Mariah Carey
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<!--FIRST WARNING! STOP! Do not remove this age. In the first few years of her career, constantly gave her date of birth in interviews; it is 1970. Stop Uploading pictures with no apparent license for no apparent reason and placing them into this article. Additionally, Mariah has stated a hundred times that she has NO middle name-->
{{otheruses4|the singer|the singer's self-titled album|Mariah Carey (album)}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| Name = Mariah Carey
| Img =Mariah_Carey_2_by_David_Shankbone.jpg
| Img_capt = Mariah Carey at the 2008 [[Tribeca Film Festival]]
| Background = solo_singer
| Birth_name = Mariah Carey
| Born = {{birth date and age|1970|3|27}}<ref>[http://preview.ussearch.com/preview/ala/newsearch?&searchLName=Carey&searchFName=Mariah%20&searchState=NY&adID=2190005073&adsource=53&TID=0&cid=people&searchtab=people&sourceid=28qBXpyGHYs-p6sZr._xG6aZvgJkxeyHiA Mariah's birth records of 1970]</ref><ref name="Allmusic">{{cite web|last=Ankeny|first=Jason|title=Mariah Carey > Biography|url=http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:hvfpxqq5ld0e~T1|work=AllMusic.com|date=2008-04-15|accessdate=2008-07-05}}</ref> [[Huntington, New York|Huntington]], [[Long Island]], [[New York]], [[United States]]
| Origin =
| Genre = [[pop music|Pop]], [[contemporary R&B|R&B]]
| Associated_acts =
| Occupation = [[Singer]], [[songwriter]], [[record producer]], [[actor|actress]]
| Years_active = 1990-present
| Label = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] <small>(1989-2000)</small><br>[[Virgin Records|Virgin]] <small>(2001-2002)</small><br>[[Island Records|Island]] <small>(2002-present)</small>
| URL = [http://www.mariahcarey.com/ www.mariahcarey.com]
}}
'''Mariah Carey''' (born [[March 27]] [[1970]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[singer]], [[songwriter]], [[record producer]], and [[actor|actress]].<!--STOP! Do not separate this sentence from the rest of the paragraph. There is absolutely no reason to do so, and it makes the lead disjointed.--> She made her recording debut in 1990 under the guidance of [[Columbia Records]] executive [[Tommy Mottola]], and became the first recording artist to have her first five singles top the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart. Following her marriage to Mottola in 1993, a series of hit records established her position as Columbia's highest-selling act. According to ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' magazine, she was the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.<ref>Shapiro, Marc. ''Mariah Carey'' (2001). pg. 145. UK: ECW Press, Canada. ISBN 1-55022-444-1.</ref>
Following her separation from Mottola in 1997, Carey introduced elements of [[hip hop music|hip hop]] into her album work, to much initial success, but her popularity was in decline when she left Columbia in 2001, and she was dropped by [[Virgin Records]] the following year after a highly publicized physical and emotional breakdown, as well as the poor reception given to ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'', her film and soundtrack project. In 2002, Carey signed with [[Island Records]], and after a relatively unsuccessful period, she returned to pop music in 2005.<ref>Lamb, Bill. [http://top40.about.com/b/2005/06/04/mariah-carey-comeback-of-the-year.htm "Mariah Carey- Comeback of the Year"]. ''[[About.com]]''. [[June 4]], [[2005]]. Retrieved [[March 12]], [[2008]].</ref><ref name="Boston">Anderman, Joan. [http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2006/02/05/carey_on/ "Cary's On"]. ''[[The Boston Globe]]''. [[February 5]], [[2006]]. Retrieved [[March 12]], [[2008]].</ref>
Carey was named the best-selling female pop artist of the millennium at the 2000 [[World Music Awards]].<ref name="best selling">[http://web.archive.org/web/20001015144058/www.montecarloresort.com/awards/00/w00res00.htm "Winners of the World Music Awards"]. [[World Music Award]]s. May 2000. Retrieved [[November 19]] [[2006]] from the [[Internet Archive#Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]]; [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_25_97/ai_62590960/ "Michael Jackson And Mariah Carey Named Best-Selling Artists Of Millennium At World Music Awards In Monaco"]. ''[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]''. [[May 29]] [[2000]]. Retrieved [[November 19]] [[2006]].</ref> She has had the most number-one singles for a solo artist in the United States (eighteen; second artist overall behind [[The Beatles]]),<ref name="18No1">Pietroluongo, Silvio. [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003784083 Mariah, Madonna Make Billboard Chart History]. ''[[Billboard Magazine|Billboard]]''. [[April 2]], [[2008]]. Retrieved [[April 2]], [[2008]]</ref> where, according to the [[Recording Industry Association of America]], she is the third best-selling female and sixteenth overall recording artist in the U.S..<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt "Gold and Platinum - Top Selling Artists"]. [[Recording Industry Association of America]].</ref> In addition to her commercial accomplishments, Carey has earned five [[Grammy Award]]s, and is well-known for her [[vocal range]], [[belt (music)|power]], [[melisma]]tic style, and use of the [[whistle register]].
== Life and music career ==
=== Childhood and youth ===
Carey was born in [[Huntington, New York|Huntington]], [[Long Island]], [[New York]]. She is the third and youngest child of Patricia (née Hickey), a former opera singer and vocal coach of [[Irish people|Irish]] descent, and Alfred Roy Carey, an aeronautical engineer of [[Afro-Venezuelan]] descent.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 16.</ref><ref>[http://racerelations.about.com/od/skillsbuildingresources/g/mulattodef.htm "Mulatto - An Invisible American Identity"]. racerelations.about.com. Retrieved [[April 3]] [[2008]].</ref> Carey's parents divorced when she was three years old.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 19-20.</ref> While living in Huntington, racist neighbors allegedly poisoned the family dog and set fire to her family's car.<ref name="smellperfume"/> After her parents' divorce, Carey had little contact with her father, and her mother worked several jobs to support the family. She spent much of her time at home alone, and turned to music to occupy herself. She began singing at around the age of three, when her mother began to teach her after Carey imitated her mother practicing [[Verdi]]'s opera ''[[Rigoletto]]'' in Italian.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 18-19.</ref>
She graduated from [[Harborfields High School]] in [[Greenlawn, New York]]. She was frequently absent due to her work as a [[demo (music)|demo]] singer for local recording studios; her classmates consequently gave her the nickname "[[wiktionary:mirage|Mirage]]".<ref>Shapiro, pg. 31.</ref> Her work in the Long Island music scene gave her opportunities to work with musicians such as [[Gavin Christopher]] and [[Ben Margulies]], with whom she co-wrote material for her demo tape. After moving to New York City, Carey worked part-time jobs to pay the rent and completed five hundred hours of beauty school.<ref>Handelman, David. "Miss Mariah". ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]''. December 1997.</ref> Eventually, she became a backup singer for [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rican]] [[freestyle music|freestyle]] singer [[Brenda K. Starr]].
