Malawi 19088 224193221 2008-07-07T19:14:43Z Anthony Appleyard 119438 rv histmerge junk {{Infobox Country |native_name = {{lang|ny|''Dziko la Malaŵi, Chalo cha Malawi''}} |conventional_long_name = Republic of Malaŵi |common_name = Malawi |image_flag = Flag of Malawi.svg |image_coat = Malawi coa.png |national_motto = Unity and Freedom |image_map = LocationMalawi.svg |national_anthem = {{lang|my|''[[Mulungu dalitsa Malaŵi]]''}}{{nbsp|2}}<small>([[Chichewa language|Chichewa]])<br/>"Oh God Bless Our Land of Malawi"</small> |official_languages = [[English language|English]] (official)<br/>[[Chichewa language|Chichewa]] (national) |demonym = Malawian |capital = [[Lilongwe]] |latd=13|latm=57|latNS=S|longd=33|longm=42|longEW=E |government_type = [[Multi-party]] [[democracy]] |leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Malawi|President]] |leader_name1 = [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] |largest_city = [[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]] |area_km2 = 118,484 |area_sq_mi = 45,747 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = 99th |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |percent_water = 20.6% |population_estimate = 12,884,000 |population_estimate_year = July 2005 |population_estimate_rank = 69th |population_census = 9,933,868 |population_census_year = 1998 |population_density_km2 = 109 |population_density_sq_mi = 282 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 91st |GDP_PPP_year = 2005 |GDP_PPP = $7.67 billion <!--IMF --> |GDP_PPP_rank = 143rd |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $596 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 181st |HDI_year = 2007 |HDI = {{decrease}} 0.437 |HDI_rank = 164th |HDI_category = <font color="#e0584e">low</font> |Gini = 50.3 |Gini_year = 1997 |Gini_category = <font color="red">high</font> |FSI = 92.2 {{increase}} 2.4 |FSI_year = 2007 |FSI_rank = 29th |FSI_category = <font color="#FF0000">Alert</font> |sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] |sovereignty_note = from the [[United Kingdom|UK]] |established_event1 = Independence declared |established_event2 = Republic |established_date1 = [[July 6]] [[1964]] |established_date2 = [[July 6]] [[1966]] |currency = [[Malawian kwacha|Kwacha]] (D) |currency_code = MWK |time_zone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] |utc_offset = +2 |time_zone_DST = ''not observed'' |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.mw]] |calling_code = 265 |footnotes = <sup>1</sup> Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to [[AIDS]]; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected.}} The '''Republic of Malawi''' ({{IPA2|məˈlɑːwi}} or {{IPAlink|malaβi}}; formerly '''Nyasaland''') is in southeastern [[Africa]]. It is bordered by [[Zambia]] to the northwest, [[Tanzania]] to the north and [[Mozambique]], which surrounds it on the east, south and west and is separated from Malawi by [[Lake Malawi]] (also Lake Nyasa). The origin of the name Malawi is unclear; it is either derived from that of southern tribes, or from the "glitter of the sun rising across the lake" (as seen in its flag). Malawi is a densely populated country with a [[democratic]]ally-elected, [[presidential system]] of government. ==History== {{main|History of Malawi}} The earliest inhabitants of the area were [[Khoisan]] [[hunter-gatherer]]s. They were largely replaced by [[Bantu]] tribes during [[Bantu]] [[human migration|migrations]]. What is now called Malawi was the [[Maravi]] state, founded by the [[Chewa]] people in the 16th century. The Chewa were an off-shoot of the [[Luba Empire]]. In the early to mid 19th century, they were joined by Zulu-related [[Ndwandwe]] people from KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, the [[Ngoni people|Ngoni]], under their king [[Zwangendaba]]. The first significant Western contact was the arrival of [[David Livingstone]] along the north shore of [[Lake Malawi]] in 1859, and subsequently [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Presbyterian]] churches establishing missions. In 1883 a consul of the [[British Government]] was accredited to the "Kings and Chiefs of Central Africa," and in 1891 the British established the [[British Central Africa|British Central Africa Protectorate]], by 1907 the [[Nyasaland]] [[Protectorate]]. The British remained in control during the first half of the 20th century, and this period was marked by a number of unsuccessful attempts to obtain independence. During the 1950s pressure for independence