Mandibular second premolar
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2008-01-30T01:47:55Z
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{{Teeth|
toothpicture=Image:Mandibular second premolars01-01-06.png|
text=Mandibular second premolars of permanent teeth marked in red. There are no premolars in [[Deciduous teeth|primary teeth]].|
}}
The '''mandibular second premolar''' is the [[tooth]] located distally (away from the midline of the [[face]]) from both the [[mandibular first premolar]]s of the [[mouth]] but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both [[mandibular first molar]]s. The function of this [[premolar]] is assist the mandibular first molar during [[mastication]], commonly known as chewing. Mandibular second premolars have three [[cusp]]s. There is one large cusp on the buccal side (closest to the cheek) of the tooth. The lingual cusps (located nearer the tongue) are well developed and functional (which refers to cusps assisting during chewing). Therefore, whereas the mandibular first premolar resembles a small canine, the mandibular second premolar is more alike to the first molar. There are no [[deciduous teeth|deciduous]] (baby) mandibular premolars. Instead, the teeth that precede the [[permanent teeth|permanent]] mandibular premolars are the deciduous mandibular molars.
Sometimes, premolars are referred to as '''bicuspids'''. Even though the terms are synonymous, "bicuspid" refers to having two functional cusps, and the mandibular second premolar is an example of a premolar with three functional cusps. Thus, "biscupid" is technically not as accurate as "premolar".
In the [[Universal numbering system (dental)|universal system of notation]], the permanent mandibular premolars are designated by a number. The right permanent mandibular second premolar is known as "29", and the left one is known as "20". In the [[Palmer notation]], a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. For this tooth, the left and right second premolars would have the same number, "5", but the right one would have the symbol, "┐", over it, while the left one would have, "┌". The international notation has a different numbering system than the previous two, and the right permanent mandibular second premolar is known as "45", and the left one is known as "35".
It is a very common condition in orthodontics for a patient to have one or both mandibular second premolars [[congenital|congenitally]] absent.
==References==
*Ash, Major M. and Stanley J. Nelson, 2003. ''Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion.'' 8th edition.
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[[Category:Teeth]]
[[nl:Tweede premolaar]]
[[ja:下顎第二小臼歯]]
[[sr:Други доњи преткутњак]]