In 1988, Carey met Columbia Records executive [[Tommy Mottola]] at a party, where Starr gave him Carey's demo tape. Mottola played the tape when leaving the party and was impressed. He returned to find Carey, but she had left. Nevertheless, Mottola tracked her down and signed her to a recording contract. This [[Cinderella]]-like story became part of the standard publicity surrounding Carey's entrance into the industry.<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996">Gardner, Elysa. "Cinderella Story". ''[[VIBE]]''. April 1996.</ref>
=== 1990-1992: Early commercial success ===
Carey co-wrote the tracks on her 1990 [[debut album]] ''[[Mariah Carey (album)|Mariah Carey]]'', and she has continued to co-write the majority of her material since. During the recording, she expressed dissatisfaction with the contributions of producers such as [[Ric Wake]] and [[Rhett Lawrence]], whom the executives at Columbia had enlisted to help make the album more commercially viable.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 47, 60.</ref> Backed by a substantial promotional budget, the album reached number one on the U.S. [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] chart, where it remained for several weeks. It yielded four number-one singles, and made Carey a star in the United States, but was less successful in other countries. Critics rated the album highly, and Carey won [[Grammy Award|Grammys]] for [[Best New Artist]], and—for her debut single, "[[Vision of Love]]"<ref>{{cite web|title=Mariah Carey > Charts & Awards (Grammy Awards)|url=http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:hvfpxqq5ld0e~T52|work=AllMusic.com|accessdate=2008-07-05}}</ref>—[[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="Allmusic"/>
[[Image:IBT.jpg|100x120|left|thumb|Carey's 1992 ''[[MTV Unplugged]]'' concert showed her ability to produce her vocal style outside a studio setting. {{audio|MariahCareyEmotions(Live).ogg|Audio sample of "Emotions"}}]]
Carey conceived ''[[Emotions (album)|Emotions]]'', her second album, as a homage to [[Motown]] [[soul music]] (see [[Motown Sound]]), and she worked with [[Walter Afanasieff]] and [[Robert Clivillés|Clivillés]] & [[David B. Cole|Cole]] (from the [[dance music|dance]] group [[C&C Music Factory]]) on the record. It was released soon after her debut album—in late 1991—but was neither critically nor commercially as successful; ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' described it as "more of the same, with less interesting material [...] pop-psych love songs played with airless, intimidating expertise".<ref>Evans, Paul. ''The Rolling Stone Album Guide'' (1992). pg. 110-111. UK: Virgin Books. ISBN 0-86369-643-0.</ref> The title track "[[Emotions (song)|Emotions]]" made Carey the only recording act to have their first five singles reach number one on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] chart, though the album's follow-up singles failed to match this feat. Carey had been lobbying to produce her own songs, and beginning with ''Emotions'', she has co-produced most of her material. "I didn't want [''Emotions''] to be somebody else's vision of me", she said. "There's more of me on this album".<ref>Shapiro, pg. 62.</ref>
Although Carey performed live occasionally, stage fright prevented her from embarking on a major tour.<ref>Kaufman, Gil. [http://www.vh1.com/news/editorial/?page=1&contentId=1583255 "20 Things You Didn't Know About Mariah Carey"]. ''[[VH1]]''. [[March 12]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2008]].</ref> Her first widely seen appearance was featured on the television show ''[[MTV Unplugged]]'' in 1992, and she remarked that she felt her performance that night proved her vocal abilities were not, as some had previously speculated, simulated with studio equipment.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 69.</ref> Alongside acoustic versions of some of her earlier songs, Carey premiered a cover of [[The Jackson 5]]'s "[[I'll Be There]]" with her back-up singer [[Trey Lorenz]]. The duet was released as a single, reached number one in the U.S., and led to a record deal for Lorenz,<ref name="Allmusic"/> whose debut album Carey later co-produced.<ref>{{cite web|title=Trey Lorenz > Credits|url=http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:0cfixqy5ldde~T2|work=AllMusic.com|accessdate=2008-07-05}}</ref> Because of high [[Nielsen Ratings|ratings]] for the ''Unplugged'' television special, the concert's set list was released on the EP ''[[MTV Unplugged (EP)|MTV Unplugged]]'', which ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' called "the strongest, most genuinely musical record she has ever made [...] Did this live performance help her take her first steps toward growing up?".<ref>Sandow, Greg. "''MTV Unplugged EP''". ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''. [[June 19]] [[1992]].</ref>
=== 1993-1996: Worldwide popularity ===
Carey and [[Tommy Mottola]] had become involved romantically during the making of her debut album, and in June 1993, they were married.
[[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds]] consulted on the album ''[[Music Box (album)|Music Box]]'', which was released later that year and became Carey's most successful worldwide. It yielded her first [[UK Singles Chart]] number-one,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onlineweb.com/theones/auxiliary_pages/double_top.htm |title=The UK Number Ones : Double Tops |work=A Half Century of British Number Ones}} Retrieved [[January 2]] [[2008]].</ref> a cover of [[Badfinger]]'s "[[Without You]]", and the U.S. number-ones "[[Dreamlover]]" and "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]". ''Billboard'' magazine proclaimed it "heart-piercing [...] easily the most elemental of Carey's releases, her vocal [[wikt:eurythmics|eurythmics]] in natural sync with the songs",<ref>White, Timothy. "Mariah Carey's stirring 'Music Box'". ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. New York: pg. 5, [[August 28]] [[1993]], Vol. 105, Iss. 35.</ref> but ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]'' magazine lamented Carey's attempt at a mellower work, "[''Music Box''] seems perfunctory and almost passionless [...] Carey could be a pop-soul great; instead she has once again settled for [[Antonio Salieri|Salieri]]-like mediocrity."<ref>Farley, Christopher John. [http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,979158,00.html "Hurray! a B Minus!"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]''. [[September 6]] [[1993]]. Retrieved [[March 4]] [[2006]].</ref> In response to such comments, Carey said, "As soon as you have a big success, a lot of people don't like that. There's nothing I can do about it. All I can do is make music I believe in."<ref>Shapiro, pg. 78.</ref> Most critics slighted the opening of her subsequent U.S. [[Music Box Tour]].<ref>Shapiro, pg. 84.</ref>
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In late 1994, after her duet with [[Luther Vandross]] on a cover of [[Lionel Richie]] and [[Diana Ross]]'s "[[Endless Love (song)|Endless Love]]" became a hit, Carey released the holiday album ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]''. It contained cover material and original compositions such as "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]", which became Carey's biggest single in [[Japan]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.wbs.ne.jp/~ms-db/oricon/japan%20no1%20single%2068-.htm |title=Japan - No1 Single (1968-2007) |language=Japanese}} Retrieved [[January 2]] [[2008]].</ref> and, in subsequent years, emerged as one of her most perennially popular songs on U.S. radio.<ref name="AMG">[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:gf2gtq4ztu4a~T51 "Mariah Carey – Billboard Singles"]. [[Allmusic]]. Retrieved [[September 19]] [[2006]].</ref> Critical reception of ''Merry Christmas'' was mixed, with [[Allmusic]] calling it an "otherwise vanilla set [...] pretensions to high opera on '[[O Holy Night]]' and a horrid danceclub take on '[[Joy to the World]]'".<ref>Parisien, Roch. [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:dem1z88aoyv2~T1 "''Merry Christmas'' - Review"]. ''[[Allmusic]]''. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> It became the most successful Christmas album of all time.<ref>Healey, Mitchell. "Carey On". ''[[V (American magazine)|V]]''. [[January 20]] [[2006]].</ref>
In 1995, Columbia released Carey's fifth album, ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'', which combined the pop sensibilities of ''Music Box'' with downbeat R&B and [[hip hop music|hip hop]] influences. A remix of "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]", its first single, featured rapper [[Ol' Dirty Bastard]]. Carey said that Columbia reacted negatively to her intentions for the album: "Everybody was like 'What, are you crazy?'. They're very nervous about breaking the formula."<ref>Shapiro, pg. 92.</ref> It became her biggest-selling album in the U.S., and its singles achieved similar success — "Fantasy" became the second single to debut at number one in the U.S. and topped the [[Canadian Singles Chart]] for twelve weeks, "[[One Sweet Day]]" (a duet with [[Boyz II Men]]) spent a record-holding sixteen weeks at number one in the U.S., and "[[Always Be My Baby]]" (co-produced by [[Jermaine Dupri]]) was the most successful on U.S. radio in 1996, according to ''Billboard'' magazine. ''Daydream'' generated career-best reviews for Carey,<ref>Shapiro, pg. 94-96.</ref> and publications such as ''[[The New York Times]]'' named it one of 1995's best albums; the ''Times'' wrote that its "best cuts bring pop candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement [...] Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward, becoming more relaxed, sexier and less reliant on thudding clichés".<ref>Holden, Stephen. "Mariah Carey Glides Into New Territory". ''[[The New York Times]]''. pg. 76, [[October 13]] [[1995]].</ref> The short but profitable [[Daydream World Tour]] augmented sales of the album, which received six Grammy Award nominations.
=== 1997-2000: New image and independence ===
Carey and Mottola officially separated in 1997. Although the public image of the marriage was a happy one, she said that in reality she had felt trapped by her relationship with Mottola, whom she often described as controlling.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 97-98.</ref> They officially announced their separation in 1997, and their divorce became final the following year. Soon after the separation, Carey hired an independent publicist and a new attorney and manager. She continued to write and produce for other artists during this period, contributing to the debut albums of [[Allure (group)|Allure]] and [[7 mile|7 Mile]] through her short-lived imprint [[Crave Records]].
