Malik 408339 226058795 2008-07-16T17:19:53Z 82.169.174.27 :''For the Cambodian commune, see [[Malik, Cambodia]]. '''Malik''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: ملك ) is an [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word meaning "[[Monarch|king]]". It has been adopted in various other, mainly [[Languages of Asia|Asian languages]] for their ruling princes and to render kings elsewhere; furthermore it is sometimes used in derived meanings. Malik is one of the [[99 Names of God in the Qur'an|names]] of [[Allah]], "King" in the absolute sense. Alternative forms are '''Malek''' and '''Maalik'''. The female version of Malik is '''Malika''' (or its [[Persian language]] cognate '''Malekeh'''), meaning "queen". The term Malik is used in [[Afghanistan]] and the [[tribe|tribal]] areas of [[Pakistan]], especially among [[Pashtun people|Pashtuns]], for a [[Tribal chief|tribal leader]] or a chieftain. It is also used by [[Kukhran]] Khatris of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] where there are [[Khatri]] families in [[Multan]] which are addressed as Malik or Raiszada.In Pakistan this surname is commonly known to be from rich families and wealthy farm owners.<ref>Gazetteer of the Multan District 1923-24 published by Sang-E-Meel Publications and Page 139</ref> The [[cognate]] [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word ''melech'' (מלך) has the same meaning, and the name of the pagan god [[Moloch]] is derived from the same [[Semitic]] [[Root (linguistics)|linguistic root]]. ==Political== Primarily a Malik is the ruling monarch of a [[Monarchy|kingdom]], called ''mamlaka''; that term is however also used in a broader sense, like realm, for rulers with another, generally lower titles, as in [[Sahib|Sahib al-Mamlaka]]. Malik is also used for tribal leaders, e.g. among the [[Pashtun]]s. Although [[monarchy]] is sometimes viewed as a non-Islamic form of government, some [[Arab]] kingdoms are presently ruled by a Malik: * [[Bahrain]], formerly under a [[Hakim]] al-Bahrayn {"Ruler of [[Bahrain]]"); from 16 August 1971 an Amirate; from 14 February 2002: Malik al-Bahrayn (King of Bahrain); * [[Jordan]], formerly the [[Emirate]] of [[Transjordan]]; * [[Morocco]], formerly a [[Sultanate]]; * [[Saudi Arabia]], on 10 June 1916 the [[Grand Sharif]] of [[Mecca]] assumed the title of King of the [[Hejaz]]; from 29 October 1916 "King of the Arabs and [[Commander of the Faithful]]; from 6 November 1916 recognized by the allied powers only as King of the [[Hejaz]], [[Commander of the Faithful]], [[Grand Sharif]] and [[Emir]] of Mecca; also assumed the title of [[Caliph]] on 11 March 1924; from 3 October 1924: King of the Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca; 22 September 1932 Hejaz and [[Nejd]] united as Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, full style: ''Malik al-Mamlaka al-`Arabiyya as-Sa'udiyya'' ("King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"); from 1986 prefixed to the name: ''[[Khadim al-Haramayn ash-Sharifayn]]'' ("Servant (i.e. [[Protector (title)|Protector]]) of the Two Exalted Holy Places [Mecca and Medina]"). Other historic realms under a Malik include: * [[Egypt]] — the former Ottoman [[khediviate]] and subsequently independent sultanate was ruled by ''[[Rulers and heads of state of Egypt#Kings of Egypt, 1922-1953|Malik Misr]]'' ("King of Egypt") between 1922 and 1951; from 19 October 1951 ''Malik Misr wa's Sudan'' {"King of Egypt and the [Anglo-Egyptian] [[Suda]]n") till the republic (18 June 1953) * [[Iraq]] — between 23 August 1921 and 2 May 1958, Iraq was ruled by a Hashemite ''[[List of Kings of Iraq|Malik al-`Iraq]]'' ("King of Iraq") * [[Libya]] — [[Idris I of Libya|Idris I]] (b. 1890 - d. 1983) (Sayyid Muhammad Idris [[as-Sanusi]], heir of a Muslim sect's dynasty) reigned as ''Malik al-Mamlaka al-Libiyya al-Muttahida'' ("King of the United Libyan Kingdom") from 24 December 1951 through 25 April 1963 and ''Malik al-Mamlaka al-Libiyya'' ("King