increased when Nyasaland was joined with [[Northern Rhodesia|Northern]] and [[Southern Rhodesia]] in 1953 to form the [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland|Central African Federation]]. In July 1958, Dr [[Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] returned to the country after a long absence. He assumed leadership of the NAC, which later became the [[Malawi Congress Party]] (MCP). In 1959 Banda was sent to [[Gwelo Prison]] in [[Southern Rhodesia]] (now [[Gweru]]) for his political activities but was released in 1960 to participate in a constitutional conference in London. On [[April 15]], [[1961]] the MCP won an overwhelming victory in elections for a new Legislative Council. In a second constitutional conference in London in November 1962, the British Government agreed to give Nyasaland self-governing status the following year. This announcement sealed the fate of the Central African Federation, which lost its reason for existence with an independent Nyasaland. Banda became [[Prime Minister]] on [[February 1]], [[1963]], although the British still controlled Malawi's financial, security, and judicial systems. A new constitution took effect in May 1963, providing for virtually complete internal self-government. The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was dissolved on [[December 31]], [[1963]], and Malawi became a fully independent member of the British [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] on [[July 6]], [[1964]]. Two years later, Malawi became a [[republic]] with Dr. Banda as its first President, and was declared a [[one-party state]]. In 1970 Banda was declared President for life (Ngwazi) of the MCP, and in 1971 Banda consolidated his power and was named [[President for Life]] of Malawi. However, increasing domestic unrest and pressure from Malawian churches and from the international community led to a [[referendum]] in which the Malawian people were asked to vote for a new form of government. On [[June 14]], [[1993]], the people of Malawi voted overwhelmingly in favor of multi-party democracy. Free and fair national elections were held on [[May 17]], [[1994]], and [[Bakili Muluzi]], leader of the [[United Democratic Front (Malawi)|United Democratic Front]] (UDF), was elected President. The UDF won 82 of the 177 seats in the National Assembly and formed a coalition government with the [[Alliance for Democracy (Malawi)|Alliance for Democracy]] (AFORD). That coalition disbanded in June 1996, but some of its members remained in the government. Malawi's newly written constitution (1995) eliminated special powers previously reserved for the Malawi Congress Party. Accelerated economic liberalization and structural reform accompanied the political transition. Malawi saw its first transition between democratically elected presidents in May 2004, when the UDF's presidential candidate [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] defeated MCP candidate John Tembo and Gwanda Chakuamba, who was backed by a grouping of opposition parties. Through the politicking of party chairperson and former President Bakili Muluzi, the party successfully secured a majority by forming a "government of national unity" with several opposition parties. == Politics == {{main|Politics of Malawi}} For almost 31 years the government of Malawi and the Malawi Congress Party were one. When Malawi was declared a republic in 1966, the country was formally declared a one-party state. Under Banda, all citizens had to be members of the party. This situation changed in a 1993 referendum, which instituted a multiparty system. In the country's first democratic elections, Banda and the MCP were defeated. Under the 1995 [[constitution]], the [[Heads of State of Malawi|president]], who is both [[chief of state]] and [[head of the government]], is chosen through universal [[direct election]] every five years. The [[vice president]] is elected with the president and is currently [[Bingu wa Mutharika]]. The president has the option of appointing a second vice president, who must be from a different [[political party]]. The members of the presidentially appointed cabinet can be drawn from either within or outside of the legislature. The [[National Assembly]] has 193 seats, directly elected for a 5-year term. The constitution also provides for a second chamber, a [[Senate]] of 80 seats, but to date no action has been taken to create the Senate. The Senate is intended to provide representation for traditional leaders and the