Carey's next album, ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]'' (1997), yielded the number-one single "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]", the lyrics and [[music video]] for which presented a more overtly sexual image of her than had been previously seen.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 101; Handelman.</ref> She stated that ''Butterfly'' marked the point that she attained full creative control over her music.<ref name="foxnewsbiography">[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,205054,00.html Mariah Carey's Biography]. [[Fox News]]. [[March 24]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[April 1]] [[2008]].</ref> However, she added: "I don't think it's that much of a departure from what I've done in the past [...] It's not like I went psycho and thought I was going to be a rapper. Personally, this album is about doing whatever the hell I wanted to do."<ref>Shapiro, pg. 101.</ref> Reviews were generally positive: [[LAUNCHcast]] said ''Butterfly'' "pushes the envelope", a move its critic thought "may prove disconcerting to more conservative fans" but praised as "a welcome change".<ref>Reynolds, J.R. [http://music.yahoo.com/read/review/12029416/ "Album Review: ''Butterfly''"]. [[Yahoo! Music]]. [[September 16]] [[1997]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote, "[''Butterfly''] is easily the most personal, confessional-sounding record she's ever done [...] Carey-bashing just might become a thing of the past."<ref>Johnson, Connie. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. pg. 58, [[September 14]] [[1997]].</ref> The album was a commercial success—though not to the degree of her previous three albums—and "[[My All]]" (her thirteenth [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]] number-one) gave her the record for the most U.S. number-ones by a female artist.
Towards the turn of the millennium, Carey was developing the film project ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'', and wrote songs for the films ''[[Men in Black (film)|Men in Black]]'' (1997), and ''[[How the Grinch Stole Christmas (film)|How the Grinch Stole Christmas]]'' (2000). During the production of ''Butterfly'', Carey became romantically involved with [[New York Yankees]] baseball star [[Derek Jeter]]. Their relationship ended in 1998, with both parties citing media interference as the main reason for the split.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 112.</ref> The same year, Columbia released the album ''[[Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)|#1's]]'', a collection of Carey's U.S. number-one singles alongside new material, which she said was a way of rewarding her fans.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 116.</ref> The song "[[When You Believe]]", a duet with [[Whitney Houston]], was recorded for the soundtrack of ''[[The Prince of Egypt]]'' (1998) and won an [[Academy Award]]. ''#1's'' sold above expectations, but a review in ''[[NME]]'' labeled Carey "a purveyor of saccharine bilge like 'Hero', whose message seems wholesome enough: that if you vacate your mind of all intelligent thought, flutter your eyelashes and wish hard, sweet babies and honey will follow".<ref>[http://www.nme.com/reviews/mariah-carey/435/ "''#1's''"]. ''[[NME]]''. Retrieved [[March 10]] [[2006]].</ref> Also that year, she appeared on the first televised ''[[VH1 Divas]]'' [[benefit concert]] program, though her alleged [[prima donna]] behavior had already led many to consider her a [[diva]].<ref>Haring, Bruce. [http://music.yahoo.com/read/news/12039762/ "Mariah: I'm Not a Diva"]. [[Yahoo! Music]]. [[May 14]] [[1998]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> By the following year, she had entered a relationship with singer [[Luis Miguel]].
''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]'', Carey's seventh studio album, was released in 1999 and comprised more R&B/hip hop-oriented songs, many of them co-created with [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]].<ref name="jimmy">[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2000_August_31/ai_64995670 Hitmaking Producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis Score 14th No. 1 Hit Song]. Business Wire. [[August 31]], [[2000]]. Retrieved [[March 31]] [[2008]].</ref> "[[Heartbreaker (Mariah Carey song)|Heartbreaker]]" and "[[Thank God I Found You]]" (the former featuring [[Jay-Z]], the latter featuring [[Joe (singer)|Joe]] and boy band [[98 Degrees]]) reached number one in the U.S.,<ref name="jimmy"/> and the success of the former made Carey the only act to have a number-one single in each year of the 1990s. A cover of [[Phil Collins]]'s "[[Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)]]" went to number one in the UK after Carey re-recorded it with boy band [[Westlife]]. Media reception of ''Rainbow'' was generally enthusiastic, with the ''[[Sunday Herald]]'' saying the album "sees her impressively tottering between soul ballads and collaborations with R&B heavyweights like [[Snoop Doggy Dogg]], [[Usher (entertainer)|Usher]] [...] It's a polished collection of pop-soul".<ref>Virtue, Graham. "''Rainbow'', Mariah Carey". ''[[Sunday Herald]]'', [[November 7]] [[1999]].</ref> ''[[VIBE]]'' magazine expressed similar sentiments, writing, "She pulls out all stops [...] ''Rainbow'' will garner even more adoration",<ref>"Mariah Carey, ''Rainbow''". ''[[VIBE]]''. pg. 258, December 1999.</ref> but it became Carey's lowest selling album up to that point,<ref name="foxnewsbiography"/> and there was a recurring criticism that the tracks were too alike. When the [[double A-side]] "[[Crybaby (song)|Crybaby]]" (featuring Snoop Dogg)/"[[Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)]]" became her first single to peak outside the U.S. top twenty, Carey accused Sony of under promoting it: "The political situation in my professional career is not positive [...] I'm getting a lot of negative feedback from certain corporate people", she wrote on her official website.<ref>Shapiro, pg. 134.</ref>
=== 2001-2004: Personal and professional struggles ===
After receiving [[Billboard Artist of the Decade Award|''Billboard'''s Artist of the Decade Award]] and the World Music Award for Best-Selling Female Artist of the Millennium,<ref name="best selling"/> Carey parted from Columbia and signed a contract with [[EMI]]'s [[Virgin Records]] worth a reported US$80 million.<ref name="Boston"/> She often stated that Columbia had regarded her as a commodity, with her separation from Mottola exacerbating her relations with label executives. Just a few months later, in July 2001, it was widely reported that Carey had suffered a physical and emotional breakdown. She had left messages on her website complaining of being overworked,<ref>Friedman, Roger. [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,30577,00.html "Mariah Melts Down; Madonna Disappoints"]. [[Fox News Channel]]. [[July 26]] [[2001]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> and her relationship with Luis Miguel was ending.<ref>Davies, Hugh. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/07/28/wcarey28.xml Let me sort myself out, singer Carey tells fans]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. [[July 28]] [[2001]]. Retrieved [[April 1]] [[2008]].</ref> In an interview the following year, she said, "I was with people who didn't really know me, and I had no personal assistant. I'd be doing interviews all day long, getting two hours of sleep a night, if that."<ref name="USAToday-Nov2002">Gardner, Elysa. [http://www.usatoday.com/life/dcovfri.htm "Mariah Carey, 'standing again'"]. ''[[USA Today]]''. [[November 28]] [[2002]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> During an appearance on [[MTV]]'s ''[[Total Request Live]]'', Carey handed out [[ice pop|popsicles]] to the audience and began what was later described as a "strip tease".<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2002-12-03#celeb5 "Carey Shocked by MTV Striptease Fuss"]. The [[Internet Movie Database]]. [[December 3]] [[2002]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> By the month's end, she had checked into a hospital, and her publicist announced that Carey was taking a break from public appearances.<ref name="CNN-Aug2001">Cook, Shanon. [http://archives.cnn.com/2001/WorldBeat/08/13/mariah.carey/ "Mariah before breakdown - 'It all seems like one continuous day'"]. [[CNN]]. [[August 14]] [[2001]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref>
Critics panned ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'', Carey's much delayed semi-autobiographical film, and it was a box office failure.<ref name="smellperfume">Patterson, Sylvia. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2008/03/16/sv_mariahcarey.xml Mariah Carey: Come in and smell the perfume]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. [[March 17]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[March 31]] [[2008]].</ref> The accompanying soundtrack album, ''[[Glitter (Mariah Carey album)|Glitter]]'', was inspired by the music of the 1980s and featured collaborations with [[Rick James]] and [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]]; it generated Carey's worst showing on the U.S. chart. The ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' dismissed it as "an absolute mess that'll go down as an annoying blemish on a career that, while not always critically heralded, was at least nearly consistently successful",<ref>Johnson, Kevin C. "Mariah Carey's New "Glitter" Is a Far Cry from Golden". ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]''. pg. F.5, [[September 16]] [[2001]] [FIVE STAR LIFT Edition].</ref> while ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]'' magazine opined, "After years of trading her signature flourishes for a radio-ready purr, [Carey]'s left with almost no presence at all."<ref>"''Glitter''". ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]''. pg. 118, August–September 2001.</ref> The lead single, "[[Loverboy (Mariah Carey song)|Loverboy]]" (featuring [[Cameo (band)|Cameo]]), reached number two on the Hot 100 thanks to a price cut,<ref name="CNN-Aug2001"/> but the album's follow-up singles failed to chart.
