Malonyl-CoA
2468995
210656040
2008-05-06T21:01:56Z
Rockfang
5403270
changing stub name per [[Wikipedia:Stub_types_for_deletion/Log/2008/March/19|SfD]] , typos fixed: degredation → degradation using [[Project:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]]
{{Chembox new
| ImageFile = Malonyl-CoA2.svg
| ImageSize =
| IUPACName =
| OtherNames =
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 524-14-1
| PubChem = 869
| SMILES =
| MeSHName = Malonyl+CoA
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>38</sub>N<sub>7</sub>O<sub>19</sub>P<sub>3</sub>S
| MolarMass = 853.582
| Appearance =
| Density =
| MeltingPt =
| BoilingPt =
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Solubility =
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| Autoignition =
}}
}}
'''Malonyl-CoA''' is a [[coenzyme A]] derivative.
==Functions==
It plays a key role in chain elongation in [[fatty acid]] biosynthesis and [[polyketide]] biosynthesis.
===Fatty acid biosynthesis===
In the former, it provides 2-carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis.
Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating [[acetyl-CoA]] using the enzyme [[acetyl-CoA carboxylase]]. One molecule of acetyl-CoA joins with a molecule of [[carbon dioxide]], requiring energy rendered from [[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]].
Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fatty acid biosynthesis by the enzyme '''malonyl coenzyme A:[[acyl carrier protein]] transacylase''' (MCAT). MCAT serves to transfer [[malonate]] from malonyl-CoA to the terminal [[thiol]] of ''holo''-[[acyl carrier protein]] (ACP).
===Polyketide biosynthesis===
Controversy still exists as to whether MCAT is also involved in bacterial [[polyketide]] biosynthesis, however there is evidence that the acyl carrier protein from a variety of bacterial polyketide synthases is capable of self-malonylation in the presence of malonyl-CoA.
===Regulation===
Malonyl-CoA is a highly-regulated molecule in fatty acid synthesis; as such, it inhibits the rate-limiting step in [[beta-oxidation]] of fatty acids. Malonyl CoA inhibits [[coenzyme A]] from associating with [[carnitine]], thereby preventing coenzyme A from entering the [[mitochondria]] where [[fatty acid oxidation]] and degradation occur.
==See also==
*[[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase]]
*[[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]]
{{metabolism-stub}}
[[Category:Metabolism]]
[[Category:Thioesters]]
[[Category:Coenzymes]]
[[de:Malonyl-CoA]]
[[es:Malonil-CoA]]
[[ja:マロニルCoA]]