Malle
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2008-06-19T18:21:02Z
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Robot-assisted fix [[WP:DPL|links to disambiguation page]] Utrecht
:''This article is about Belgian municipality Malle. For French film maker Malle see: [[Louis Malle]]''
{{infobox Belgium Municipality|
|name=Malle
|picture=
|picture-legend=
|map=MalleLocatie.png
|map-legend=Location of Malle in the province of Antwerp
|arms=Malle wapen.gif
|flag=
|region={{BE-REG-FLE}}
|community={{BE-NL}}
|province={{BE-PROV-AN}}
|arrondissement=[[Arrondissement of Antwerp|Antwerp]]
|nis=11057
|pyramid-date=
|0-19=
|18-64=
|65=
|foreigners=
|foreigners-date=
|mayor=Harry Hendrickx (DBM)
|majority= DBM, [[CD&V]], GRIM
|postal-codes=2150
|telephone-area=03
|web=[http://www.malle.be/ www.malle.be]
|lat_deg=51
|lat_min=17
|lon_deg=04
|lon_min=41
|}}
'''Malle''' is a [[municipality]] located in the [[Campine]] region of the [[Belgium|Belgian]] province of [[Antwerp (province)|Antwerp]]. The municipality comprises the towns of [[Oostmalle]] and [[Westmalle]]. On [[January 1]] [[2006]] Malle had a total population of 14,083. The total area is 51.99 [[square kilometre|km²]] which gives a [[population density]] of 271 inhabitants per km².
==History==
===Early history===
The origin and meaning of the word Malle is not certain: an extended plain, border or stop on the one hand, but more probably a place which was used by the [[Franks]] for legal matters. A ''Mallum'' was a general court session presided by the count<ref>Francis N. Estey, The Meaning of Placitum and Mallum in the Capitularies, ''[[Speculum (journal)|Speculum]]'', Vol. 22, No. 3 (Jul., 1947), pp. 435-439</ref>. In [[Celtic languages|Celtic]], the name ''O Maoileoin'', means a devotee of St. John.
A record of the name Malle emerges for the first time in [[1194]], when the bishop of [[Cambrai|Kamerijk]] donates the altar of Malle and Vorsele to the ''Chapter of Our Kind Lady of Antwerp''. Originally Oostmalle, Westmalle and [[Zoersel]] were joined into one domain: Malle, which was part of the County [[Toxandria]].
The origin of [[Oostmalle]] dates back to the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] era, when a settlement was built along the [[Roman road]] from ''Trajectum ad Rhenum'' ([[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]) to [[Bavay]] (now approximately the ''Lierselei'' and the ''Hoogstraatsebaan'').
During the [[Middle Ages]] ([[476]]-[[1492]]), Oostmalle was part of the [[Duchy of Brabant]], governed by lords like [[Jan Van Hesselbeke]] and [[Jan Volckaert]] (around [[1300]]). The ''lower'' feudal rights belonged to the House of [[Breda]], the ''higher'' rights belonged to the [[Duke of Brabant]].
Westmalle existed before [[1100]], when the place of residence (''Mansus'') of the representative (''Villicus'' or ''Meier'') of the [[Duke of Brabant]] was mentioned already. The history of [[Westmalle Castle]] reflects the history of the governing families of Westmalle. [[Henry I, Duke of Brabant]] granted some feudal rights to the [[abbot]] of the [[Villers Abbey|Abbey of Villers]] on the condition that a [[monastery]] would be built in Westmalle. However the monastery was built in [[Hemiksem]] instead.