Columbia released the low-charting compilation album ''[[Greatest Hits (Mariah Carey album)|Greatest Hits]]'' shortly after the failure of ''Glitter'', and in early 2002, Virgin bought out Carey's contract for $28 million,<ref name="Boston"/> creating further negative publicity. Carey later said her time at Virgin was "a complete and total stress-fest [...] I made a total snap decision which was based on money, and I never make decisions based on money. I learned a big lesson from that."<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4690602.stm "The fall and rise of Mariah Carey"]. [[BBC.co.uk]]. [[February 8]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref> Later that year, she signed a $20 million contract with [[Island Records]],<ref name="termsofrecord">Holson, Laura M. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04E5D71330F93AA35756C0A9649C8B63 Mariah Carey And Universal Agree to Terms Of Record Deal]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. [[May 9]] [[2002]]. Retrieved [[April 1]] [[2008]].</ref> and launched the record label [[MonarC]]. To add further to Carey's emotional burdens, her father, with whom she had little contact since childhood, died of cancer that year.<ref>Rader, Dotson. [http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2005/edition_06-05-2005/featured_0 "I Didn’t Feel Worthy Of Happiness"]. [[Parade (magazine)|Parade]]. [[June 05]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[June 29]] [[2008]].</ref>
Following a well-received supporting role in the 2002 film ''[[WiseGirls]]'', Carey released the album ''[[Charmbracelet]]'', which she said marked "a new lease on life" for her.<ref name="USAToday-Nov2002"/> Sales of ''Charmbracelet'' were moderate, and the quality of Carey's vocals came under severe criticism. The ''[[Boston Globe]]'' declared the album "the worst of her career, revealing a voice no longer capable of either gravity-defying gymnastics or soft coos",<ref>Anderman, Joan. "For Carey, the Glory's Gone but the Glitter Lives On". ''[[Boston Globe]]''. pg. D.4, [[September 10]] [[2003]] [THIRD Edition].</ref> and ''Rolling Stone'' commented, "Carey needs bold songs that help her use the power and range for which she is famous. ''Charmbracelet'' is like a stream of watercolors that bleed into a puddle of brown."<ref>Walters, Barry. [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/265313/charmbracelet "''Charmbracelet''"]. ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. New York: pg. 93, [[December 12]] [[2002]], iss. 911.</ref> The album's only charting single in America, "[[Through the Rain]]", was a failure on [[pop radio]], which had become less open to maturing "diva" stylists such as [[Celine Dion]], or Carey herself in favor of younger singers such as [[Kelly Clarkson]] or [[Christina Aguilera]], who had vocal styles very similar to Carey's.<ref name="USAToday-Nov2002"/>
"[[I Know What You Want]]", a 2003 [[Busta Rhymes]] single on which Carey guest starred, fared considerably better and reached the U.S. top five. Columbia later included it on the remix collection ''[[The Remixes (Mariah Carey album)|The Remixes]]'', Carey's first album not to receive an [[RIAA sales certification]]. That year, she embarked on the [[Charmbracelet World Tour]] and was awarded the [[Chopard Diamond award]] for selling over 100 million albums worldwide.<ref>[http://www.worldmusicawards.com/diamondaward.html "Diamond Award"]. [[World Music Awards]]. Retrieved [[April 7]] [[2006]].</ref> She was featured on rapper [[Jadakiss]]'s 2004 single "[[U Make Me Wanna]]", which reached the top ten on ''Billboard'''s [[Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs|R&B/Hip-Hop chart]].
=== 2005-Present: Return to Prominence ===
[[Image:Mariah Carey in August 2006 3.jpg|left|thumb|220px|Carey performing on stage with her dancers in [[Tampa, Florida]] during her successful [[The Adventures of Mimi Tour]] on [[August 07]], [[2006]]]]
Carey's tenth studio album, ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]'' (2005), contained contributions from producers such as [[The Neptunes]], [[Kanye West]] and Carey's longtime collaborator, [[Jermaine Dupri]]. Carey said it was "very much like a party record [...] the process of putting on makeup and getting ready to go out [...] I wanted to make a record that was reflective of that."<ref>Ferber, Lawrence. "Mariah Carey: Free at last". ''[[HX Magazine|HX]]''. [[April 4]] [[2005]].</ref>; ''The Emancipation of Mimi'' became 2005's best-selling album in the U.S., and ''[[The Guardian]]'' reviewer defined it as "cool, focused and urban [... some of] the first Mariah Carey tunes in years I wouldn't have to be paid to listen to again".<ref>Sullivan, Caroline. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/reviews/story/0,11712,1449385,00.html "Mariah Carey, ''The Emancipation of Mimi''"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. [[April 1]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> The album earned Carey a Grammy Award for [[Best Contemporary R&B Album]], and the single "[[We Belong Together]]" won [[Best Female R&B Vocal Performance]] and [[Best R&B Song]]. "We Belong Together" held the Hot 100's number-one position for fourteen weeks, her longest run at the top as a solo lead artist. Subsequently, the single "[[Shake It Off]]" reached number two for a week, making Carey one of fewer than a dozen music acts to have simultaneously held the Hot 100's top two positions, and the first female to do so with two lead vocals. (While topping the charts in 2002, [[Ashanti]] was the "featured" singer on the #2 single.)<ref>http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4658871-1.html</ref><ref>Bronson, Fred; "The Billboard Book of Number One Hits", pg. 44</ref><ref>Feldman, Christopher; "The Billboard Book of Number Two Hits"</ref> <ref>Jeckell, Barry A. [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001053107 "Mariah Matches Hot 100 Milestone"]. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. [[September 1]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[June 9]] [[2006]].</ref><ref>[http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001053461 Chart Beat]. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. [[September 1]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[June 10]] [[2008]].</ref>
Carey began a concert tour in mid-2006, called [[The Adventures of Mimi Tour]], which was the most successful tour of her career, although some dates had to be canceled.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/26/AR2006102600632.html "Mariah Carey's Hong Kong Show Canceled"]. ''[[Washington Post]]''. [[October 26]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[December 15]] [[2007]].</ref> She appeared on the cover of the March 2007 edition of ''[[Playboy]]'' magazine on a non-nude photo session.<ref>[http://www.nypost.com/seven/12312006/gossip/pagesix/modest_mariah_pagesix_.htm "Modest Mariah"]. ''[[New York Post]]''. [[December 31]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[January 27]] [[2007]].</ref> In early 2007, she was featured with [[Bow Wow]] on the [[Bone Thugs-n-Harmony]] single "[[Lil' L.O.V.E.]]". Later in the year, Carey received a "recording star" on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]],<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-06-23-walk-fame_x.htm "Hollywood Walk of Fame names 2007 honorees"]. [[Associated Press]]. [[June 23]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[August 1]] [[2006]].</ref> and she has been inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame on [[October 21]], [[2007]].
