Malleus 82952 210265831 2008-05-05T06:16:57Z Gracillis 4775916 [[th:กระดูกค้อน]] {{Infobox Bone | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | Latin = | GraySubject = 231 | GrayPage = 1044 | Image = Gray916.png | Caption = Left malleus. A. From behind. B. From within. | Image2 = Gray912.png | Caption2 = The right [[membrana tympani]] with the hammer and the [[chorda tympani]], viewed from within, from behind, and from above. (Malleus visible at center.) | Map = Middle ear map | MapPos = Malleus| MapCaption = Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear | Precursor = 1st [[branchial arch]]<ref>{{EmbryologyUNC|hednk|023}}</ref> | Origins = |Greek Insertions = | Articulations = | MeshName = Malleus | MeshNumber = A09.246.397.247.524 | }} {{otheruses}} The '''malleus''' or '''hammer''' is a hammer-shaped small [[bone]] or [[ossicles|ossicle]] of the [[middle ear]] which connects with the [[incus]] and is attached to the inner surface of the [[eardrum]]. The word is [[Latin]] for ''hammer''. It transmits the sound vibrations from the [[eardrum]] to the ''[[incus]]''. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal [[Amniota|amniotes]] called the [[articular]], which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles.<ref>Ramachandran, V. S. and Blakeslee, S. (1999) ‘'Phantoms in the Brain’', p. 210</ref> ==Additional images== <gallery> Image:Illu auditory ossicles.jpg|Ossicles Image:Gray43.png|Head and neck of a human embryo eighteen weeks old, with Meckel’s cartilage and hyoid bar exposed. Image:Gray907.png|External and middle ear, opened from the front. Right side. Image:Gray919.png|Chain of ossicles and their ligaments, seen from the front in a vertical, transverse section of the tympanum. </gallery> == See also == * [[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]] * [[Terms for anatomical location]] * [[Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles]] ==References== <references/> ==External links== [http://www.anatomywiz.com?Malleus1 The Anatomy Wiz]Malleus {{Auditory system}} {{HumanBones}} [[Category:Auditory system]] [[Category:Skeletal system]] [[Category:Skull]] [[Category:Mammal anatomy]] {{musculoskeletal-stub}} [[ca:Martell (os)]] [[da:Hammer (knogle)]] [[de:Hammer (Anatomie)]] [[es:Martillo (hueso)]] [[hr:Čekić (uho)]] [[id:Tulang martil]] [[it:Martello (anatomia)]] [[la:Malleus (os)]] [[nl:Hamer (gehoorbeentje)]] [[pl:Młoteczek]] [[pt:Martelo (osso)]] [[ru:Молоточек (анатомия)]] [[fi:Vasaraluu]] [[th:กระดูกค้อน]] [[zh:锤骨]]