Manual therapy 1255059 225459678 2008-07-13T20:25:18Z Invigor1841 7188313 /* Styles of manual therapy */ Added an additional type of manual therapy {{refimprove|date=June 2006}} '''Manual Therapy''' encompasses the treatment of [[health]] ailments of various [[etiologies]] through 'hands-on', physical intervention. Physical treatments includes [[massage]], soft tissue mobilization, various connective tissue techniques, myofascial release, craniosacral techniques, [[joint mobilization|mobilization of joints]], [[joint manipulation]], mobilization of neural tissue, visceral mobilization, and [[Strain and counterstrain|strain and counterstrain]]. ==Definitions== A consensus study of US chiropractors <ref>{{cite journal | author = Gatterman MI, Hansen DT. | title = Development of chiropractic nomenclature through consensus | journal = J Manipulative Physiological Therapeutics | volume = 17 | issue = 5 | pages = 302–309 | year = 1994}}</ref> defined manual therapy as "Procedures by which the hands directly contact the body to treat the articulations and/or soft tissues." Alternatively, Korr (1978) described manual therapy as the "Application of an accurately determined and specifically directed manual force to the body, in order to improve mobility in areas that are restricted; in joints, in connective tissues or in skeletal muscles." == Usage == In [[Western Europe]], [[North America]] and [[Australasia]], manual therapy is usually practiced by members of health care professions (e.g. Chiropractors, Physiotherapists/Physical Therapists, Osteopaths, Physiatrists, athletic trainers). However, some lay practitioners (not members of a structured [[profession]]), such as [[bonesetters]] and [[massage therapists]], also provide some forms of manual therapy. A [http://nccam.nih.gov/news/2004/052704.htm survey released in May 2004] by the [[National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine]] focused on who used [[:category:alternative medicine|complementary and alternative medicine]] (CAM), what was used, and why it was used in the United States by adults age 18 years and over during 2002. According to this recent survey, manipulative therapy was the 3rd most commonly used [http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam/ NCCAM] classification of CAM categories (10.9%) in the United States during 2002 ([http://nccam.nih.gov/news/report.pdf] table 4 on page 10) when all use of [[prayer]] was excluded. Consistent with previous studies, this study found that the majority of individuals (i.e., 54.9%) used CAM in conjunction with [[conventional medicine]] (page 6). == Styles of manual therapy == There are many different styles of manual therapy. It is a fundamental feature of [[ayurvedic]] medicine, [[traditional Chinese medicine]] and some forms of [[New Age]] [[alternative medicine]] as well as being used by mainstream medical practitioners. In one form or another it is probably as old as human culture itself and is a feature to some degree of therapeutic interactions in traditional cultures around the world. It may rely partially upon the [[placebo effect]] and can be effective in providing both short and long term relief. Different forms of manipulative therapy are available to choose from: * [[Active Myofasacial Therapy- The Diamond Method]] * [[Acupressure]] * [[Anma]] * [[Body work (alternative medicine)|Body work]] * [[Bone setting]] * [[Bowen Technique]] * [[Dorn method]] * [[Integrative Manual Therapy]] * [[Joint manipulation]] * [[Joint mobilization]] * [[Spinal manipulation]] * [[Spinal mobilization]] * [[Manual Chelation Therapy]] * [[Massage therapy]] * [[Manual lymphatic drainage]] * [[Manual Pattern Recognition]] * [[Matrix Energetics]] * [[Medical acupuncture]] * [[Myofascial Release]] (MFR) * [[Naprapathy]] * [[NeuroFascial Process]] * [[Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy]] * [[Osteopathic medicine]] * [[Reflex Point Therapy]] * [[Rolfing]] * [[Seitai]] * [[Sotai]] * [[Shiatsu]] * [[Sports Massage Therapy]] * [[Traction]] * [[Tui na]] * [[Zheng Gu]] or Chinese bone setting == See also == * [[Acupuncture]] * [[AMTA]] * [[Body Psychotherapy]] * [[Chiropractic]] * [[Osteopathy]] * [[Physical Therapy]] * [[Qigong]] == References == {{reflist}} == Further reading == * {{cite book | author = Karel Lewit | title = Manipulative therapy in rehabilitation of the locomotor system | publisher = Butterworth-Heinemann | location = Oxford | year = 1999 | id = ISBN 0-7506-2964-9}} * {{cite book | author = Weiselfish-Giammatteo, S., J. B. Kain, et al. | title = Integrative manual therapy for the connective tissue system: myofascial release | publisher = North Atlantic Books | location = Berkeley, Calif | year = 2005}} * {{cite book | author = Kimberly Burnham, PhD | title = Integrative Manual Therapy | publisher = The Burnham Review | location = West Hartford, CT | year = 2007}} == External links == * [http://www.aobta.org American Organization for Bodywork Therapies of Asia] * [http://www.manual-med.com European Association for Advanced Manual and Manipulative Therapies] * [http://www.theburnhamreview.com/Back_Issues.php Evidence Based Medicine in the field of Traditional Medicine, Integrative Medicine and Manual Therapy] [[Category:Orthopedics]] [[Category:Manipulative therapy|*]] {{Alt-med-stub}} [[Category:Orthopedics]] [[Category:Manipulative therapy|*]] [[de:Manuelle Therapie]] [[no:Manuellterapi]]