By spring 2007, she had begun working on her eleventh studio album. ''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]].''<ref>[http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2073 "MARIAH CAREY ANNOUNCES NEW ALBUM E=MC2"] ''MariahCarey.com''. Retrieved [[February 13]] [[2008]].</ref> Two weeks before the album's release, on [[April 2]] [[2008]], "Touch My Body" became Carey's eighteenth number-one single on the [[Billboard Hot 100|Hot 100]], pushing her past [[Elvis Presley]] into second place for the most number-one singles among all artists in the rock era, according to ''Billboard'' magazine's revised methodology (however, their statistician [[Joel Whitburn]] still credits Presley with an eighteenth).<ref name="18No1"/><ref>Bronson, Fred. [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/chart_beat/bonus_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001736670 "Chart Beat Chat"]. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. [[December 22]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref><ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23918924/ Mariah Carey surpasses Elvis in No. 1s]. [[MSNBC]]. [[April 2]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[April 2]] [[2008]].</ref><ref>Pietroluongo, Silvio. [http://www.reuters.com/article/entertainmentNews/idUSN0240801220080402 Mariah, Madonna eclipse Elvis in Billboard charts]. [[Reuters]]. [[April 2]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[April 2]] [[2008]].</ref> Carey is now second only to [[The Beatles]] who have twenty number-one singles.<ref>Bronson, Fred. [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003781835 Mariah Closing In On Record For No. 1 Hits]. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. [[March 28]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[April 2]] [[2008]].</ref>
Carey's singles have, collectively, topped the charts for seventy-nine weeks, which places her just behind Presley, who topped the combined charts for eighty weeks.<ref>[Whitburn, Joel, ''Top Pop Singles 1955-2006,'' pg. 1139]</ref> Carey has also had notable success on international charts, though not to the same degree as her native America. Thus far, she has had two number-one singles in Britain, two in Australia, and six in Canada. Her highest-charting single in Japan peaked at number two.<ref>http://www.onlineweb.com/theones/</ref><ref>http://www.onmc.iinet.net.au/trivia/aus_list.htm</ref><ref>[http://www2.wbs.ne.jp/~ms-db/oricon/japan%20no1%20single%2068-.htm]</ref>
On [[April 30]], [[2008]], Carey married actor/rapper [[Nick Cannon]], at Carey's private estate on [[Windermere Island]] in the Bahamas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20197441,00.html?xid=rss-topheadlines |title=Nick Cannon Relative Confirms He Married Mariah |last=Dubin |first=Danielle |date=2008-05-02 |publisher=people.com |accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usmagazine.com/nick-cannons-family-confirms-mariah-carey-wedding |title=Nick Cannon's Family Confirms He's Wed Mariah Carey |date=2008-05-02 |publisher=usmagazine.com |accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24413267/ |title=Mariah Carey reportedly Married in Bahamas |date 2008-05-02 |publisher=msnbc.com |accessdate=2008-05-08}}</ref> Confirming rumors of the marriage, Carey stated that she felt the pair were "soulmates".<ref>Liz McNeil. [http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20198292,00.html EXCLUSIVE: See Mariah & Nick's Wedding Photo!]. ''People''. May 7, 2008. Retrieved May 7, 2008.</ref>
== Acting career ==
Carey began to take professional acting lessons in 1997, and in the coming year, she was auditioning for film roles. She made her debut as an opera singer in the romantic comedy ''[[The Bachelor (film)|The Bachelor]]'' (1999), starring [[Chris O'Donnell]] and [[Renée Zellweger]]. [[CNN]] referred derisively to her casting as a talentless diva as "letter-perfect [...] the "can't act" part informs Carey's entire performance".<ref>Tatara, Paul. [http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9911/09/review.bachelor/ "Review: 'The Bachelor' -- cold feet, bad film"]. [[CNN.com]]. [[November 9]] [[1999]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref>
Carey's first starring role was in ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'' (2001), in which she played a struggling musician in the 1980s who breaks into the music industry after meeting a [[disc jockey]] ([[Max Beesley]]). Though [[Roger Ebert]] said "[Carey]'s acting ranges from dutiful flirtatiousness to intense sincerity",<ref>[[Roger Ebert|Ebert, Roger]]. [http://web.archive.org/web/20020202201433/http://www.suntimes.com/ebert/ebert_reviews/2001/09/092301.html "'Glitter' glosses over important moments"]. ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''. [[September 23]] [[2001]]. Retrieved from the [[Internet Archive#Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] on [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> most critics panned it: ''[[Leslie Halliwell|Halliwell's]] Film Guide'' called it a "vapid star vehicle for a pop singer with no visible acting ability",<ref>Walker, John. ''[[Leslie Halliwell|Halliwell's]] Film Guide 2004: 19th Edition'' (2003). pg. 338. UK: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-06-055408-8.</ref> and ''[[The Village Voice]]'' observed: "When [Carey] tries for an emotion — any emotion — she looks as if she's lost her car keys."<ref>Atkinson, Michael. [http://www.villagevoice.com/film/0139,atkinson,28470,20.html "Eat Drink Man Mariah"]. ''[[The Village Voice]]''. [[September 26]] — [[October 2]] [[2001]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> ''Glitter'' was a box office failure, and Carey earned a [[Golden Raspberry Awards|Razzie Award]] for her role. She later said that the film "started out as a concept with substance, but it ended up being geared to 10-year-olds. It lost a lot of grit [...] I kind of got in over my head."<ref name="USAToday-Nov2002"/>
Carey, [[Mira Sorvino]] and [[Melora Walters]] co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant in the [[independent film]] ''WiseGirls'' (2002), which premiered at the [[Sundance Film Festival]] but went straight to cable in the U.S. Critics commended Carey for her efforts — ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' predicted, "Those scathing notices for ''Glitter'' will be a forgotten memory for the singer once people warm up to Raychel",<ref>Honeycutt, Kirk. [http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1257566 "''Wisegirls''"]. ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''. [[January 15]] [[2002]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> and Roger Friedman, referring to her as "a [[Thelma Ritter]] for the new millennium", said, "Her line delivery is sharp and she manages to get the right laughs".<ref>Friedman, Roger. [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,42928,00.html "Mariah Makes Good in Mob Movie"]. [[FOX News]]. [[January 14]] [[2002]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> ''WiseGirls'' producer [[Anthony Esposito]] cast Carey in ''The Sweet Science'' (2006), a film about an unknown female boxer recruited by a boxing manager, but it never entered production.<ref>Moss, Corey. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1452473/20020220/nullcarey_mariah.jhtml "Despite 'Glitter,' Mariah Carey's Movie Career Could Still Sparkle"]. [[MTV.com]]. [[February 20]] [[2002]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref>
Carey was one of several musicians who appeared in the independently produced [[Damon Dash]] films ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]'' (2003) and ''[[State Property 2]]'' (2005). Her television work has been limited to a January 2002 episode of ''[[Ally McBeal]]''. In 2006, Carey joined the cast of the indie film ''[[Tennessee (film)|Tennessee]]'' (2008), taking the role of a waitress who travels with her two brothers to find their long-lost father.<ref name="EOnline-Mar2006">Serpe, Gina. [http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,18479,00.html "Mariah Pulls a J.Lo"]. [[E! Online]]. [[March 3]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref> Carey had a [[cameo]] in [[Adam Sandler]]'s 2008 film ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]'', playing herself.<ref>Sampson, Mike. [http://www.joblo.com/index.php?id=16350 "Mariah and Sandler?"]. JoBlo.com. [[June 11]] [[2007]]. Retrieved [[June 12]] [[2007]].</ref><ref name="smellperfume"/>
== Artistry ==
Carey has said that from childhood she was influenced by R&B and soul musicians such as [[Billie Holiday]], [[Sarah Vaughan]], [[Gladys Knight]], [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Al Green]] and [[Stevie Wonder]]. Her music contains strong influences of [[gospel music]], and her favorite gospel singers include [[The Clark Sisters]], [[Shirley Caesar]] and [[Edwin Hawkins]].<ref>Norent, Lynn. "Mariah Carey: 'Not another White girl trying to sing Black'". ''[[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]''. March 1991.</ref> When Carey incorporated hip hop into her sound, speculation arose that she was making an attempt to take advantage of the genre's popularity, but she told ''[[Newsweek]]'', "People just don't understand. I grew up with this music".<ref>Shapiro, pg. 124.</ref> She has expressed appreciation for rappers such as [[The Sugarhill Gang]], [[Eric B. & Rakim]], the [[Wu-Tang Clan]], [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] and [[Mobb Deep]],<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996"/> with whom she collaborated on the single "[[The Roof (Back in Time)]]" (1998).