different geographical districts, as well as various special interest groups, such as women, youth, and the disabled. The [[constitution]] provides for an independent judiciary. Malawi's judicial system, based on the English model, is made up of magisterial lower courts, a High Court, and a Supreme Court of Appeal. Local government is carried out in 27 districts within three regions administered by regional administrators and district commissioners who are appointed by the central government. Local elections, the first in the multi-party era, took place in on [[November 21]], [[2000]]. The UDF party won 70% of the seats in this election. The third multi-party presidential and parliamentary elections, planned for [[May 18]], [[2004]], were postponed by two days following a High Court appeal by the main opposition [[Mgwirizano]] (Unity) coalition. The run-up to the poll was overshadowed by opposition claims of irregularities in the voters' roll. [[European Union]] and [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] observers said although voting passed peacefully, they were concerned about "serious inadequacies" in the poll. ==Regions and districts== {{main|Districts of Malawi}} Malawi is divided into three [[region]]s (the Northern, Central and Southern regions), which are further divided into 27 [[Districts of Malawi|districts]], divided into 137 traditional authorities and 68 sub-chiefdoms. The districts are: {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} *[[Balaka District|Balaka]] *[[Blantyre District|Blantyre]] *[[Chikwawa District|Chikwawa]] *[[Chiradzulu District|Chiradzulu]] *[[Chitipa District|Chitipa]] *[[Dedza District|Dedza]] *[[Dowa District|Dowa]] {{col-break}} *[[Karonga District|Karonga]] *[[Kasungu District|Kasungu]] *[[Likoma District|Likoma]] *[[Lilongwe District|Lilongwe]] *[[Machinga District|Machinga]] *[[Mangochi District|Mangochi]] *[[Mchinji District|Mchinji]] {{col-break}} *[[Mulanje District|Mulanje]] *[[Mwanza District|Mwanza]] *[[Mzimba District|Mzimba]] *[[Neno District|Neno]] *[[Nkhata Bay District|Nkhata Bay]] *[[Nkhotakota District|Nkhotakota]] *[[Nsanje District|Nsanje]] *[[Ntcheu District|Ntcheu]] {{col-break}} *[[Ntchisi District|Ntchisi]] *[[Phalombe District|Phalombe]] *[[Rumphi District|Rumphi]] *[[Salima District|Salima]] *[[Thyolo District|Thyolo]] *[[Zomba District|Zomba]] {{col-end}} Religions: Christians (mainly Protestants) 80%, Muslims (Sunni) 12%, other religions 8%. ==Geography== {{main|Geography of Malawi}} [[Image:Mi-map.png|left|200px|Map of Malawi]] {{MapLibrary|Malawi_sat.png|Malawi}} [[Image:Mulanje.jpg|thumb|Mulanje Mountain in Malawi]] Malawi is in southeastern Africa. The [[Great Rift Valley]] runs through the country from north to south. In this deep trough lies [[Lake Malawi]] (also called Lake [[Nyasa]]), the third-largest [[lake]] in Africa, and the 10th largest in the world, making about 20% of Malawi's area. The [[Shire River]] flows from the south end of the lake and joins the [[Zambezi River]] 400 km (250&nbsp;mi) farther south in [[Mozambique]]. East and west of the [[Rift Valley]] are high [[plateau]]s, generally between 900 and 1,200 m (3,000–4,000 ft) above sea level. The [[Nyika Uplands]] rise to 2,600 m (8,500 ft) in the north; south of the lake lie the [[Shire Highlands]], with an elevation of 600–1,600 m (2,000–5,000 ft), rising to the [[Zomba Plateau]] and the [[Mulanje Massif]], 2,130 and 3,002 m (7,000 and 10,000 ft). In the extreme south, the elevation is 60–90 m (200–300 ft) above sea level. Malawi is one of sub-Saharan Africa's most [[population density|densely populated countries]]. [[Lilongwe]], the capital since 1971, has a population which exceeds 400,000. All government ministries and Parliament are in [[Lilongwe]]. [[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]] remains Malawi's major commercial center and largest city, having grown from an estimated 109,000 inhabitants in 1966 to nearly 500,000 in 1998. The President resides in [[Lilongwe]], the Supreme Court is seated in [[Blantyre]]. The [[climate]] is [[subtropical]]. A rainy season runs from November through April. There is little to no rainfall throughout most of the country from May to October. It is hot and humid from October to April along the lake and in the Lower [[Shire Valley]]. [[Lilongwe]] is also hot and humid during these months, a little less than in the south. The rest of the country is warm during those months. From June through August the lake areas and far south are comfortably