red-purple''. In the [[CMYK color model]] used in [[printing]], it is one of the [[primary colors]] of ink. In the [[RGB color model]], the secondary color created by mixing the red and blue primaries is called ''magenta'' or ''fuchsia'', though this color differs in hue from printer’s magenta.
==Historical development of magenta==
{{refimprove|section|date=June 2007}}
{{infobox color|textcolor=black|
title= Rich magenta|
hex= CA1F7B|
r=202|g= 31|b=123|
c= 3|m=100|y= 3|k= 0|
h=327|s= 96|v= 34
|source=[http://www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/waterc.html Internet]{{Failed verification|date=September 2007}}}}
===Rich magenta (original variation) (1860)===
Before ''printer's magenta'' was invented in the 1890s for [[CMYK]] printing, and ''electric magenta'' was invented in the 1980s for computer displays, these two artificially engineered colors were preceded by the color displayed at right, which is the color originally called ''magenta'' made from coal tar dyes in the year 1859.<ref>Maerz and Paul. ''A Dictionary of Color'', New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 126 Plate 52 Color Sample K12--Magenta (Color shown is color shown above as ''rich magenta'')</ref>
Besides being called '''original magenta''', it is also called '''rich magenta''' to distinguish it from the colors ''electric magenta'' and ''printer's magenta'' shown below.
This color corresponds to the [[Prismacolor]] [[colored pencil]] ''magenta''.
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{{infobox color|textcolor=black|
title= Process magenta (subtractive primary, sRGB approximation)|
hex= FF0090|
r=255|g= 0|b=144|
c= 0|m=100|y= 0|k= 0|
h=320|s=100|v=100
|source=[http://www.tintbook.com/] [[CMYK]]
}}
===Process magenta (pigment magenta; printer's magenta) (1890s)===
In [[color printing]], the color called '''process magenta,''' or '''pigment magenta,''' or '''printer's magenta''' is one of the three primary pigment colors which, along with [[yellow]] and [[cyan]], constitute the three [[Primary colors#Subtractive primaries|subtractive primary colors]] of pigment. (The secondary colors of pigment are blue, green, and red.) As such, the hue magenta, is the [[complementary color|complement]] of [[green]]: magenta [[pigment]]s absorb green light; thus magenta and green are opposite colors.
The [[CMYK]] printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color [[comic strip]]s.
Process magenta is not an [[RGB]] color, and there is no fixed conversion from [[CMYK]] primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure magenta ink. A typical formulation of ''process magenta'' is shown in the color box at right. The source of the color shown at right is the color magenta that is shown in the diagram located at the bottom of the following website offering tintbooks for [[CMYK]] printing: [http://www.tintbook.com/]. A printer’s magenta is usually out of [[gamut]] on a computer display, so the color at right is only an approximation.
In Prismacolor colored pencils, this color (Prismacolor PC 994) is called '''process red''' (it would have been more accurate to call it '''process magenta'''). The Prismacolor colored pencil ''process red'' color is not quite as saturated as the color ''process magenta'' shown above.
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{{infobox color|textcolor=black|
title=Magenta (additive secondary)|
hex= FF00FF|
r=255|g= 0|b=255|
c= 3|m=100|y= 0|k= 0|
h=300|s=100|v=100
|source=[[Web colors#X11 color list|X11]]}}
===Electric magenta (additive secondary magenta) (web color fuchsia) (1990s)===
'''Electric magenta''', shown at the right, is one of the three secondary colors in the [[RGB color model]]. For [[computer]] color rendition, that specific hue of magenta composed of equal parts of red and blue light was termed the [[web color]] [[Fuchsia (color)|fuchsia]] and was assigned as an alias for the RGB code of magenta on a list of standardized web colors. "Electric" magenta and '''fuchsia''' are exactly the same color. Sometimes ''electric magenta'' is called ''electronic magenta''.
The color fuchsia is named after the color of the flowers of the [[Fuchsia]] plant, named after [[Leonhart Fuchs]], although most of the flowers of the plant are not quite so bright.
