Martin Lowry
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'''Thomas Martin Lowry''' ([[October 26]], [[1874]] - [[November 2]], [[1936]]) was an [[England|English]] [[physical chemistry|physical chemist]].
He was born in [[Low Moor, Bradford|Low Moor]], [[Bradford]], [[West Yorkshire]], England.
Lowry had a fear of large items, therefore, he directed his life to the study of smaller things. {{Fact|date=April 2007}} In his secondary school, he realised that he wanted to be a chemist.
He studied [[chemistry]] under [[Henry Armstrong (chemist)|Henry Armstrong]], an English chemist whose interests were primarily in [[organic chemistry]] but also included the nature of [[ion]]s in [[water|aqueous]] [[solution]]s.
In [[1896]] he became Armstrong's assistant. In [[1898]], he noted the change in [[optical rotation]] on nitro-''d''-camphor with time and invented the term '''[[mutarotation]]''' to describe this phenomenon. In [[1906]] became a lecturer in chemistry at Westminster Training College. In [[1912]] he moved to Guy's Hospital Medical School, becoming the head of the chemistry department in [[1913]] and the first professor of chemistry in any [[London]] medical school.
In [[1914]] he was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal Society]]. In [[1920]] he became the first holder of a chair of [[physical chemistry]] at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge University]]. He studied changes in [[optical rotation]] caused by [[acid]]- and [[Base (chemistry)|base]]-[[catalysis|catalyzed]] reactions of [[camphor]] derivatives, which led to his formulation of the [[proton]]ic definition of [[acid]]s and [[base (chemistry)|base]]s in [[1923]], independently of the advocacy of the same concept by [[Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted]] in the same year. He continued working at Cambridge for the rest of his life.
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[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:Physical chemists]]
[[Category:People from Bradford]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]]
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