warm, but the rest of Malawi can be chilly at night, with temperatures ranging from 5&nbsp;° to 14&nbsp;°C (41°–57°F). [[Lake Malawi]] is sometimes called the Calendar Lake as it is about {{convert|365|mi|km}} long and {{convert|52|mi|km}} wide. Malawi has five [[national park]]s: [[Cape Maclear National Park|Cape Maclear]]; [[Kasungu National Park|Kasungu]]; [[Lengwe National Park|Lengwe]]; [[Liwonde National Park|Liwonde]]; and [[Nyika National Park|Nyika]]. ==Economy== {{main|Economy of Malawi}} Malawi has a per capita GDP of US$596{{Fact|date=May 2008}}. It is a [[Landlocked country|landlocked]] densely populated country. Its economy is heavily dependent on [[agriculture]]. Malawi has few exploitable mineral resources. Its three most important export crops are (in order) [[tobacco]], [[tea]] and [[sugar]]. Malawi's president recently urged farmers to consider growing other crops, such as cotton,<ref>http://www.tobaccochina.com/englishnew/content1.aspx?id=16188</ref> as an alternative to the country's principal crop, tobacco, as cigarette consumption in the West continues to decline. [[Image:Malawi Rural Market.jpg|thumb|left|300px|A rural market in Malawi]]Traditionally Malawi has been self-sufficient in its staple food, [[maize]], and during the 1980s exported substantial quantities to its drought-stricken neighbors. Agriculture represents 38.6% of the [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]], accounts for over 80% of the labour force, and represents about 80% of all exports. Nearly 90% of the population engages in subsistence farming. Smallholder farmers produce a variety of crops, including maize (corn),<ref name="NYTimes 120207"> [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/world/africa/02malawi.html Ending Famine, Simply by Ignoring the Experts] by CELIA W. DUGGER, NY Times, 12/2/07 </ref> [[beans]], [[rice]], [[cassava]], [[tobacco]], groundnuts ([[peanut]]) and [[coffee]]. The agricultural sector contributes about 63.7% of total income for the rural population, 65% of manufacturing sector’s raw materials, and approximately 87% of total employment.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Financial wealth is generally concentrated in the hands of a small elite. Malawi's manufacturing industries are situated around the city of [[Blantyre]]. Malawi's economic reliance on the export of agricultural commodities renders it particularly vulnerable to external shocks such as declining terms of trade and drought. High transport costs, which can comprise over 30% of its total import bill, constitute a serious impediment to economic development and trade. Malawi must import all its fuel products. Paucity of skilled labor; difficulty in obtaining expatriate employment permits; bureaucratic red tape; corruption; and inadequate and deteriorating road, electricity, water, and telecommunications infrastructure further hinder economic development in Malawi. However, recent government initiatives targeting improvements in the road infrastructure, together with private sector participation in railroad and telecommunications, have begun to render the investment environment more attractive. [[Image:Lilongwe (Malawi) - crafts market.JPG|thumb|left|320px|Crafts market in [[Lilongwe]]]] Malawi has undertaken economic structural adjustment programs supported by the [[World Bank]], the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF), and other donors since 1981. Broad reform objectives include stimulation of private sector activity and participation through the elimination of price controls and industrial licensing, liberalization of trade and foreign exchange, rationalization of taxes, privatization of state-owned enterprises, and civil service reform. Malawi qualifies for [[Heavily Indebted Poor Countries]] (HIPC) debt relief. In late May 2004 the IMF program (begun in 2000) was cancelled and a Staff-Monitored Program (SMP) was implemented. In the wake of questions about fiscal credibility, the SMP’s goal is to give Malawi’s newly-elected government the chance to establish a track record of fiscal discipline. Real GDP increased by an estimated 3.9% in 2004, from 4.3% in 2003 and 2.4% in 2002. Inflation has been largely under control since 2003, averaging 10% in that year and 11.1% (est.) in 2004. Discount and commercial lending rates also declined from 40%-45% in 2003 to 25% in early 2004. The [[Kwacha]] slid from 90 to 101 against the U.S. dollar in mid-2003 and was at 108 to the US dollar at the end of 2004. Malawi has bilateral trade agreements with its two major trading partners, [[South Africa]] and [[Zimbabwe]], both of which allow duty-free entry of Malawian products into their countries. ==Humanitarian situation== {{main|Malawi food crisis}} ===Health=== [[Image:Livingstonia synod.