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==Electric magenta vs. process magenta==
Note that while both of these colors are called ''magenta'' they are actually substantially different from one another. Process magenta (the color used for magenta printing ink--also called printer's or pigment magenta) is much less vivid than the color electric magenta achievable on a computer screen--indeed, CMYK printing technology cannot accurately reproduce pure magenta as described above as electric magenta (1/2 100% blue light + 1/2 100% red light=magenta) on [[paper]]. To see the difference between electric magenta and printer's magenta, compare the two magentas (additive and subtractive) in the two charts in the [[Primary colors]] article.
When electric magenta is reproduced on paper, it is called fuchsia and it is physically impossible for it to appear on paper as vivid as on a computer screen. In order to reproduce it, a small amount of cyan printer's ink must be added to printer's magenta to make fuchsia, and therefore fuchsia is not a primary color of pigment--it is the color of printer's magenta that is one of the primary colors of pigment (along with cyan and yellow).
The name fuchsia was chosen as the alias for electric magenta because that is the color name for the color that in printed reproduction is its equivalent.
Since prior to the introduction of [[personal computer]]s magenta was synonymous with printer's magenta, colored pencils and [[crayon]]s called "magenta" are usually colored the color of ''process magenta'' (''printer's magenta'') shown above.
==Magenta on the color wheel==
If the visible spectrum is wrapped to form a color wheel, magenta (additive secondary) appears midway between [[red]] and [[blue]]:
[[Image:Spectrum4websiteEval.png|center]]
[[Image:Colorwheel.raw.png|center]]
==Magenta in human culture==
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=== Art ===
* Since the mid 1960s, water based fluorescent magenta paint has been available to paint [[psychedelic]] [[black light]] [[painting]]s. (Fluorescent magenta is one of the seven main colors used, in addition to fluorescent [[Orange (colour)|orange]], fluorescent red, fluorescent [[Cerise (color)|cerise]], fluorescent [[chartreuse yellow]], fluorescent blue, and fluorescent green.)
* By the early 1960s, vivid colors in the magenta range became available, and as a result many become aware that magenta, yellow, and cyan make better [[primary color|primary]] pigments than red, blue, and yellow.
=== Astronomy ===
*Astronomers have reported that [[spectral class]] T brown dwarves (the ones with the coolest temperatures) are colored magenta because of absorption by [[sodium]] and [[potassium]] [[atom]]s of light in the green portion of the spectrum. [http://www.darkstar1.co.uk/ds3.htm]
=== Music ===
* There is a song called ''Maria Magenta'' on the 1973 album [[Cosmic Wheels (1973 album)|Cosmic Wheels]] by Donovan. <ref> [http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Maria-Magenta-lyrics-Donovan-Leitch/20DE94B0A13FD75948256D97000DB772 Lyrics to the song Maria Magenta:]</ref>
* There is a song called ''Magenta'' on the 1998 album [[Blue Wonder Power Milk]] by Hooverphonic.
* There is an album by Willy De Ville called ''Return to Magenta''.
* There is a song called ''Magenta'' by Arno Cost & Arias
=== Parapsychology ===
* To psychics who claim to be able to observe the [[Aura (paranormal)|aura]] with their [[third eye]], someone who has a magenta aura is usually described as being ''artistic'' and ''creative''. It is reported that typical occupations for someone with a magenta aura would be such professions as artist, art dealer, actor, author, costume designer, or set designer.<ref>Oslie, Pamalie. (2000.) ''Life Colors: What the Colors in Your Aura Reveal'' New World Library , Novato, California. See magenta auras: pages 44-51.</ref>
=== Politics ===
* The color Magenta is used to symbolize [[anti-racism]] by the [[Amsterdam]]-based anti-racism Magenta Foundation.<ref>Magenta Foundation. [http://www.magenta.nl/english/ Organization website].</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
== See also ==
*[[Fuchsia (color)]]
*[[List of colors]]
*[[Rose (color)|Rose]]
== External links ==
* [http://dept.kent.edu/museum/exhibit/colors/3.htm How the color magenta was discovered in 1859 through research into coal tar (aniline) dyes.]
* [http://www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/waterc.html Pictures of actual aniline dye samples in various shades of magenta.]
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