Martin Julian Buerger 1641515 217370758 2008-06-05T19:09:26Z Lisamfb 7232046 {{Infobox Scientist |name = Martin Julian Buerger |box_width = |image =Replace_this_image_male.svg |image_width =150px |caption = Martin Julian Buerger |birth_date = [[April 8]], [[1903]] |birth_place = Detroit, MI |death_date = [[February 26]], [[1986]] |death_place = Lincoln, Massachusetts |residence = Lincoln, Massachusetts |citizenship = American |nationality = [[United States|American]] |ethnicity = |field = [[Crystallography|Crystallographer]] |work_institutions = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] |alma_mater = Massachusetts Institute of Technology |doctoral_advisor = Waldemar Lindgren |doctoral_students = |known_for = |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = [[Arthur L. Day Medal]] - 1951, Roebling Medal - 1958, Honorary Doctorate from the University of Bern, Switzerland, Member of the US National Academy of Science |religion = Christian |footnotes = |signature = }} '''Martin Julian Buerger''' ([[April 8]], [[1903]]-[[February 26]], [[1986]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[crystallography|crystallographer]]. He was a Professor of Mineralogy at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. He invented the X-ray precession camera for studies in [[crystallography]]. He was awarded the [[Arthur L. Day Medal]] by the [[Geological Society of America]] in 1951. The [[mineral]] [[Buergerite]] was named for him. The MJ Buerger Award (established by the American Crystallographic Association) was established in his honor. He was the great-grandson of Ernst Moritz Buerger, who led a group of Lutheran immigrants from Germany to the United States in 1838, and helped found the Missouri Synod of the Lutheran Church. ==Significant works== *''The photography of the reciprocal lattice, (ASXRED monograph),'' Murray Print. Co., 1944 *''X-ray crystallography;: An introduction to the investigation of crystals by their diffraction of monochromatic X radiation,'' 531pp., Chapman & Hall, 1958 *''Elementary crystallography;: An introduction to the fundamental geometrical features of crystals,'' 528pp., Wiley, 1963 *''Contemporary crystallography,'' 364pp., McGraw Hill, 1970 *''Introduction to crystal geometry,'' 204pp., R. E. Krieger, 1977 *''Crystal-Structure Analysis,'' 668pp, Krieger Pub Co, 1979 *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16590759 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16590759 |last=Takeuchi |first=Y |last2=Buerger |first2=M J |publication-date=1960 Oct |year=1960 |title=THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TERRAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE. |volume=46 |issue=10 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=1366-70 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16589951 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589951 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1956 Oct |year=1956 |title=PARTIAL FOURIER SYNTHESES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE SOLUTION OF CERTAIN CRYSTAL STRUCTURES. |volume=42 |issue=10 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=776-81 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16589830 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589830 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1956 Mar |year=1956 |title=THE ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN CRYSTALS OF THE WOLLASTONITE GROUP OF METASILICATES. |volume=42 |issue=3 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=113-6 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16589645 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589645 |last=Buerger |first=M J |last2=Robinson |first2=D W |publication-date=1955 Apr 15 |year=1955 |title=THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND TWINNING OF Co(2)S(3). |volume=41 |issue=4 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=199-203 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16589430 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589430 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1954 Feb |year=1954 |title=SOME RELATIONS FOR CRYSTALS WITH SUBSTRUCTURES. |volume=40 |issue=2 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=125-8 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16589324 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589324 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1953 Jul |year=1953 |title=An Intersection Function and Its Relations to the Minimum Function of X-Ray Crystallography. |volume=39 |issue=7 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=678-80 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16589323 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589323 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1953 Jul |year=1953 |title=Solution Functions for Solving Superposed Patterson Syntheses. |volume=39 |issue=7 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=674-8 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16589322 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589322 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1953 Jul |year=1953 |title=Image Theory of Superposed Vector Sets. |volume=39 |issue=7 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=669-73 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16578351 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16578351 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1950 Dec |year=1950 |title=Limitation of Electron Density by the Patterson Function. |volume=36 |issue=12 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=738-42 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:15430317 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15430317 |last=BUERGER |first=M J |publication-date=1950 Jul |year=1950 |title=Some new functions of interest in x-ray crystallography. |volume=36 |issue=7 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=376-82 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:15417549 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15417549 |last=BUERGER |first=M J |publication-date=1950 May |year=1950 |title=The photography of atoms in crystals. |volume=36 |issue=5 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=330-5 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:15417548 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15417548 |last=BUERGER |first=M J |publication-date=1950 May |year=1950 |title=The crystallographic symmetries determinable by x-ray diffraction. |volume=36 |issue=5 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=324-9 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16588883 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588883 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1949 Apr |year=1949 |title=Crystallographic Symmetry in Reciprocal Space. |volume=35 |issue=4 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=198-201 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16588811 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588811 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1948 Jun |year=1948 |title=Some Relations Between the F's and F's of X-Ray Diffraction. |volume=34 |issue=6 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=277-85 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16588693 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588693 |last=Buerger |first=M J |last2=Smith |first2=L B |last3=Ryer |first3=F V |last4=Spike |first4=J E |publication-date=1945 Aug |year=1945 |title=The Crystalline Phases of Soap. |volume=31 |issue=8 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=226-33 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16588582 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588582 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1942 Dec |year=1942 |title=The Characteristics of Soap Hemihydrate Crystals. |volume=28 |issue=12 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=529-35 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16588581 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588581 |last=Buerger |first=M J |last2=Smith |first2=L B |last3=de Bretteville |first3=A |last4=Ryer |first4=F V |publication-date=1942 Dec |year=1942 |title=The Lower Hydrates of Soap. |volume=28 |issue=12 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=526-9 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16578051 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16578051 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1942 Jul |year=1942 |title=A New Fourier Series Technique for Crystal Structure Determination. |volume=28 |issue=7 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=281-5 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16577998 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577998 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1941 Feb 15 |year=1941 |title=Optically Reciprocal Gratings and Their Application to Synthesis of Fourier Series. |volume=27 |issue=2 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=117-24 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16577987 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577987 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1940 Nov 15 |year=1940 |title=The Correction of X-Ray Diffraction Intensities for Lorentz and Polarization Factors. |volume=26 |issue=11 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=637-42 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16577920 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577920 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1939 Jul |year=1939 |title=The Photography of Interatomic Distance Vectors and of Crystal Patterns. |volume=25 |issue=7 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=383-8 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16577752 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577752 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1936 Dec |year=1936 |title=The General RĂ´le of Composition in Polymorphism. |volume=22 |issue=12 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=685-9 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16577751 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577751 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1936 Dec |year=1936 |title=The Kinetic Basis of Crystal Polymorphism. |volume=22 |issue=12 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=682-5 }} *{{Citation |id = [[PMID]]:16577615 |url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577615 |last=Buerger |first=M J |publication-date=1934 Jul |year=1934 |title=The Temperature-Structure-Composition Behavior of Certain Crystals. |volume=20 |issue=7 |periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |pages=444-53 }} ==References== *[http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM73/AM73_1483.pdf Memorial, American Mineralogist, Volume 73, pages 1483-1485, 1988] *[http://www.mindat.org/min-818.html Description and photograph of Buergerite] *[http://journals.iucr.org/j/issues/1986/04/00/a26354/a26354.pdf Obituary from the Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1986] {{DEFAULTSORT:Buerger, Martin}} [[Category:1903 births]] [[Category:1986 deaths]] [[Category:American mineralogists]] {{geologist-stub}}