Malleus
82952
210265831
2008-05-05T06:16:57Z
Gracillis
4775916
[[th:กระดูกค้อน]]
{{Infobox Bone |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Latin = |
GraySubject = 231 |
GrayPage = 1044 |
Image = Gray916.png |
Caption = Left malleus. A. From behind. B. From within. |
Image2 = Gray912.png |
Caption2 = The right [[membrana tympani]] with the hammer and the [[chorda tympani]], viewed from within, from behind, and from above. (Malleus visible at center.) |
Map = Middle ear map |
MapPos = Malleus|
MapCaption = Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear |
Precursor = 1st [[branchial arch]]<ref>{{EmbryologyUNC|hednk|023}}</ref> |
Origins = |Greek
Insertions = |
Articulations = |
MeshName = Malleus |
MeshNumber = A09.246.397.247.524 |
}}
{{otheruses}}
The '''malleus''' or '''hammer''' is a hammer-shaped small [[bone]] or [[ossicles|ossicle]] of the [[middle ear]] which connects with the [[incus]] and is attached to the inner surface of the [[eardrum]]. The word is [[Latin]] for ''hammer''.
It transmits the sound vibrations from the [[eardrum]] to the ''[[incus]]''.
The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal [[Amniota|amniotes]] called the [[articular]], which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles.<ref>Ramachandran, V. S. and Blakeslee, S. (1999) ‘'Phantoms in the Brain’', p. 210</ref>
==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Illu auditory ossicles.jpg|Ossicles
Image:Gray43.png|Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel’s cartilage and hyoid bar exposed.
Image:Gray907.png|External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side.
Image:Gray919.png|Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum.
</gallery>
== See also ==
* [[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]]
* [[Terms for anatomical location]]
* [[Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles]]
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
[http://www.anatomywiz.com?Malleus1 The Anatomy Wiz]Malleus
{{Auditory system}}
{{HumanBones}}
[[Category:Auditory system]]
[[Category:Skeletal system]]
[[Category:Skull]]
[[Category:Mammal anatomy]]
{{musculoskeletal-stub}}
[[ca:Martell (os)]]
[[da:Hammer (knogle)]]
[[de:Hammer (Anatomie)]]
[[es:Martillo (hueso)]]
[[hr:Čekić (uho)]]
[[id:Tulang martil]]
[[it:Martello (anatomia)]]
[[la:Malleus (os)]]
[[nl:Hamer (gehoorbeentje)]]
[[pl:Młoteczek]]
[[pt:Martelo (osso)]]
[[ru:Молоточек (анатомия)]]
[[fi:Vasaraluu]]
[[th:กระดูกค้อน]]
[[zh:锤骨]]