of the Libyan Kingdom") until 1 September 1969 * [[Maldives]] — between 1965 and 1968, [[Muhammad Fareed Didi]] ruled Maldives as ''Jala'ala ul-Malik'' ("King" and the style of "His Majesty"); previous rulers were styled: Sultan of Land and Sea and Lord of the twelve-thousand islands, holding both the Arabic title of Sultan and the more ancient [[Divehi]] title of [[Maha Radun]] or [[Ras Kilege]] * [[Oman]] — the [[Nabhani dynasty]] ruled Oman between 1154 and 1470, later it was an [[imamate]]/ sultanate * [[Yemen]] — between *1918 and 27 September 1962, and in dissidence to March 1970, the imamate of Yemen was ruled by ''[[List of Kings of Yemen|Imam al-Muslimin, Amir al-Mu'minin, Malik al-Mamlaka al-Mutawakkiliyya al-Yamaniyya]]'' ("Imam of the Muslims, Emir of the Faithful, King of the Mutawakkilite Yemeni Kingdom") In [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] and colonial [[India]], the princely state of [[Zainabad]] was ruled by a '''Malek Shri''' ([[Sri|Shri]] is an emphatical [[honorific]] without intrinsic meaning). The title Malik has also been used in languages which adopted Arabic [[loanword]]s (mainly, not exclusively, in Muslim cultures), for various [[prince]]ly or lower ranks and functions. * In [[Miaphysitism|miaphysite]] [[Armenia]], the title of Melik was bestowed upon princes who ruled various [[Principality|principalities]], often referred to as Melikdoms. * In [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], among the numerous Grandees: ** In the fourth class, (''Sul-didibuli-tavadi'') of the Kingdom of [[Kartli]], commanders of banners (''drosha''), sixth and last in that class, the Malik of [[Somkheti]] (''Somkheti-meliki''). ** In the sixth class, Grandees of the second class (''[[mtavari]]'') of the Kingdom of Kartli, ranking first of the second subclass, Grandees under the Prince of [[Sabaratiano]]: the [[Kingdom of Lori-Joraget|Malik of Lori]], head of the house of Melikishvili. The word Malik is sometimes used in Arabic to render roughly equivalent titles of foreign rulers, for instance the chronicler [[Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad]] refers to King [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] of [[Kingdom of England|England]] as ''Malik al-Inkitar''. ==Military== Like many princely titles, Malik has also been used as a military rank, notably in certain decimally organized Muslim armies in India, a high rank commanding 10,000 horseman (each 1000 commanded by an [[Amir]]), ten Maliks serving under a [[Khan (title)|Khan]] ==Surname== In Pakistan this surname is commonly known to be from rich families and wealthy farm owners. ==Supernatural== *It is also one of the "[[99 Names of Allah]]", and is then ''al-Malik'' (الملك) or ''The King - Lord of the Worlds'' in the absolute sense (denoted by the definite article), meaning the [[King of Kings]], above all earthly rulers. **Hence, [[Abdelmelik]] ("server of [Allah] the King ") is an Arabic male name. *In Biblical Hebrew, [[Moloch]] is either the name of a god or the name of a particular kind of sacrifice associated historically with Phoenician and related cultures in North Africa and the Levant. *[[Melqart]] ("king of the city") was a Phoenician and Punic god. *The [[Melkite]]s (from Syriac ''malkāyâ'', ܡܠܟܝܐ, "imperial") are the members of several Christian churches of the Middle East, originally those who sided with the Byzantine emperor. ==Compound and derived titles== *''Malika'' is the female derivation, a term of Arabic origin used in Persia as the title for a Queen consort (i.e. not ruling, which no Islamic state's tradition does allow to women). Frequently also used as part of a lady's name, e.g. ''Malika-i-Jahan'' 'Queen of the World'. *''[[Sahib]] us-Sumuw al-Malik'' (female Sahibat us-Sumuw al-Malik) is an Arabic title for His/Her [[Royal Highness]], notably for Princes in the dynasty of the Malik of Egypt The following components are frequently part of titles, notably in