===Separation of Malle===
In the first half of the 13<sup>th</sup> century Malle was separated when the County of Strijen was divided; Oostmalle came to belong to the County of [[Breda]], Westmalle and Zoersel remained with the [[Duchy of Brabant]]. Westmalle was governed by a local ''Meier'' belonging subsequently to the families van der Moelen, de Cotereau en Powis and also by the Abbot of the [[Villers Abbey|Abbey of Villers]]. About [[1300]] the feudal rights of Oostmalle were divided between Jan van Hesselbeke and Jacobus van Dworp. Jan Volkaert I, was married with the daughter of the Jan van Hesselbeke. He owned half of the feudal rights of Oostmalle, while the other half was owned by his brother-in-law Jacob van Couree<ref>Th. de Molder, Geschiedenis van Oostmalle, Turnhout, 1947</ref>. Later on the feudal rights went to the Lords of [[Berchem]]. Between 1431 and 1464 Willem van Berchem built a [[Castle de Renesse|castle]] in Oostmalle. By the end of the 16<sup>th</sup> century, from [[1602]] onwards, during the entire [[Ancien Régime]], all [[Feudalism|feudal]] rights of Oostmalle belonged to the family ''van Renesse'' (French: de Renesse), descendants of [[Jan van Renesse]].
===16<sup>th</sup> to 18<sup>th</sup> century===
Almost continuously the [[Campine]] villages was plundered and besieged; foreign troops caused severe havoc, and also brought with them diseases such as the [[Bubonic plague]]. Oostmalle suffered most from the plague between [[1575]] and [[1605]].
In [[1542]], during the wars of [[Charles, Duke of Guelders|Charles of Guelders]] against [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], Oostmalle and the [[Castle de Renesse]] were destroyed by the troops of [[Maarten van Rossum]]. The entire region suffered severely during the [[Eighty Years War]], between the Protestant north of the [[Low Countries]] and the [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish-controlled]] [[Southern Netherlands]].
During the eighties of the 16<sup>th</sup> century, only 23 families survived in Westmalle and they had to hide for four years at [[Westmalle Castle]] because of the [[Spain|Spanish]] troops, which were ravaging the region. During the 17<sup>th</sup> century the region suffered from several attacks from the [[Dutch Republic]]. Around [[1620]], [[Croatia|Croatian]] (In old Flemish: ''Krawaten'') soldiers of the Spanish army occupied Malle. In [[1626]] a ''Chapel of Saint Anthony'' was built in [[Salphen]] for people from Oostmalle who fled their village to escape the [[Bubonic plague|plague]]. At the end of the 17<sup>th</sup> century, during the [[Franco-Dutch War|Dutch War]] (1672–1678) Westmalle was almost entirely burned to ashes.
At the start of the 18<sup>th</sup> century, the region suffered during the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] when French troops occupied Malle in [[1703]]. Following the [[French Revolutionary Wars]] the [[Southern Netherlands|Austrian Netherlands]] were invaded and annexed by the [[First French Republic]] in [[1792]]. Shortly after the invasion of the French army, an epidemic of [[Dysentery|dysentery]] hit Malle.
===Modern era===
After the defeat of [[Napoleon I of France]] in [[1814]], [[Cossack]]s occupied Malle and plundered the village.
Only after the Dutch rule during the period of the [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] ([[1815]]-[[1830]]) and the establishment of the kingdom of [[Belgium]], came a period of increasing prosperity for the region. In [[1885]] Oostmalle became the center for the [[Tram]] network of the region, which would last until 1962. During [[World War I]] and [[World War II]] Malle escaped from severe damage. On [[25 June]] [[1967]], Oostmalle was hit by a tornado which destroyed the church and 135 houses.
On [[1 January]] [[1977]] Oostmalle and Westmalle were reunited, first under the name Westmalle, and since [[30 June]] [[1979]] under the original name Malle.
==Tourism==
Important curiosities of Malle are the [[Trappist Abbey of Westmalle]] and its [[Westmalle Brewery|brewery]], the [[Castle de Renesse]], the [[Scherpenberg mill]], [[Westmalle Castle]] which dates back to 1100, and the Castle of [[Blommerschot]]. The Chapel of [[Our Lady of Perpetual Help]] (Dutch: Onze-Lieve-Vrouw van Bijstand) at the Herentalsebaan, was built by [[Leonard Pierre Joseph du Bus de Gisignies]] in [[1837]]. In [[1930]] a [[Lourdes]] cave was added to the chapel (inaugurated on [[7 May]] [[1933]]), and in [[1934]] a [[Stations of the Cross]] was added in remembrance of King [[Albert I of Belgium]] (sculptor was Simon Gossens).