During Carey's career, her vocal and musical style, along with her level of success, has been compared to [[Whitney Houston]] and [[Celine Dion]]. Carey and her peers, according to Garry Mulholland, are "the princesses of wails [...] virtuoso vocalists who blend chart-oriented pop with mature [[middle of the road|MOR]] [[torch song]]".<ref>Mulholland, Garry. ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music'' (2003). pg. 57. UK: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 1-904041-70-1.</ref> In ''She Bop II: The Definitive History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul'' (2002), writer Lucy O'Brien attributed the comeback of [[Barbra Streisand]]'s "old-fashioned showgirl" to Carey and Dion, and described them and Houston as "groomed, airbrushed and overblown to perfection".<ref name="SheBopII">O'Brien, Lucy. ''She Bop II: The Definitive History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul'' (2002). pg. 476-477. UK: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-5776-2 (paperback).</ref> Carey's musical transition and use of more revealing clothing during the late 1990s were, in part, initiated to distance herself from this image, and she subsequently said that most of her early work was "schmaltzy MOR".<ref name="SheBopII"/> Some have noted that unlike Houston and Dion, Carey co-writes her own songs, and the ''Guinness Rockopedia'' (1998) classified her as the "songbird supreme".<ref>''Guinness Rockopedia'' (1998). pg. 74. UK: Guinness Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-85112-072-5.</ref>
Despite the fact that Carey is often credited with co-writing her material, she has also been accused of plagiarism on several occasions. Many of these cases were eventually settled out of court.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,28109,00.html |title=Mariah Carey's 'Hero': The Envelope Please ||author=Roger Friedman |work=[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] |}}[[June 26]] [[2001]]. Retrieved [[January 2]] [[2008]].</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,128514,00.html |title=Mariah Carey Accused of Plagiarism |author=Roger Friedman |work=[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] |}}[[August 10]] [[2004]]. Retrieved [[January 2]] [[2008]].</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/carey.s%20plagiarism%20accusation |title=Mariah Carey - Carey's Plagiarism Accusation|work=[http://www.contactmusic.com/ contactmusic.com]}} [[August 17]] [[2004]]. Retrieved [[January 2]] [[2008]].</ref>
[[Image:Mariah Carey at the Grammys 2007 Cropped.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Carey performing at the [[Grammy Awards]] in 2007]]
=== Voice ===
<!-- please do not add to or change the information below without providing reliable and verifiable sources. these do not include message board postings or mirrors/forks of wikipedia content. thanks -->
Carey is said to be able to cover all the notes from the [[alto (voice)|alto]] vocal range leading to those of a [[coloratura soprano]],<ref name="NYDailyNews"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Martin |first=Bill |title=Pro Secrets of Heavy Rock Singing |publisher=Sanctuary Publishing |date=2002 |pages=Page 9 |id=ISBN 1-86074-437-0}}</ref> and her vocal trademark is her ability to sing in the [[whistle register]].<ref>Frere-Jones, Sasha. [http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music "On Top: Mariah Carey’s record-breaking career"]. ''[[The New Yorker]]''. [[April 3]] [[2006]].</ref> She has cited [[Minnie Riperton]] as the greatest influence on her singing technique<ref>[http://www.mariahdaily.com/infozone/magazines/1998/vibe/index.shtml "Higher and Higher"]</ref> and from a very early age, she attempted to emulate Riperton's high notes, to increasing degrees of success as her vocal range expanded. According to most sources, she has a [[five-octave vocal range]]<!-- seven octaves claim is inaccurate, whether from the WMAs or any other source-->, though some credit her with seven or eight octaves.<ref name="SheBopII"/><ref>Mikkelson, Barbara and David P. [http://www.snopes.com/music/artists/carey.htm "Range Rover"]. [[Urban Legends Reference Pages]]. [[April 26]] [[2000]]. Retrieved [[September 13]] [[2006]].</ref> At one point, ''[[The Guinness Book of Records]]'' recorded that there was no other singer who could hold a higher note than Carey.<ref name="smellperfume"/> In 2003, her voice was ranked first in MTV and ''[[Blender (magazine)|Blender]]'' magazine's countdown of the 22 Greatest Voices in Music, as voted by fans and readers in an online poll. Carey said of the poll, "What it really means is voice of the MTV generation. Of course, it's an enormous compliment, but I don't feel that way about myself."<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/31/1048962696862.html "Princess Positive is taking care of the inner Mariah"]. ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]''. [[April 1]] [[2003]]. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref>
Carey's voice has come under considerable scrutiny from critics who believe that she does not communicate the message of her songs effectively. ''Rolling Stone'' magazine said in 1992, "Carey has a remarkable vocal gift, but to date, unfortunately, her singing has been far more impressive than expressive [...] at full speed her range is so superhuman that each excessive note erodes the believability of the lyric she is singing."<ref>Tannenbaum, Rob. [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/mariahcarey/albums/album/323012/rid/6067389/ "Mariah Carey: ''Emotions''"]. ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. RS 617, [[November 14]] [[1991]]. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref> The ''[[New York Daily News]]'' wrote in 2005 that Carey's singing "is ultimately what does her in. For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it [...] Does having a great voice automatically make you a great singer? Hardly."<ref name="NYDailyNews">Farber, Jim. [http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/2005/04/12/2005-04-12_more_like_a_screaming__mimi_.html "More like a screaming 'Mimi'"]. ''[[New York Daily News]]''. [[April 12]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[October 21]] [[2007]].</ref> Some interpreted Carey's decision to utilize what she described as "breathy" vocals in some of her late 1990s and early 2000s work as a sign that her voice was deteriorating, but she has maintained that it "has been here all along".<ref>[http://launch.yahoo.com/read/news/18015591 "Mariah Carey Ads Say the Voice Will Be Back, but She Says It Never Left"]. [[Yahoo! Music]]. [[March 28]] [[2005]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> An article in ''VIBE'' magazine indicated that Carey's singing style highlights weaknesses in other aspects of her music, "The impressiveness of her voice as well—as her tendency to oversing—make the blandness of her material all the more flagrant."<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996"/>
=== Themes and musical style ===
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{{multi-listen end}}
{{sample box end}}
[[Love]] is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as [[racism]], [[death]], [[world hunger]], and [[spirituality]]. She has said that much of her work is partly autobiographical, but ''TIME'' magazine wrote: "If only Mariah Carey's music had the drama of her life. Her songs are often sugary and artificial—[[NutraSweet]] soul. But her life has passion and conflict."<ref>Farley, Christopher John. [http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,134725,00.html "Pop's Princess Grows Up"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|TIME]]''. [[September 25]] [[1995]]. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref> ''[[The Village Voice]]'' wrote in 2001 that, in that respect, Carey compared unfavorably with singers such as [[Mary J. Blige]], saying "Carey's [[Strawberry Shortcake]] soul still provides the template with which [[teen-pop]] cuties draw curlicues around those centerless [[Diane Warren|[Diane] Warren]] ballads [...] it's largely because of [Blige] that the new r&b demands a greater range of emotional expression, smarter poetry, more from-the-gut testifying, and less unnecessary notes than the squeaky-clean and just plain squeaky Mariah era. Nowadays it's the [[Christina Aguilera]]s and [[Jessica Simpson]]s who awkwardly oversing, while the women with roof-raising lung power keep it in check when tune or lyric demands."<ref>Walters, Barry.[http://www.villagevoice.com/music/0136,walters,27841,22.html "Marked Woman"]. ''[[The Village Voice]]''. [[September 5]] — [[September 11]] [[2001]].</ref>
Carey's output makes use of [[electronic musical instrument|electronic instruments]] such as [[drum machine]]s, [[electronic keyboard|keyboards]] and [[synthesizer]]s. Many of her songs contain [[piano]] music, and she was given piano lessons when she was six years old. Carey said that she cannot read [[sheet music]] and prefers to collaborate with a pianist when composing her material, but feels that it is easier to experiment with faster and less conventional [[melodies]] and [[chord progression]]s using this technique. Some of her [[arrangement]]s have been inspired by the work of musicians such as [[Stevie Wonder]], a soul pianist to whom Carey once referred as "the genius of the [twentieth] century",<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996"/> but she has said, "My voice is my instrument; it always has been."<ref>[http://www.reemna.com/newsfull.php?code1=1345 "Mariah Carey savors a charmed year"]. [[Yahoo! Music]]. November 2005. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref>
Carey began commissioning [[remix]]es of her material early in her career and helped to spearhead the practice of recording entirely new vocals for remixes.<ref name=MTV-Oct2003>Norris, John. [http://www.mtv.com/bands/c/carey_mariah/news_feature_031009/ "Mariah: Remixes, Reunions and Russia"]. [[MTV.com]]. October 2003. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref> [[Disc jockey]] [[David Morales]] has collaborated with Carey several times, starting with "[[Dreamlover]]" (1993), which popularized the tradition of remixing pop songs into [[house music|house]] records, and which ''[[Slant (magazine)|Slant]]'' magazine named one of the greatest dance songs of all time.<ref>[http://www.slantmagazine.com/iframes/dance_100/100_91.asp "100 Greatest Dance Songs: 100-91"]. ''[[Slant (magazine)|Slant]]''. 2006. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref> From "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]" (1995) onward, Carey enlisted both hip hop and house producers to re-imagine her album compositions. ''Entertainment Weekly'' included two remixes of "Fantasy" on a list of Carey's greatest recordings compiled in 2005:<ref>[http://www.ew.com/ew/article/commentary/0,6115,1048283_4_0_,00.html "Gem Carey"]. ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]''. January 2006. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].</ref> a National Dance Music Award-winning remix produced by Morales, and a [[Sean Combs]] production featuring rapper [[Ol' Dirty Bastard]]. The latter has been credited with popularizing the pop/hip hop collaboration trend that has continued into the 2000s through artists such as [[Ashanti (singer)|Ashanti]] and [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]].<ref>''People in the News''. [[CNN]]. Airdate: [[April 30]] [[2005]].</ref><ref name=MTV-Oct2003/> Combs said that Carey "knows the importance of mixes, so you feel like you're with an artist who appreciates your work—an artist who wants to come up with something with you".<ref name="Vibe-Apr1996"/> She continues to consult on remixes by producers such as Morales, Jermaine Dupri, [[Junior Vasquez]] and [[DJ Clue]], and guest performers contribute frequently to them. The popularity in U.S. [[nightclub]]s of the dance remixes, which often sound radically different from their album counterparts, has been known to eclipse the mainstream chart success of the original songs.