Persian (also used elsewhere, e.g. in India's Moghol tradition): *'''- ul-Mulk''' (or '''ul-Molk'''): - of the kingdom; e.g. Malik Usman Khan, who served the [[Sultan]] of [[Gujarat]] as Governor of [[Lahore]], received the title of ''Zubdat ul-Mulk'' 'best of the kingdom' as a hereditary distinction, which was retained as part of the style of his heirs, the ruling [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]]s (only since 1910 promoted to [[Nawab]]) of [[Palanpur]]. *'''- ul-Mamaluk''' (plural of ''ul-mulk''): - of the kingdoms. In the great Indian Muslim [[salute state]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], a first rank- vassal of the Mughal [[padshah]] (emperor) imitating his lofty Persian court protocol, the word '''Molk''' became on itself one of the titles used for ennobled Muslim retainers of the ruling [[Nizam]]'s court, in fact the third in rank, only below [[Jah]] (the highest) and [[Umara]], but above [[Daula]], [[Jang]], [[Nawab]], [[Khan (title)|Khan Bahadur]] and [[Khan (title)|Khan]]; for the Nizam's Hindu retainers different titles were used, the equivalent of Molk being [[Vant]]. ==Other uses== By analogy, the word malik is also used in the weaker meaning of 'chief' in various modest titles, such as, in Persian: *''Malik ul-Shu'ara'': 'King of the Poets',, i.e. [[poet laureate]]. *''Malik ul-Tujjar'': 'King of the Merchants', an office held by the head of the merchant community in each town or city. In the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], "Malik" was one of the titles used by local aristocrats, more formally known as [[Zamindar]]s, under both the [[Mughals]] and the British, and to some degree still in present-day [[Pakistan]]. Like many prestigious titles, Malik or Malek is a common element is first and family names, usually without any aristocratic meaning. For example, Malik is a large community in [[Pakistan]] with [[Arab]] heritage. Malik is used both as title and surname in Pakistan. The term "Malik" or "Malek" is also an [[Assyrian]] title that was given to heads of tribes. See [[Assyrian Malek]]. Strange as it is, it is presently also the worlds leading brand of hockey sticks and equipment. ==Modern cultural references== *Malik is also a [[Greenlandic]] [[Inuit]] personal name for males, meaning 'wave'. Since the year 2000, according to Statistics [[Greenland]], the name is the most popular name given to boys. Another Greenlandic name derived from the same root is: Maligiaq (medium sized wave). *Malik was the leader of the [[Augments (Star Trek)|Augments]] in a three-episode arc of ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'', starting with "[[Borderland (Enterprise episode)|Borderland]]", continuing with "[[Cold Station 12]]", and ending with "[[The Augments]]". *[[Marik Ishtar|Malik]] is the name of a character from the Japanese animated series ''[[Yu-Gi-Oh!]]''. Malik is depicted as an Egyptian whose clan guards the tomb of the Pharaoh from grave robbers. He seeks to obtain the power of the Pharaoh. *Malik is the name of a character in Australian fantasy author [[Isobelle Carmody]]'s ''[[Obernewtyn Chronicles]]''. *Malik was the name of a powerful ancient vampire in a game based on the TV series ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (TV series)|Buffy the Vampire Slayer]]''. He has the ability to transform into a ferocious beast resembling a sabre-toothe tiger. *Malik is also the name of one of the Prophets in the game ''[[Wild Arms 3]]''. He is shown as youthful and agile, and, during the course of the game, is searching for a way to resurrect his mother. *House al-Malik is one of the five major houses in the ''[[Fading Suns]]'' universe. *In the ''[[Legacy of Kain]]'' video game series, [[Malek the Sarafan]] is a member of "The Circle of Nine", a group of sorcerers directly linked to nine aspects of existence. Malek is the guardian of the other sorcerers and represents the world's conflict. In ''Blood Omen'', the first in the