Maloideae
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{{Taxobox
| name = Maloideae
| image = Malus sikkimensis0.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''Malus sikkimensis'' fruit
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
| subfamilia = '''Maloideae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Amelanchier]]'' - [[serviceberry]], [[juneberry]]<br>
''[[Aronia]]'' - [[chokeberry]]<br>
''[[Chaenomeles]]'' - [[Japanese quince]]<br>
''[[Cotoneaster]]'' - [[cotoneaster]]<br>
''[[Crataegus]]'' - hawthorn<br>
''[[Cydonia (genus)|Cydonia]]'' - [[quince]]<br>
''[[Docynia]]'' <br>
''[[Eriobotrya]]'' - [[loquat]]<br>
''[[Malus|Eriolobus]]'' = ''Malus'' pro parte<br>
''[[Heteromeles]]'' - [[Toyon]]<br>
''[[Holodiscus]]''<br>
''[[Malus]]'' - [[apple]], [[Malus|crabapple]]<br>
''[[Mespilus]]'' - [[medlar]]<br>
''[[Osteomeles]]''<br>
''[[Photinia]]''<br>
''[[Pseudocydonia]]'' - [[Chinese quince]]<br>
''[[Pyracantha]]'' - [[firethorn]]<br>
''[[Pear|Pyrus]]'' - [[pear]]<br>
''[[Rhaphiolepis]]'' - [[Rhaphiolepis|hawthorn]]<br><!-- please do not change hawthorn link to "hawthorn" -->
''[[Sorbus]]'' - [[rowan]], [[whitebeam]], [[Sorbus domestica|service tree]]<br>
''[[Photinia|Stranvaesia]]'' = ''Photinia'' pro parte
}}
The '''Maloideae''' ('''apple''' subfamily) is a large subfamily of the rose family [[Rosaceae]] with 28 genera, including approximately 1100 species worldwide with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
This subfamily consists of [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s characterised in its traditional description by the possession of a [[pome]], a type of [[accessory fruit]], and by a basal haploid [[chromosome]] count of 17 (instead of 7, 8, or 9 as in the other subfamilies). The (mostly) [[syncarpous]] flowers of the plants in this subfamily have two to five [[carpel]]s, which are fused to each other and to the [[hypanthium]] (floral cup). However, they exhibit a considerable variation in this respect. The [[Ovary (plants)|ovary]] is at least three-quarters inferior and matures into the pome fruit.
These features distinguish partly this subfamily from the other subfamilies in the [[Rosaceae]], where the carpels are free or solitary and the ovary superior. Partly, because the flowers in the genera [[Cotoneaster]], [[Heteromeles]], and [[Pyracantha]] are completely [[apocarpous]] (with carpels free from each other), while the genus [[Dichotomanthes]] is [[perigynous]] (sepals, petals and stamens around the edge of the ovary) and has a superior ovary.
The pome is a fruit type unique to this subfamily. It grows through swelling of the [[adnate]] hypanthium. The leaves of the plants in this subfamily are evergreen to deciduous. These leaves come in a wide variety of shapes from simple leaves with entire, toothed or pinnately lobed margins to pinnately compound leaves.They can be thin and [[membranaceous]] or even [[coriaceous]] (having a leathery texture).
More recent taxonomic proposals expand Maloideae to include four [[herb]]aceous genera that are more closely related to the traditional Maloideae than to other species of Rosaceae. These are ''[[Kageneckia]]'', ''[[Lindleya]]'', and ''[[Vauquelinia]]'', which have a haploid chromosome count of 15 or 17 but bear fruits that are [[capsule (fruit)|capsules]], and ''[[Gillenia]]'', which has a haploid chromosome count of 9.
The genus ''Sorbus s.l.'' has been found [[polyphyletic]] and has been split into five genera : ''Sorbus sens. str.'', ''Cormus'', ''Chamaemespilus'', ''Aria'' and ''Torminalis''. ''Eriolobus'' and ''Docyniopsis'' are distinct from ''Malus''. On the other hand ''Micromeles'' has been included in ''Aria'', and ''Stranvaesia'' and ''Aronia'' included in ''Photinia''. <ref >{{cite journal | author=Kenneth R. Robinson, James B. Phipps, Josdeph R. Rohrer| title=Summary of the leaves in the genera of Maloideae (Rosaceae)| journal=Annals if the Missouri Botanical Garden| year=1992| volume=79| issue=1| pages=81–94| doi=10.2307/2399811}}</ref>
The group includes a number of plants bearing commercially important [[fruit]]s, such as [[apple]]s and [[pear]]s, while others are cultivated as ornamentals.
== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
== References ==
*Joseph R. Rohrer, Kenneth R. Robinson, James B. Phipps - ''Floral Morphology of Maloideae (Rosaceae) and its systematic Relevance''; American Journal of Botany, 81 (5), P. 574-581; 1994
[[category:Maloideae]]
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[[ko:배나무아과]]
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