== Philanthropy and other activities ==
Carey is a [[philanthropist]] who has donated time and money to organizations such as the [[Fresh Air Fund]]. She became associated with the Fund in the early 1990s, and is the co-founder of a camp located in [[Fishkill, New York]], that enables inner-city youth to embrace the arts and introduces them to career opportunities. The camp was called [[Camp Mariah]] "for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air children",<ref>[http://www.freshair.org/summercamp.asp "Fresh Air Fund Summer Programs: Summer Camping"]. [[Fresh Air Fund]]. Retrieved [[March 17]] [[2006]].</ref> and she received a Congressional Horizon Award for her youth-related charity work.<ref>[http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426935/19990413/carey_mariah.jhtml "Mariah Carey to Receive Congressional Award for Charity Efforts"]. [[MTV.com]]. [[April 13]] [[1999]]. Retrieved [[April 22]] [[2006]].</ref> She is well-known nationally for her work with the [[Make-a-Wish Foundation]] in granting the wishes of children with life-threatening illnesses, and in November 2006 she was awarded the Foundation's Wish Idol for her "extraordinary generosity and her many wish granting achievements".<ref>[http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=187 "Mariah Receives Wish Icon Award"]. MariahCarey.com. [[November 20]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[November 21]] [[2006]].</ref> Carey has volunteered for the [[New York City Police Department|New York City Police]] Athletic League and contributed to the [[obstetrics]] department of [[New York-Presbyterian Hospital|New York Presbyterian Hospital]] Cornell Medical Center. A percentage of the sales of ''MTV Unplugged'' was donated to various other charities.
One of Carey's most high-profile benefit concert appearances was on VH1's 1998 ''[[Divas Live]]'' special, during which she performed alongside other female singers in support of the Save the Music Foundation. The concert was a ratings success, and Carey participated in the [[VH1 Divas#Divas 2000|2000]] special. In 2007, the Save the Music Foundation honored Carey at their tenth gala event for her support towards the foundation since its inception.<ref>Friedman, Roger. [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,297570,00.html "Mariah Carey Back: Diva Readies for Dec. 4 Release"]. [[FOX News]]. [[September 21]] [[2007]].</ref> She appeared at the ''[[America: A Tribute to Heroes]]'' nationally televised fundraiser in the aftermath of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], and in December 2001, she performed before peacekeeping troops in [[Kosovo]]. Carey hosted the [[CBS]] television special ''At Home for the Holidays'', which documented real-life stories of adopted children and foster families,<ref>Duffy, Mike. [http://web.archive.org/web/20040519194438/http://www.freep.com/entertainment/tvandradio/mariah21_20011221.htm "Mariah Carey leads heartfelt holiday special to promote adoption"]. ''[[Detroit Free Press]]''. [[December 21]] [[2001]]. Retrieved from the [[Internet Archive#Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] on [[April 22]] [[2006]].</ref> and she has worked with the New York City Administration for Children's Services. In 2005, Carey performed for [[Live 8 concert, London|Live 8 in London]] and at the [[Hurricane Katrina]] relief telethon "Shelter from the Storm".
Declining offers to appear in commercials in the United States during her early career, Carey was not involved in brand marketing initiatives until 2006, when she participated in endorsements for [[Intel]] [[Centrino]] personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, Glamorized, in American [[Claire's]] and Icing stores.<ref>Paoletta, Michael.[http://www.azcentral.com/ent/music/articles/0711mimi.html "The branding of Mimi"] ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. [[July 10]] [[2006]].Retrieved [[July 27]] [[2007]].</ref><ref name="EOnline-Mar2006"/> During this period, as part of a partnership with [[Pepsi]] and [[Motorola]], Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive [[ringtone]]s, including "[[Time of Your Life (ring tone)|Time of Your Life]]".<ref>[http://www.bevnet.com/news/2006/04-19-2006-Mariah_Pepsi.asp "Mariah Carey Hits Perfect Note With Pepsi"]. [[PR Newswire]]. [[April 19]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[August 1]] [[2006]].</ref> She signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company [[Elizabeth Arden]], and in 2007, she released her own fragrance, "[[M (fragrance)|M]]".<ref>Vineyard, Jennifer and Bland, Bridget. [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528037/20060406/carey_mariah.jhtml?headlines=true "Mariah Wants All Fans to See Her — And Even Smell Like Her"]. [[MTV.com]]. [[April 6]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[April 7]] [[2006]].</ref><ref>Naughton, Julie. [http://www.wwd.com/search/article/116833?page=3&query=MARIAH "Ready for a Revival: More Stars Launch Scents"]. [[Women's Wear Daily|WWD]].com. [[June 22]] [[2007]]. Retrieved [[July 1]] [[2007]].</ref> According to ''[[Forbes]]'', Carey was the sixth richest woman in entertainment [[as of January 2007]], with an estimated net worth of US $225 million.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/2007/01/17/richest-women-entertainment-tech-media-cz_lg_richwomen07_0118womenstars_slide_7.html?thisSpeed=30000 "The Richest 20 Women In Entertainment"]. ''[[Forbes]]''. [[January 18]] [[2007]]. Retrieved [[January 21]] [[2007]].</ref>
Carey directed or co-directed several of the music videos for her singles during the 1990s. ''Slant'' magazine named the video for "The Roof (Back in Time)", which Carey co-directed with [[Diane Martel]], one of the twenty greatest music videos of all time.<ref>Gonzalez, Ed and Cinquemani, Sal. [http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/features/greatestmusicvideosv.asp "100 Greatest Music Videos - 20 1"]. ''[[Slant (magazine)|Slant]]''. 2003. Retrieved [[August 1]] [[2007]].</ref> In [[2008]], Carey made ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'''s annually [[Time 100|list of 100 most Influential people]].<ref>[http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Sonia-Tata-in-iTime-is-most-influential/304120/ "Sonia, Tata in Time's most influential list"]. ''expressindia.com''. [[May 01]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[May 01]] [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/worldnews.html?in_article_id=563248&in_page_id=1811 "Tony Blair makes list of 100 most influential people – but there's no place for Gordon Brown"]. ''[[Daily Mail]]''. [[May 01]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[May 01]] [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1733748_1733752_1735744,00.html "Mariah Carey"]. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]''. [[May 01]] [[2008]]. Retrieved [[May 01]] [[2008]].</ref>
Carey supports [[Barack Obama]] in the [[2008 Presidential Election]].<ref>MWZA. [http://www.mwza.com/mariah-careyyes-we-can-supports-barack-obama/"Mariah Carey - Yes We Can - Supports Barack Obama"]. [[March 3]] [[2008]] Retrieved [[April 26]] [[2008]].</ref><ref>Right Pundits. [http://www.rightpundits.com/?p=1237 "Mariah Carey Supports Barack Obama "Yes We Can!"]. [[March 12]] [[2008]] Retrieved [[April 26]] [[2008]].</ref>
== Discography ==
{{Main|Mariah Carey discography}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
=== Studio albums ===
* 1990: ''[[Mariah Carey (album)|Mariah Carey]]''
* 1991: ''[[Emotions (album)|Emotions]]''
* 1993: ''[[Music Box (album)|Music Box]]''
* 1994: ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]''
* 1995: ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]''
* 1997: ''[[Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)|Butterfly]]''
* 1999: ''[[Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)|Rainbow]]''
* 2001: ''[[Glitter (Mariah Carey album)|Glitter]]''
* 2002: ''[[Charmbracelet]]''
* 2005: ''[[The Emancipation of Mimi]]''
* 2008: ''[[E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)|E=MC²]]''
{{col-3}}
=== Other albums ===
* 1992: ''[[MTV Unplugged (EP)|MTV Unplugged]]''
* 1998: ''[[Number 1's (Mariah Carey album)|#1's]]''
* 2001: ''[[Greatest Hits (Mariah Carey album)|Greatest Hits]]''
* 2003: ''[[The Remixes (Mariah Carey album)|The Remixes]]''
=== Videos/DVDs ===
* 1991: ''[[The First Vision]]''
* 1992: ''[[MTV Unplugged +3]]''
* 1993: ''[[Here Is Mariah Carey]]''
* 1996: ''[[Fantasy: Mariah Carey at Madison Square Garden]]''
* 1999: ''[[Around the World (Mariah Carey DVD)|Around the World]]''
* 1999: ''[[Number 1's (video)|#1's]]''
* 2007: ''[[The Adventures of Mimi (DVD)|The Adventures of Mimi]]''
{{col-3}}
=== U.S. Number-one singles ===
* 1990: "[[Vision Of Love]]"
* 1990: "[[Love Takes Time]]"
* 1991: "[[Someday (Mariah Carey song)|Someday]]"
* 1991: "[[I Don't Wanna Cry]]"
* 1991: "[[Emotions (Mariah Carey song)|Emotions]]"
* 1992: "[[I'll Be There #Mariah Carey version|I'll Be There]]"
* 1993: "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]"
* 1993: "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]"
* 1995: "[[Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)|Fantasy]]"
* 1995: "[[One Sweet Day]]"
* 1996: "[[Always Be My Baby]]"
* 1997: "[[Honey (Mariah Carey song)|Honey]]"
* 1998: "[[My All]]"
* 1999: "[[Heartbreaker (Mariah Carey song)|Heartbreaker]]"
* 2000: "[[Thank God I Found You]]"
* 2005: "[[We Belong Together]]"
* 2005: "[[Don't Forget About Us]]"
* 2008: "[[Touch My Body]]"
{{col-end}}
== Tours ==
{{main|List of Mariah Carey tours}}
* 1993: [[Music Box Tour]]
* 1996: [[Daydream World Tour]]
* 1998: [[Butterfly World Tour]]
* 2000: [[Rainbow World Tour]]
* 2003-2004: [[Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey|Charmbracelet World Tour]]
* 2006: [[The Adventures of Mimi Tour]]
== Filmography ==
* ''[[The Bachelor (film)|The Bachelor]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Glitter (film)|Glitter]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Ally McBeal]]'' (episode: "Playing with Matches", 2002)
* ''[[WiseGirls]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Death of a Dynasty]]'' (cameo, 2003)
* ''[[The Proud Family]]'' (herself, 2003)
* ''[[State Property 2]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Tennessee (film)|Tennessee]]'' (2008)
* ''[[You Don't Mess with the Zohan]]'' (cameo, 2008)
== See also ==
* [[List of best selling music artists in U.S.]]