Malle has three churches, the Church of [[Lawrence of Rome|Saint Lawrence]] (Dutch: Sint Laurentius, Oostmalle), the Church of [[Paul of Tarsus|Saint Paul]] (Dutch: Sint Paulus, Westmalle) and the Church of [[Martin of Tours|Saint Martin]] (Dutch: Sint Martinus, Westmalle). The most important local festivity is the so-called "Salphenkermis" in the hamlet [[Salphen]], with a procession devoted to [[Anthony the Great|Saint Anthony]].
The forests of s Herenbos, Molenbos, Bruulbergen, and Schrabbenbos are worth a visit.
==Twin towns==
Malle is linked to the following towns as [[twin towns]], also known as partner towns:
*{{FRA}}: [[Saint-Savin, Vienne|Saint-Savin]]
*{{GER}}: [[Heusenstamm]]
*{{POL}}: [[Zakrzówek]]
*{{UK}}: [[Hartley Wintney]]
==Economy==
===History===
[[Image:Malle_VanTichelen_Statue_Lollepot_070218.JPG|thumb|100px|right|Lollepot, now the symbol of a neighborhoud]]
Malle is located in the [[Campine]] (Dutch: Kempen) region, which in old times was not densely populated, and consisted of enormous [[Heath (habitat)|heaths]] and marshlands, interrupted by woods and fenlands. Since the Middle Ages the waste lands of the Campine have been cultivated.
Until the 18<sup>th</sup> century Oostmalle was known for his (black) pottery, such as "Lollepotten" which were little stoves used for personal heating in winter.
===Modern era===
Nowadays, Malle is a regional economic centre. It is home to several companies, such as [[ETAP Lighting]], [[ETAP Yachting]], [[Ecover]], and [http://www.mintjens.be/ Meubelfabrieken Karel Mintjens] (which belongs to the [http://www.top500.de/g0032411.htm TOP500 of the Belgan Companies]).
==Notable inhabitants==
* [[May Claerhout]], sculptor
* Viscount [[Leonard Pierre Joseph du Bus de Gisignies]] (1780-1849)
* [[Maria Rosseels]] (1916-2005), journalist and writer
* Joris Van Eyndhoven, bass player in Charlene Dice
==Evolution of inhabitants==
{| align="center" rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="border: 1px solid #999; border-right: 2px solid #999; border-bottom:2px solid #999"
|+ style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"|
|-style="background: #FBEC5D"
===After merger===
! Jaar !! [[1977]]!! [[1980]] !! [[1985]] !! [[1990]] !! [[1995]] !! [[2000]] !! [[2005]] !! [[2006]]
|-
| Inhabitants || align=center| 9798 || align=center| 10.520 || align=center| 11.353 || align=center| 12.096 || align=center| 13.301 || align=center| 13.922 || align=center| 14.150 || align=center| 14.083
|-
| colspan=9 align=center| <small>Remark:Inhabitaints on 01/01 - Bron:NIS
|}
==References==
<references/>
==See also==
* [[Monasterium Magnificat]]
==External links==
* {{nl icon}} [http://www.malle.be Official website]
* {{nl icon}} [http://www.malle.be/algemeen/heemkundige_kring.aspx Heemkundige kring Malle] (Study of the history of Malle)
* {{nl icon}} [http://www.toerisme-malle.be/ Tourism]
* {{nl icon}} [http://www.landvanplaysantien.be/ Land van Playsantiën]
* [http://www.viamichelin.com/viamichelin/gbr/dyn/controller/mapPerformPage?expressMap=false&act=&pim=true&strAddress=&strCP=&strLocation=Malle&strCountry=311&productId=&x=0&y=0#locid=214386p10cNTEuMjk1OTQ_cNC42OTcwNg__ Map]
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[[Category:Municipalities of Antwerp]]
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