Mandible 242300 224968688 2008-07-11T06:28:07Z Gerbrant 190376 rm old cn + rm lateral, dorsal imgs (I've found errors in one, other is of same source, thus also suspect. Further, hard to localize & ugly labelling - please redo these as SVG's with embedded photos) {{Otheruses4|the vertebrate jawbone|the arthropod mandibles|mandible (arthropod)}} {{Nofootnotes|date=June 2008}} {{Infobox Bone | Name = Mandible | Latin = mandibula | GraySubject = 44 | GrayPage = 172 | Image = Gray176.png | Caption = Mandible. Outer surface. Side view | Image2 = Gray177.png | Caption2 = Mandible. Inner surface. Side view | Precursor = 1st [[branchial arch]]<ref>{{EmbryologyUNC|hednk|023}}</ref> | Origins = | Insertions = | Articulations = | MeshName = Mandible | MeshNumber = | }} The '''mandible''' (from Latin ''mandibula'', "jawbone") or ''inferior maxillary bone'' forms the lower [[jaw]] and holds the lower [[tooth|teeth]] in place. ==Components== The mandible consists of: * a curved, horizontal portion, the ''body''. (See [[body of mandible]]). * two perpendicular portions, the ''rami'', which unite with the ends of the body nearly at right angles. (See [[ramus mandibulae]]) * Alveolar process, the tooth bearing area of the mandible (upper part of the body of the mandible) * Condyle, superior (upper) and posterior projection from the ramus, which makes the [[temporomandibular joint]] with the [[temporal bone]] * Coronoid process, superior and anterior projection from the ramus. This provides attachment to the [[temporalis muscle]] ==Foramens== * Mandibular foramen, paired, in the inner (medial) aspect of the mandible, superior to the mandibular angle in the middle of the ramus. * Mental foramen, paired, lateral to the mental protuberance on the body of mandible. ==Nerves== [[Inferior alveolar nerve]], branch of the mandibular division of Trigeminal (V) nerve, enters the mandibular foramen and runs forward in the mandibular canal, supplying sensation to the teeth. At the mental foramen the nerve divides into two terminal branches: incisive and mental nerves. The incisive nerve runs forward in the mandible and supplies the anterior teeth. The mental nerve exits the mental foramen and supplies sensation to the lower lip. == Articulations == The mandible articulates with the ''two'' [[temporal bone]]s at the [[temporomandibular joint]]s == Injuries == Mandibular fractures are often accompanied by a 'twin fracture' on the [[contralateral]] (opposite) side. The mandible may be dislocated anteriorly (to the front) and inferiorly (downwards) but very rarely posteriorly (backwards). Excessive growth of the mandible is linked to balance problems.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} == See also == *[[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]] *[[Terms for anatomical location]] *[[Changes produced in the mandible by age]] *[[Ossification of the mandible]] *[[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]] ==Additional images== <gallery> Image:Human jawbone front.jpg|Front Image:Mandibule.jpg|Mandible Image:Gray181.png|Gray181.png Image:Illu facial bones.jpg|Facial bones Image:Gray188.png|Side view of the skull. Image:Gray190.png|The skull from the front. Image:Gray558.png|The veins of the neck, viewed from in front. </gallery> ==References== <references/> ==External links== * {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|34|st|02|03}} – "Oral Cavity: Bones" * [http://www.uni-mainz.de/FB/Medizin/Anatomie/makro1/ma101.htm Diagram at uni-mainz.de] {{Gray's}} {{Facial bones}} [[Category:Skeletal system]] [[Category:Skull]] [[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]] [[ar:فك سفلي]] [[bs:Donja vilica]] [[ca:Maxil·lar inferior]] [[de:Unterkiefer]] [[dv:ކަތުރު ކަށިގަނޑު]] [[es:Maxilar inferior]] [[eo:Mandiblo]] [[fr:Mandibule (os)]] [[fy:Undertsjeak]] [[gd:Peirceall]] [[gl:Mandíbula]] [[hr:Donja čeljust]] [[it:Mandibola]] [[he:לסת תחתונה]] [[ka:მანდიბულები]] [[ku:Kajû]] [[la:Mandibula]] [[lv:Apakšžoklis]] [[lt:Apatinis žandikaulis]] [[hu:Állkapocscsont]] [[nl:Mandibula (anatomie)]] [[ja:下顎骨]] [[pl:Żuchwa]] [[pt:Mandíbula]] [[simple:Mandible]] [[sk:Sánka]] [[sl:Spodnja čeljustnica]] [[sr:Доња вилица]] [[tl:Pangibabang panga]] [[ta:தாடையெலும்பு]] [[te:హనువు]] [[tr:Mandibula]] [[uk:Нижньощелепна кістка]] [[zh:下颌骨]]