* [[Afro-Latin American|Afro-Latinos]]
== Notes ==
{{Reflist|3}}
== References ==
<div class="references-small">
* Shapiro, Marc. ''Mariah Carey'' (2001). UK: ECW Press, Canada. ISBN 1-55022-444-1.
* Hardy, Phil. ''The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music: Fully Revised Third Edition'' (2001). pg. 156–157. UK: Faber and Faber Limited. ISBN 0-571-19608-X.
* Mulholland, Garry. ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music'' (2003). pg. 57. UK: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 1-904041-70-1.
* ''Guinness Rockopedia'' (1998). pg. 74. UK: Guinness Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-85112-072-5.
* Larkin, Colin. ''The Encyclopedia of Popular Music Volume II: 3rd Edition'' (1998). pg. 934. UK: Muze UK Ltd. ISBN 0-333-74134-X.
* O'Brien, Lucy. ''She Bop II: The Definitive History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul'' (2002). pg. 29, 476–481. UK: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-5776-2 (paperback).
* [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:hvfpxqq5ld0e~T4 Mariah Carey – Credits]. ''[[Allmusic]]''. Retrieved [[April 22]] [[2006]].
* U.S. charts and sales compiled by ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' magazine (http://www.billboard.com/) and [[Nielsen SoundScan]] (http://www.soundscan.com/); see http://www.mariahdaily.com/corantofiles/news-archive-1-2006.shtml. Retrieved [[February 7]] [[2007]].
* [http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=48340&model.vnuAlbumId=668708 "Mariah Carey – Artist Chart History"]. ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].
* UK charts compiled by The Official UK Charts Company (http://www.theofficialcharts.com/); see http://www.mariah-charts.com/chartdata/UKTop40.htm. Retrieved [[February 7]] [[2007]].
* Canadian charts compiled by Jam Canoe (http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/) and Nielsen SoundScan; see http://www.mariah-charts.com/chartdata/Canada.htm. Retrieved [[February 7]] [[2007]].
* Australian charts compiled by the Australian Recording Industry Association (http://www.aria.com.au/); see http://www.mariah-charts.com/chartdata/Australia.htm.
* Japanese charts compiled by [[Oricon]]; see http://www.oricon.co.jp/artists/163336/. Retrieved [[February 7]] [[2007]].
* ''People in the News''. [[CNN]]. Airdate: [[April 30]] [[2005]]. <!-- http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0504/30/pitn.01.html -->
* ''[[Larry King Live]]''. [[CNN]]. Airdate: [[December 19]] [[2002]]. <!-- http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0212/19/lkl.00.html -->
* [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426935/19990413/carey_mariah.jhtml "Mariah Carey to Receive Congressional Award for Charity Efforts"]. [[MTV.com]]. [[April 13]] [[1999]]. Retrieved [[April 22]] [[2006]].
* Duffy, Mike. [http://web.archive.org/web/20040519194438/http://www.freep.com/entertainment/tvandradio/mariah21_20011221.htm "Mariah Carey leads heartfelt holiday special to promote adoption"]. ''[[Detroit Free Press]]''. [[December 21]] [[2001]]. Retrieved from the [[Internet Archive#Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] on [[April 22]] [[2006]].
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4690602.stm "The fall and rise of Mariah Carey"]. [[Bbc.co.uk]]. [[February 8]] [[2006]]. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].
* Norris, John. [http://www.mtv.com/bands/c/carey_mariah/news_feature_031009/ "Mariah: Remixes, Reunions and Russia"]. [[MTV.com]]. October 2003. Retrieved [[March 12]] [[2006]].
* Frere-Jones, Sasha. "On Top: Mariah Carey’s record-breaking career". ''[[The New Yorker]]''. [[April 3]] [[2006]]. <!-- http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music -->
* [http://www.mariahcarey.com/mariahcarey/allm/awards.las "Awards"]. MariahCarey.com. Retrieved [[April 22]] [[2006]].
* [http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-c/mariahcarey_main.htm "ARC Weekly Top 40 timeline — Mariah Carey"]. Retrieved [[May 13]] [[2006]].
* ''[[Fred Bronson]]'s Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition'' (ISBN 0-8230-7677-6)
* ''Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties'' (ISBN 0-89820-074-1)
* ''Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties'' (ISBN 0-89820-137-3)
* Additional information concerning Carey's chart history can be retrieved and verified in ''Billboard's'' [http://www.billboard.biz online archive services] and print editions of the magazine.
</div>
== External links ==
<!-- Please, no fansites. We have a Google directory link. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:EL -->
{{commons|Mariah Carey}}
{{Wikiquote|Mariah Carey}}
* [http://www.mariahcarey.com/ Official website]
* {{myspace|mariahcarey}}
* [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:ijjw7i3jg77r~T1 Mariah Carey] at [[Allmusic]]
* {{imdb name|0001014|Mariah Carey}}
* {{tv.com person|55012|Mariah Carey}}
* {{people.com}}
* [http://music.yahoo.com/ar-296399---Mariah-Carey Mariah Carey] at [[LAUNCHcast]]
* [http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-c/mariahcarey_main.htm Mariah Carey] at Rock on the Net, the official [[ARC Weekly Top 40]] website
{{Mariah Carey discography}}
{{Mariah Carey singles}}
{{featured article}}
{{Persondata
| NAME = Carey, Mariah
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American pop singer
| DATE OF BIRTH = [[March 27]] [[1970]]
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Huntington, New York|Huntington]], [[New York|NY]], [[United States]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carey, Mariah}}
[[Category:1970 births]]
[[Category:African American actors]]
[[Category:African American singers]]
[[Category:Afro-Caucasian people]]
[[Category:Afro-Latinos]]
[[Category:American actor-singers]]
[[Category:American dance musicians]]
[[Category:American female singers]]
[[Category:American film actors]]
[[Category:American music video directors]]
[[Category:American pop singers]]
[[Category:American record producers]]
[[Category:American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Americans of Irish descent]]
[[Category:Venezuelan Americans]]
[[Category:American sopranos]]
[[Category:English-language singers]]
[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
[[Category:Hispanics]]
[[Category:Irish-American musicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mariah Carey]]
[[Category:Multiracial musicians]]
[[Category:New York musicians]]
[[Category:People from Long Island]]
[[Category:Spanish-language singers]]
[[Category:World record holders]]
[[Category:Worst Actress Razzie winners]]
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[[bat-smg:Marajė Kerė]]
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