Martin Julian Buerger
1641515
217370758
2008-06-05T19:09:26Z
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{{Infobox Scientist
|name = Martin Julian Buerger
|box_width =
|image =Replace_this_image_male.svg
|image_width =150px
|caption = Martin Julian Buerger
|birth_date = [[April 8]], [[1903]]
|birth_place = Detroit, MI
|death_date = [[February 26]], [[1986]]
|death_place = Lincoln, Massachusetts
|residence = Lincoln, Massachusetts
|citizenship = American
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|ethnicity =
|field = [[Crystallography|Crystallographer]]
|work_institutions = [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|alma_mater = Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|doctoral_advisor = Waldemar Lindgren
|doctoral_students =
|known_for =
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes = [[Arthur L. Day Medal]] - 1951, Roebling Medal - 1958, Honorary Doctorate from the University of Bern, Switzerland, Member of the US National Academy of Science
|religion = Christian
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
'''Martin Julian Buerger''' ([[April 8]], [[1903]]-[[February 26]], [[1986]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[crystallography|crystallographer]]. He was a Professor of Mineralogy at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. He invented the X-ray precession camera for studies in [[crystallography]]. He was awarded the [[Arthur L. Day Medal]] by the [[Geological Society of America]] in 1951. The [[mineral]] [[Buergerite]] was named for him. The MJ Buerger Award (established by the American Crystallographic Association) was established in his honor.
He was the great-grandson of Ernst Moritz Buerger, who led a group of Lutheran immigrants from Germany to the United States in 1838, and helped found the Missouri Synod of the Lutheran Church.
==Significant works==
*''The photography of the reciprocal lattice, (ASXRED monograph),'' Murray Print. Co., 1944
*''X-ray crystallography;: An introduction to the investigation of crystals by their diffraction of monochromatic X radiation,'' 531pp., Chapman & Hall, 1958
*''Elementary crystallography;: An introduction to the fundamental geometrical features of crystals,'' 528pp., Wiley, 1963
*''Contemporary crystallography,'' 364pp., McGraw Hill, 1970
*''Introduction to crystal geometry,'' 204pp., R. E. Krieger, 1977
*''Crystal-Structure Analysis,'' 668pp, Krieger Pub Co, 1979
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16590759
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16590759
|last=Takeuchi
|first=Y
|last2=Buerger
|first2=M J
|publication-date=1960 Oct
|year=1960
|title=THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TERRAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE.
|volume=46
|issue=10
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=1366-70
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16589951
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589951
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1956 Oct
|year=1956
|title=PARTIAL FOURIER SYNTHESES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO THE SOLUTION OF CERTAIN CRYSTAL STRUCTURES.
|volume=42
|issue=10
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=776-81
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16589830
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589830
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1956 Mar
|year=1956
|title=THE ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS IN CRYSTALS OF THE WOLLASTONITE GROUP OF METASILICATES.
|volume=42
|issue=3
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=113-6
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16589645
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589645
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|last2=Robinson
|first2=D W
|publication-date=1955 Apr 15
|year=1955
|title=THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND TWINNING OF Co(2)S(3).
|volume=41
|issue=4
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=199-203
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16589430
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589430
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1954 Feb
|year=1954
|title=SOME RELATIONS FOR CRYSTALS WITH SUBSTRUCTURES.
|volume=40
|issue=2
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=125-8
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16589324
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589324
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1953 Jul
|year=1953
|title=An Intersection Function and Its Relations to the Minimum Function of X-Ray Crystallography.
|volume=39
|issue=7
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=678-80
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16589323
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589323
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1953 Jul
|year=1953
|title=Solution Functions for Solving Superposed Patterson Syntheses.
|volume=39
|issue=7
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=674-8
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16589322
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16589322
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1953 Jul
|year=1953
|title=Image Theory of Superposed Vector Sets.
|volume=39
|issue=7
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=669-73
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16578351
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16578351
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1950 Dec
|year=1950
|title=Limitation of Electron Density by the Patterson Function.
|volume=36
|issue=12
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=738-42
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:15430317
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15430317
|last=BUERGER
|first=M J
|publication-date=1950 Jul
|year=1950
|title=Some new functions of interest in x-ray crystallography.
|volume=36
|issue=7
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=376-82
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:15417549
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15417549
|last=BUERGER
|first=M J
|publication-date=1950 May
|year=1950
|title=The photography of atoms in crystals.
|volume=36
|issue=5
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=330-5
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:15417548
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15417548
|last=BUERGER
|first=M J
|publication-date=1950 May
|year=1950
|title=The crystallographic symmetries determinable by x-ray diffraction.
|volume=36
|issue=5
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=324-9
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16588883
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588883
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1949 Apr
|year=1949
|title=Crystallographic Symmetry in Reciprocal Space.
|volume=35
|issue=4
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=198-201
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16588811
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588811
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1948 Jun
|year=1948
|title=Some Relations Between the F's and F's of X-Ray Diffraction.
|volume=34
|issue=6
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=277-85
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16588693
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588693
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|last2=Smith
|first2=L B
|last3=Ryer
|first3=F V
|last4=Spike
|first4=J E
|publication-date=1945 Aug
|year=1945
|title=The Crystalline Phases of Soap.
|volume=31
|issue=8
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=226-33
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16588582
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588582
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1942 Dec
|year=1942
|title=The Characteristics of Soap Hemihydrate Crystals.
|volume=28
|issue=12
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=529-35
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16588581
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16588581
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|last2=Smith
|first2=L B
|last3=de Bretteville
|first3=A
|last4=Ryer
|first4=F V
|publication-date=1942 Dec
|year=1942
|title=The Lower Hydrates of Soap.
|volume=28
|issue=12
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=526-9
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16578051
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16578051
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1942 Jul
|year=1942
|title=A New Fourier Series Technique for Crystal Structure Determination.
|volume=28
|issue=7
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=281-5
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16577998
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577998
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1941 Feb 15
|year=1941
|title=Optically Reciprocal Gratings and Their Application to Synthesis of Fourier Series.
|volume=27
|issue=2
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=117-24
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16577987
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577987
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1940 Nov 15
|year=1940
|title=The Correction of X-Ray Diffraction Intensities for Lorentz and Polarization Factors.
|volume=26
|issue=11
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=637-42
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16577920
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577920
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1939 Jul
|year=1939
|title=The Photography of Interatomic Distance Vectors and of Crystal Patterns.
|volume=25
|issue=7
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=383-8
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16577752
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577752
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1936 Dec
|year=1936
|title=The General RĂ´le of Composition in Polymorphism.
|volume=22
|issue=12
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=685-9
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16577751
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577751
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1936 Dec
|year=1936
|title=The Kinetic Basis of Crystal Polymorphism.
|volume=22
|issue=12
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=682-5
}}
*{{Citation
|id = [[PMID]]:16577615
|url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16577615
|last=Buerger
|first=M J
|publication-date=1934 Jul
|year=1934
|title=The Temperature-Structure-Composition Behavior of Certain Crystals.
|volume=20
|issue=7
|periodical=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
|pages=444-53
}}
==References==
*[http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM73/AM73_1483.pdf Memorial, American Mineralogist, Volume 73, pages 1483-1485, 1988]
*[http://www.mindat.org/min-818.html Description and photograph of Buergerite]
*[http://journals.iucr.org/j/issues/1986/04/00/a26354/a26354.pdf Obituary from the Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1986]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buerger, Martin}}
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1986 deaths]]
[[Category:American mineralogists]]
{{geologist-stub}}