Mandrill 469343 221872548 2008-06-26T13:42:59Z 198.151.217.26 {{otheruses}} {{Taxobox | name = Mandrill | status = VU | trend = unknown | status_system = iucn2.3 | image = Mandril.jpg | image_width = 200px | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Primate]]s | familia = [[Cercopithecidae]] | genus = ''[[Mandrillus]]'' | species = '''''M. sphinx''''' | binomial = ''Mandrillus sphinx'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) | range_map = Leefgebied mandril.JPG | range_map_caption = Distribution of the Mandrill in Africa }} The '''Mandrill''' (''Mandrillus sphinx'') is a [[primate]] of the [[Cercopithecidae]] (Old-world [[monkey]]s) family, closely related to the [[baboon]]s and even more closely to the [[Drill (mammal)|Drill]]. Both the Mandrill and the Drill were once classified as baboons in genus ''[[Papio]]'', but recent research has determined that they should be separated into their own [[genus]], ''[[Mandrillus]]''. The Mandrill is the world's largest species of monkey. The word ''mandrill'' means "man-ape". ==Description== The Mandrill is recognized by its [[olive]]-colored fur and the colorful face and rump of males, a coloration that grows stronger with sexual maturity; females have duller colors. This coloration becomes more pronounced as the monkey becomes excited and is likely to be an example of [[sexual selection]]. The coloration on the rump is thought to enhance visibility in the thick vegetation of the rainforest and aids in group movement. Males can weigh up to 60&nbsp;lbs (30&nbsp;kg), females about half as much (30lbs). Unusually large males can weigh 110&nbsp;lbs (50&nbsp;kg).<ref>http://www.waza.org/virtualzoo/factsheet.php?id=106-008-005-002&view=Monkeys</ref> They can grow to be about 1&nbsp;m long (39&nbsp;in) and can survive up to 31 years in captivity. Females reach sexual maturity at about 3.5 years. ==Habitat== The Mandrill is found in the [[tropics|tropical]] [[rainforest]]s of southern Nigeria, southern [[Cameroon]], [[Gabon]], Equatorial Guinea and [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]]. Its distribution is bounded by the Sanaga River to the north and the Ogooué and Ivindo rivers to the east. Recent research suggests that mandrill populations north and south of the Ogooué river are genetically so different as to be different sub-species. ==Behavior== Mandrills are [[social animal|social creatures]] and live in large groups, primarily including females and young and led by a single dominant male. Most adult males are solitary. It is difficult to accurately estimate [[Group size measures|group size]] in the forest, but filming a group crossing a gap between two forest patches or crossing a road is a reliable way of estimating group size. The largest group verifiably observed in this way contained over 1300 individuals, in Lopé National Park, Gabon - the largest [[aggregation]] of non-human primates ever recorded {{Fact|date=March 2007}}. The Mandrill is an [[omnivore]] and acquires its food by foraging (mainly plants, insects and smaller animals) from the ground as it is [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]]. Its main natural predators are [[leopard]]s. A large group of mandrills can cause significant damage to crops in a very short time, and where common they are widely perceived as pests. Mandrills are hunted for food throughout their range, either with guns or using dogs and nets. In Cameroon, habitat loss to agriculture is also a threat. Although the Mandrill does not normally hunt larger prey, males have been observed to hunt and consume [[duiker]] (a small antelope). == Reproduction== The [[gestation]] (pregnancy) time for the Mandrill is 6&ndash;7 months and young are usually born between January and April. However, the mandrill mates throughout the year during the [[estrus]] cycle, which occurs once every 33 days. The interbirth interval is typically 13-14 months. ===Courtship=== During courtship, the male will walk after the female as the female leads. The male will then make little courtship noises, baring his teeth and vocalizing softly. If the female likes what she hears she will orientate her rear towards the male. The male will mount her and they commence [[copulation|copulating]]. After copulation, the female will depart. ===Parenting=== Mandrill infants are born with their eyes open and with fur. They have a black coat and pink skin for the first two months. They cling to their mother's belly immediately and can support their own weight. Mothers form bonds with their children. These bonds last into adulthood with the daughters, while the bonds with the sons last only until his sexual maturity. These bonds entail the two sitting with each other and [[grooming]] each other. ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Mandrill at Milwaukee County Zoo.jpg|At the [[Milwaukee County Zoological Gardens]] Image:Mandrill at Las Aguilas Jungle Park.JPG|At the [[Las Aguilas Jungle Park]] - [[Tenerife]] Image:Mandrill monkey at Chester Zoo.jpg|Mandrill at [[Chester Zoo]], [[UK]]. </gallery> ==References== * {{IUCN2006|assessors=Butynski ''et al''|year=2000|id=12754|title=Mandrillus sphinx|downloaded=6 May 2006}} Listed as Vulnerable (VU A2cd v2.3) *{{MSW3 Groves|pages=165}} *Nowak, Ronald M (1999). Walker's Primates of the World, 151-152. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6251-5. ==External links== {{commonscat|Mandrillus}} {{Wikispecies|Mandrillus sphinx|Mandrill}} *ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Mandrillus_sphinx/ images and movies of the mandrill ''(Mandrillus sphinx)''] {{C.Cercopithecinae nav}} [[Category:Old World monkeys]] [[Category:Mammals of Africa]] [[ca:Mandril]] [[cs:Mandril rýholící]] [[da:Mandril]] [[de:Mandrill]] [[es:Mandrillus sphinx]] [[fa:مندریل]] [[fr:Mandrillus sphinx]] [[is:Mandríll]] [[it:Mandrillus sphinx]] [[lt:Mandrilas]] [[hu:Mandrill]] [[nl:Mandril]] [[ja:マンドリル]] [[no:Mandrill]] [[pl:Mandryl]] [[pt:Mandril]] [[simple:Mandrill]] [[fi:Mandrilli]] [[sv:Mandrill]] [[zh:山魈]]