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Livingstonia, Malawi]] [[Image:Hauling water in Malawi.jpg|thumb|right|340px|People collecting water in Malawi]] [[Child mortality]] is 103/1,000. There are more than a million [[orphan]]s, 700,000 of whom became orphans when their parents died of [[AIDS]]. The Malawi government estimates that 14.2% of the population are HIV-positive, and that 90,000 deaths in 2003 were due to AIDS. Unofficial estimates based on private hospital entries give a HIV infection percentage of 30%. Their life expectancy is 43.35 for men and 42.61 for women.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mi.html CIA - The World Factbook - Malawi<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Malawi's humanitarian situation entered international news in 2007 when pop star [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] decided to adopted a Malawian child, [[David Banda]]. She subsequently revealed in interviews that she decided to visit the country after seeing videos calling for aid. Since 2007, Madonna's foundation ''[[Raising Malawi]]'' has worked to build hospitals and schools in the country. She recently produced and wrote a documentary about the orphans in Malawi called "I Am Because You Are". In 2008 she received an Honorary Citizenship from the Malawian government. ===Nutrition=== Malawi's staple food is maize but like other countries in Southern Africa, Malawi has repeatedly been affected by [[famine]]s since 2002, when food was scarce for almost one third of the population. In 2003, 30% of the population were affected. These repeated famines are caused by different factors including: *widespread [[monoculture]]s *poor distribution of [[fertilizer]]s *[[drought]]s *government corruption *widespread AIDS epidemic *[[bilharzia]] *[[malaria]] Some relief organisations, such as the [[Community of Sant'Egidio]], [[Catholic Relief Services]] and other local and international organisations try to respond to the famine by distributing food parcels. The government also had a starter pack farm input programme for maize seed and fertilizer. The scheme was however subject to gross abuses and sometimes the poorest people did not receive any of the items that were purportedly earmarked for them. This programme was discontinued by the Bingu wa Mutharika administration, which instead subsidised fertilizer for the local subsistence farmers. It has been reported that Mutharika's program is radically improving Malawi's agriculture, and causing Malawi to become a net exporter of food to nearby countries.<ref name="NYTimes 120207"> [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/world/africa/02malawi.html Ending Famine, Simply by Ignoring the Experts] by CELIA W. DUGGER, NY Times, 12/2/07 </ref> The government of Taiwan has also donated millions of bags of rice each year and has a permanent agricultural and medical technical aid mission in Malawi. ==Foreign relations== {{main|Foreign relations of Malawi}} Malawi has continued the pro-Western foreign policy established by former President Banda. It maintains excellent diplomatic relations with principal Western countries. Malawi's close relations with South Africa throughout the apartheid era strained its relations with other African nations. Following the collapse of apartheid in 1990-94, Malawi developed and currently maintains strong diplomatic relations with all African countries. Between 1985 and 1995 Malawi accommodated more than a million refugees from Mozambique. The refugee crisis placed a substantial strain on Malawi's government but also drew significant inflows of international assistance. The accommodation and eventual repatriation of the Mozambicans is considered a major success by international organizations. In 1996, Malawi received a number of [[Rwanda]]n and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] refugees seeking asylum. The government did not turn away refugees, but it did invoke the principle of "first country of asylum." Under this principle, refugees who requested asylum in another country first, or who had the opportunity to do so, would not subsequently be granted asylum in Malawi. There were no reports of the forcible repatriation of refugees. Important bilateral