Marmoset 536889 223179792 2008-07-02T22:38:04Z UtherSRG 33145 rm image sizes to allow user preferences to take control {{Taxobox | name = Marmosets<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Groves|pages=129-133}}</ref> | image = Marmoset_copy.jpg | image_caption = [[Common Marmoset]]<br>(''Callithrix (Callithrix) jacchus'') | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Mammal]]ia | ordo = [[Primate]]s | familia = [[Cebidae]] | subfamilia = [[Callitrichinae]] | genus = '''''Callithrix''''' | genus_authority = [[Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben|Erxleben]], 1777 | type_species = ''[[Common Marmoset|Simia jacchus]]'' | type_species_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | subdivision = 18 species, see text }} '''Marmosets''' are [[New World monkey]]s of the genus '''''Callithrix''''', which contains 18 species. The term ''marmoset'' is also used in reference to the [[Goeldi's Marmoset]], ''Callimico goeldii'', which is not part of the genus ''Callithrix'' and is not discussed in this article. Most marmosets are about 20 cm long. Relative to other [[monkey]]s, they show some apparently primitive features: they have [[claw]]s rather than [[nail (anatomy)|nail]]s, and tactile hairs on their wrists. They lack [[wisdom tooth|wisdom teeth]], and their [[brain]] layout seems to be relatively primitive. Their body temperature is unusually variable, changing by up to 4 [[degrees Celsius]] (7 degrees [[Fahrenheit]]) in a day. Marmosets are highly active, living in the upper canopy of forest trees, and feeding on [[insect]]s, [[fruit]] and leaves. They have long lower [[incisor]]s, which allow them to chew holes in tree trunks and branches to harvest the gum inside; some species are specialised feeders on gum. Marmosets live in family groups of 3 to 15, consisting of one to two breeding females, an unrelated male, their offspring and occasionally extended family members and unrelated individuals. Their mating systems are highly variable and can include [[monogamy]], [[polygyny]] and occasionally [[polyandry]]. In most species, fraternal twins are usually born, but triplets are not unknown. Like other [[callitrichine]]s, marmosets are characterized by a high degree of cooperative care of the young and some food sharing and tolerated theft. Adult males, females other than the mother, and older offspring participate in carrying infants. Most groups scent mark and defend the edges of their ranges, but it is unclear if they are truly territorial, as group home ranges greatly overlap. The monkey is mentioned in [[Shakespeare]]'s ''[[The Tempest (play)|Tempest]]'', when [[Caliban (character)|Caliban]] says he will instruct his new master Stephano "how to snare the nimble marmoset" [for eating], on the no-man island where the play takes place (Act 2, Scene 2). According to recent research, marmosets exhibit [[germline chimerism]], which is not known to occur in nature in any other [[primate]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0607426104 | author = Ross, C.N., French, J.A., and Ortí, G. | title = Germ-line chimerism and paternal care in marmosets (''Callithrix kuhlii'') | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA | year = 2007 | volume = 104 | pages = 6278 | pmid = 17389380}}</ref> ==Species list== * Subgenus ''' ''Callithrix'' - Atlantic marmosets''' ** [[Common Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Callithrix) jacchus'' ** [[Black-tufted Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Callithrix) penicillata'' ** [[Wied's Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Callithrix) kuhlii'' ** [[White-headed Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Callithrix) geoffroyi'' ** [[Buffy-headed Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Callithrix) flaviceps'' ** [[Buffy-tufted Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Callithrix) aurita'' * Subgenus ''' ''Mico'' - Amazonian marmosets''' ** [[Rio Acari Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) acariensis'' ** [[Manicore Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) manicorensis'' ** [[Silvery Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) argentata'' ** [[White Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) leucippe'' ** [[Emilia's Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) emiliae'' ** [[Black-headed Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) nigriceps'' ** [[Marca's Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) marcai'' ** [[Black-tailed Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) melanura'' ** [[Santarem Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) humeralifera'' ** [[Maués Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) mauesi'' ** [[Gold-and-white Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) chrysoleuca'' ** [[Hershkovitz's Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) intermedia'' ** [[Satéré Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Mico) saterei'' * Subgenus ''' ''Callibella'' - Roosmalens' Dwarf Marmoset''' ** [[Roosmalens' Dwarf Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Callibella) humilis'' * Subgenus ''' ''Cebuella'' - Pygmy Marmoset''' ** [[Pygmy Marmoset]], ''Callithrix (Cebuella) pygmaea'' ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Wikispecies|Callithrix|Marmoset}} * [http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/links/callithrix Primate Info Net ''Callithrix'' Factsheets] {{Cebidae nav}} [[Category:New World monkeys]] [[de:Marmosetten]] [[es:Tití]] [[fa:مارموست]] [[fr:Ouistiti]] [[he:מרמוסט]] [[io:Wistitio]] [[lt:Marmozetė]] [[nl:Klauwaapje]] [[zh:狨屬]]