series, we see him robbed of flesh and bound to his armour; though he can be seen in human form in later games. *In ''[[The Avatar Series|Crucible: The Trial of Cyric the Mad]]'', Malik is one of the main characters. He is cursed by [[Mystra (goddess)|Mystra]], the god of magic, so that he cannot lie. He is also "chosen" of his god [[Cyric]] who is "The Prince of Lies". *In the video game ''[[Knights of the Old Republic]]'', [[Darth Malak]] is the ruler of the expansionary [[Sith Empire]]. *Malak Golthana is a character in ''[[Final Fantasy Tactics]]''. His Job class is "Hell Knight" and he also possesses the "Untruth" skills. *Malik Yardbirds is the name of the [[Minerva class battleship|''Minerva'']]'s pilot from ''[[Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny]]''. *Malik was the name of J.D's car during the earlier seasons of the TV show [[Scrubs (TV series)|Scrubs]]. *[[Malek (Binding of the Blade)|Malek]] is a character in [[L. B. Graham]]'s fantasy series ''[[Ariful Malek]]''. *In the [[MMORPG]] [[RuneScape]], Malak is one of the vampire lords of Mortanya. ==Famous people named Malik== Where ''Malik'' is a '''surname''': *[[Adam Malik]], former Vice President of [[Indonesia]] *[[Anas ibn Malik]], [[Sahaba|companion]] of [[Muhammad]] *[[Art Malik]], [[actor]] *[[Atif Malik]], [[cricketer]] *[[Charles Malik]], [[Philosophy|philosopher]] and [[Diplomacy|diplomat]] *[[Keshav Malik]], [[poet]] and [[critic]] *[[Jacob Alexandrovich Malik|Jacob Malik]], [[Soviet]] diplomat *[[Marek Malík]], [[Ice hockey|hockey]] player *[[Redha Malek]], former Prime Minister of [[Algeria]] *[[Shoaib Malik]], cricketer *[[Sa'd ibn Malik]], companion of Muhammad Where ''Malik'' is a '''given name''': *[[Malik al-Ashtar]], companion of [[Ali|Ali Ibn Abi Talib]] *[[Malik Allen]], [[basketball]] player *[[Malik ibn Anas]], the founder of the [[Maliki]] school of [[Islam]]ic [[jurisprudence]] *[[Malik al-Dar]] *[[Malik ibn Nuwayrah]] *[[Malik Rose]], basketball player *[[Malik Sealy]], basketball player *[[Malcolm X|El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz]] (also known as Malcolm X), [[human rights]] activist *Malik Zulu Shabazz, leader of the [[New Black Panthers|New Black Panther Party]] *[[Malik Yoba]], actor Similarly, ''Malika'' is used as a female first name: *[[Malika Oufkir]], [[writer]] *[[Malika Sherawat]], actress and [[Model (person)|model]] ===Cognate names=== *[[Solomon Molcho]] ("Solomon King") was a Jewish self-proclaimed Messiah. *[[Abimelech]] or Avimelech (אֲבִימֶלֶךְ / אֲבִימָלֶךְ "father/leader of a king; my father/leader, a king", Standard Hebrew Aviméleḫ / Avimáleḫ, Tiberian Hebrew ʼĂḇîméleḵ / ʼĂḇîmāleḵ) was a common name of the [[Philistine]] kings. ==Sources and external links== *[http://4dw.net/royalark/ RoyalArk - see each abovementioned state if not 'under construction'] *[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/ WorldStatesmen- see each present country] *[[Gustav Davidson]], ''A Dictionary of Angels including the Fallen Ones'' *Hughes, ''A Dictionary of Islam'' *''Jewish Encyclopedia'', "Angelology" *[[James Hastings]],'' Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics'' IV, 618.] == See also == * [[Malika]] * [[Malik (tribe)]] *The name of the [[Maluku islands]] (Indonesia) is thought to have been derived from the Arab trader's term for the region, ''Jazirat al-Muluk'' ('the land<!-- island? --> of many kings').<ref name="RICKLEFSp24">{{cite book | last =Ricklefs | first =M.C. | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition | publisher =MacMillan | date =1991 | location =London | pages =p.24 | url = | doi = | id = ISBN 0-333-57689-6 }} </ref> == References == <references/> [[Category:Feudalism]] [[Category:Heads of state]] [[Category:Military ranks]] [[Category:Royal titles]] [[Category:Noble titles]] [[Category:Pakistani names]] [[Category:Titles in Pakistan]] [[ar:ملك]] [[de:Malik]] [[es:Malik]] [[fr:Malik (prénom)]] [[hu:Malik]] [[it:Malik]] [[ru:Малик]]