donors, in addition to the [[United States|U.S.]], include [[Canada]], [[Germany]], [[Iceland]], [[Japan]], [[the Netherlands]], [[Norway]], [[Finland]], [[Sweden]], [[Republic of China|Republic of China (Taiwan)]], [[Flanders]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. Multilateral donors include the World Bank, the IMF, the European Union, the African Development Bank, and the United Nations organizations. Malawi is a member of the following international organizations: [[United Nations|UN]] and some of its specialized and related agencies (i.e. [[UNCTAD]], [[UNESCO]], [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization|UNIDO]]), the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]],[[IMF]], [[World Bank]], [[Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency]] (MIGA), [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO), [[Berne Convention]], [[Universal Copyright Convention]], [[African Union]], [[Lome Convention]], [[African Development Bank]] (AFDB), [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC), the [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa]] (COMESA), [[Non-Aligned Movement]], [[Group of 77|G-77]], and the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO). Malawi is also a member of the [[International Criminal Court]] with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the [[United States|US]]-military (as covered under [[Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court|Article 98]]). Malawi and [[the People's Republic of China]] ([[Chinese Mainland]]) established diplomatic relations secretly on [[December 28]], [[2007]]. On [[January 14]], [[2008]], Malawi broke ties with [[the Republic of China]] ([[Taiwan]]) in public. Malawi also opened its Diplomatic Mission in New Delhi, India and HE. Mr. Brian Granthen Bowler, as first High Commissioner of this mission. ==Demographics== {{main|Demographics of Malawi}} [[Image:Malawi n3.jpg|thumb|250px|A man in Malawi playing a traditional musical instrument.]] Malawi derives its name from the [[Maravi]], a [[Bantu]] people who came from the southern [[Congo River|Congo]] basin circa 1400. On reaching the area north of Lake Malawi, the Maravi divided. One branch, the ancestors of the present-day [[Chewa]]s, moved south to the west bank of the lake. The other, the ancestors of the [[Nyanja]]s, moved down the east bank to the southern part of the country. By 1500, the two divisions of the tribe had established a kingdom stretching from north of the present-day city of [[Nkhotakota]] to the [[Zambezi River]] in the south, and from Lake Malawi in the east, to the [[Luangwa River]] in [[Zambia]] in the west. Migrations and tribal conflicts precluded the formation of a cohesive Malawian society until the turn of the 20th century. In more recent years, ethnic and tribal distinctions have diminished, although regional distinctions and rivalries persist. Despite some clear differences, no significant friction currently exists between tribal groups, and the concept of a Malawian nationality has begun to take hold. Predominantly a rural people, Malawians are generally traditionalist, which includes nonviolence. The Chewas constitute 90% of the population of the central region; the Nyanja tribe predominates in the south and the [[Tumbuka]] in the north. In addition, significant numbers of the [[Tonga people|Tonga]]s live in the north; [[Ngoni people|Ngoni]]s—an offshoot of the [[Zulu]]s who came from [[South Africa]] in the early 1800s—live in the lower northern and lower central regions; and the [[WaYao|Yao]], who are mostly [[Muslim]], live along the southeastern border with [[Mozambique]]. Bantus of other tribes came from Mozambique as refugees. [[Europe]]ans and [[Asia]]ns also live in Malawi. Most Europeans are [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] from Mozambique, and Asians are mostly [[Demographics of India|Indians]]. [[Image:Malawi-demography.png|thumb|left|400px|Population of Malawi (in thousands)]] <br clear=left> ==See also== [[Image:8403452 36f7580a25 o.jpg|thumb|right|An initiation ritual in Malawi.]] *[[List of cities in Malawi]] *[[Transport in Malawi]] *[[Malawi national football team]] *[[Malawian food crisis]] *[[Military of Malawi]] *''[[Raising Malawi]]'' ===Culture=== *[[African Baptist Assembly of Malawi, Inc.|African Baptist Assembly of Malawi]] *[[Malawian English]] *[[Music of Malawi]] *[[Sports in Malawi]] ==References== {{reflist}} *Owen J. M. Kalinga and Cynthia A. Crosby, ''Historical Dictionary of Malawi'', 3rd ed. (Scarecrow Press, 2001) ISBN 0-8108-3481-2 *Mitchell, Maura. "Living Our Faith:" The Lenten Pastoral Letter of the Bishops of Malawi and the Shift to Multiparty Democracy, 1992–1993. ''Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion''. 2002 Mar; 41(1):5–18. (This article looks in depth at the role religion played in the transition to democracy in Malawi.) ==External links== {{sisterlinks|Malawi}} {{external links|date=September 2007}} *[http://www.nso.malawi.net/data_on_line/general/malawi_in_figures/Malawi%20in%20figures.htm Malawi In Figures] (Zomba: National Statistical Office, 2005) *[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mi.html CIA World Factbook entry] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1068913.stm BBC News profile] ;Directories *[http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/malawi.html Stanford University - Africa South of the Sahara: ''Malawi''] directory category *[http://www.afrika.no/index/Countries/Malawi The Index on Africa - ''Malawi''] directory category *[http://www.meetmalawi.com - ''Meet Malawi''] Where the world MeetsMalawi *[http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Country_Specific/Malawi.html University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center: ''Malawi''] directory category *[http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Malawi Open Directory Project - ''Malawi''] directory category ;Government *[http://www.malawi.gov.mw/ Government of the Republic of Malawi] official site *[http://www.embassymalawi.be/ Embassy of the Republic of Malawi to Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland and France] official site ;News *[http://www.dailytimes.bppmw.com/ ''The Daily Times''] daily [[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]]-based newspaper *[http://www.nationmw.net/ ''Nation Malawi''] daily [[Blantyre, Malawi|Blantyre]]-based newspaper *[http://allafrica.com/malawi/ allAfrica.com - ''Malawi''] news headline links ;Tourism *{{wikitravel}} ;Other *[http://www.utviklingsfondet.no/Utviklingsfondet_-_forsiden/Prosjekter_og_land/Malawi/ Utviklingsprosjekter i Malawi] *[http://www.malawiproject.org The Malawi Project] *[http://www.waterwellsforafrica.com Water Wells for Africa-Malawi] *[http://www.raisingmalawi.org Raising Malawi] *[http://watertowndailytimes.com/section/multimedia?objdir=malawi&objw=620&objh=503 A slideshow on Malawi] ==Geographic locale== {{Countries of Africa}} {{Member states of the SADC}} {{Member states of the African Union}} {{Niger-Congo-speaking}} {{Commonwealth of Nations}} <!--Interwiki--> <!--Categories--> [[Category:Malawi| ]] [[Category:African Union member states]] [[Category:Landlocked countries]] [[Category:English-speaking countries and territories]] [[Category:Least Developed Countries]] [[Category:Members of the Commonwealth of Nations]] {{Link FA|is}} <!--Other languages--> [[af:Malawi]] [[als:Malawi]] [[am:ማላዊ]] [[ar:ملاوي]] [[an:Malaui]] [[frp:Malavi]] [[ast:Malaui]] [[bm:Malawi]] [[bn:মালাউয়ি]] [[zh-min-nan:Malaŵi]] [[be-x-old:Малаві]] [[bs:Malavi]] [[br:Malawi]] [[bg:Малави]] [[ca:Malawi]] [[ceb:Malawi]] [[cs:Malawi]] [[ny:Malaŵi]] [[tum:Malawi]] [[cy:Malawi]] [[da:Malawi]] [[de:Malawi]] [[dv:މަލާވީ]] [[et:Malawi]] [[el:Μαλάουι]] [[es:Malawi]] [[eo:Malavio]] [[eu:Malawi]] [[fa:مالاوی]] [[fr:Malawi]] [[ga:An Mhaláiv]] [[gv:Malawi]] [[gd:Malabhaidh]] [[gl:Malaui - Malawi]] [[ko:말라위]] [[hy:Մալավի]] [[hi:मलावी]] [[hr:Malavi]] [[io:Malawi]] [[bpy:মালাবি]] [[id:Malawi]] [[ie:Malawi]] [[is:Malaví]] [[it:Malawi]] [[he:מלאווי]] [[jv:Malawi]] [[pam:Malawi]] [[ka:მალავი]] [[ks:मलावी]] [[kk:Малауи]] [[kw:Malawi]] [[sw:Malawi]] [[ht:Malawi]] [[ku:Malavî]] [[la:Malavium]] [[lv:Malāvija]] [[lb:Malawi]] [[lt:Malavis]] [[lij:Malawi]] [[li:Malawi]] [[ln:Malawi]] [[hu:Malawi]] [[mk:Малави]] [[ml:മലാവി]] [[mr:मलावी]] [[ms:Malawi]] [[nah:Malahui]] [[nl:Malawi]] [[ja:マラウイ]] [[no:Malawi]] [[nn:Malawi]] [[nov:Malawi]] [[oc:Malawi]] [[uz:Malavi]] [[ps:ملاوي]] [[pms:Malawi]] [[nds:Malawi]] [[pl:Malawi]] [[pt:Malawi]] [[crh:Malavi]] [[ro:Malawi]] [[qu:Malawi]] [[ru:Малави]] [[se:Malawi]] [[sa:मलावी]] [[sq:Malevia]] [[scn:Malaui]] [[simple:Malawi]] [[sk:Malawi (štát)]] [[sl:Malavi]] [[szl:Malawi]] [[so:Malaawi]] [[sr:Малави]] [[sh:Malavi]] [[fi:Malawi]] [[sv:Malawi]] [[tl:Malawi]] [[ta:மலாவி]] [[th:ประเทศมาลาวี]] [[vi:Malawi]] [[tg:Малави]] [[tr:Malavi]] [[uk:Малаві]] [[ur:ملاوی]] [[vec:Malawi]] [[vo:Malaviyän]] [[wo:Malawi]] [[yo:Malawi]] [[diq:Malawi]] [[bat-smg:Malavės]] [[zh:马拉维]]