Master's degree 170346 224978791 2008-07-11T08:01:43Z 151.54.246.98 the link to italian wikipedia was taking to the wrong lemma {{redirect3|Master's|For other uses, see [[Master]]}} A '''master's degree''' is a [[postgraduate]] [[academic degree]] awarded after the completion of an academic program of one to six years in duration. In the recently standardized [[Bologna process|European system]] of higher education [[diploma]]s, it corresponds to a one to two year (60 to 120 [[European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System|ECTS]] credits) postgraduate program undertaken after at least three years of undergraduate studies. It provides higher qualification for [[employment]] or prepares for [[Doctorate|doctoral]] studies. In the [[United States of America|USA]] and [[Canada]], a master's degree entails a one- or two–year program of study in which students would normally enroll after completing a [[bachelor's degree]]. However, in some European countries, a [[Magister (degree)|''magister'']] is a [[first degree]] and may be considered equivalent to a modern (standardized) master's degree (''e.g.'', the [[Germany|German]] university ''[[Diplom]]/[[Magister (degree)|Magister]]'', or the similar 5-year diploma awarded in several subjects in [[Greece|Greek]], [[Spain|Spanish]], [[Italy|Italian]], and other universities and polytechnics). In the [[Francophone]] countries, a [[DEA (former French degree)|DEA]] is the [[postgraduate]] degree and considered equivalent to the master's degree (''e.g'', In [[France]], the French-Speaking [[Switzerland]] and [[Belgium]] a [[DEA (former French degree)|DEA]] is 1-2 years degree taken after the [[Licentiate|License]]), after the application of [[Bologna process]] the [[DEA (former French degree)|DEA]] had been given a new name: MAS (Master of Advanced Studies). The '''[[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|master of arts]]''' (''magister artium''), '''[[Master of Science|master of science]]''' (''magister scientiæ'') and Master of Science in Law degrees are the basic degree types in most subjects, and they may be course-based, research-based, or (more typically) a mixture of the two. A [[dissertation]] may or may not be required, depending on the program. There are also degrees of the same level, such as [[engineer's degree]]s, which have different names for historical reasons. Admission to a master's program normally requires holding a [[bachelor's degree]] (in the United Kingdom & Canada an 'honours' bachelor degree), although relevant work experience may qualify a candidate. Progressing to a [[doctorate|doctoral]] program sometimes requires that the candidate first earn a master's degree. In some fields or postgraduate programs, work on a doctorate begins immediately after the bachelor's degree, but the master's may be earned along the way, as a result of the successful completion of coursework and certain examinations. In some cases the student's bachelor's degree must be in the same subject as the intended master's degree, or in a closely allied discipline; in others, the subject of the bachelor's degree is unimportant. There has recently been an increase in programs leading to these degrees in the United States; more than twice as many such degrees are now awarded as compared to the 1970s. <ref> "Master’s Degrees Abound as Universities and Students See a Windfall" by Hannah Fairfield, [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/12/education/12masters.html?em&ex=1189828800&en=f9fb2034d8368c02&ei=5087%0A New York Times, Sept 12, 2007] </ref> Some university programmes provide for a joint bachelor's and master's degree after four or five years. ==Variant titles and abbreviations== In some languages, a master's degree is called a ''magister'', which is [[Latin language|Latin]] for ''master'' (teacher), and ''magister'' or a [[cognate]] can also be used for a person who has the degree. Some universities use the Latin degree names, and because of the flexibility of [[Latin grammar|word order in Latin]], ''artium magister'' (A.M.) or ''scientiæ magister'' (S.M.) may be used; [[Harvard University]] and the [[University of Chicago]] for instance, use A.M. and S.M. for their master's degrees and [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] uses S.M. for its master of science degrees. Master of Science often is abbreviated MS in the USA<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?q=MS+PhD&btnG=Search Google search for "MS PhD"]</ref> and MSc or M.Sc. in [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] nations and Europe. == See also == ===Related Articles=== {| |- | valign="top" | * [[Graduate School]] * [[Associate's degree]] * [[Bachelor's degree]] * [[Licentiate]] * [[Engineer's degree]] * [[DEA (former French degree)]] * [[Doctorate]] * [[Professional degree]] * [[Terminal degree]] | valign="top" | * [[Master's degree in North America]] * [[Master's degree in Europe]] * [[Master's degree non-Euroamerican]] * [[Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)|Master of arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)]] * [[Degrees of the University of Oxford]] * [[Diploma mill]] * [[British degree abbreviations]] |} ===List of degrees=== {{col-begin}} {{col-break|width=25%}} * [[Master of Accountancy|Master of accountancy]] * [[Master of Architecture|Master of architecture]] * [[Master of Arts Administration|Master of arts administration]] * [[Master of Arts in Teaching|Master of arts in teaching]] * [[Master of Astronomy]] * [[Master of business administration]] * [[Master of Business and Engineering|Master of business and engineering]] * [[Master of Business and Technology|Master of business and technology]] * [[Master of Business Informatics|Master of business informatics]] * [[Master of Chemistry|Master of chemistry]] * [[Master of Commerce|Master of commerce]] * [[Master of communication technology and policy]] * [[Master of Customs Administration]] * [[Master of Divinity|Master of divinity]] * [[Master of Economics|Master of economics]] * [[Master of Education|Master of education]] * [[Master of Engineering|Master of engineering]] {{col-break|width=25%}} * [[Master of Engineering Management|Master of engineering management]] * [[Master of Enterprise|Master of enterprise]] * [[Master of Entertainment Technology|Master of entertainment technology]] * [[Master of European Law]] * [[Master of European Studies|Master of european studies]] * [[Master of Science in Finance|Master of finance]] * [[Master of Fine Arts|Master of fine arts]] * [[Master of Fashion Designer]] * [[Master of Health Administration|Master of health administration]] * [[Master of Health Science]] * [[Master of Human Relations]] * [[Master of Human Resources Management]] * [[Master of Arts in History|Master of arts in history]] * [[Master of Information and Operations Management|Master of information and operations management]] * [[Master of Innovation and Entrepreneurship|Master of innovation and entrepreneurship]] * [[Master of International Business|Master of international business]] * [[Master of Journalism]] {{col-break|width=25%}} * [[Master of Laws]] * [[Master of Studies in Law]] * [[Master of Liberal Arts|Master of liberal arts]] * [[Master of Library and Information Science|Master of library and information science]] * [[Master of Management Information Systems]] * [[Master of Management]] * Master of [[Management Science]]s * [[Master of Mathematics|Master of mathematics]] * [[Master of Music|Master of music]] * [[Master of Science in Nursing|Master of Nursing]] * [[Master of Pharmacy|Master of pharmacy]] * [[Master of Philosophy|Master of philosophy]] * [[Master of Physics|Master of physics]] {{col-break|width=25%}} * [[Master of Public Administration|Master of public administration]] * [[Master of Public Health|Master of public health]] * [[Master of Public Policy|Master of public policy]] * [[Master of Research]] * [[Master of Science]] * [[Master of Social Science|Master of social science]] * [[Master of Social Work]] * [[Master of Taxation]] * [[Master of Theology|Master of Theology]] * [[Master of Urban Planning|Master of urban planning]] * [[Master of Veterinary Science]] {{col-end}} ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == *[http://www.masterstudies.com/ Masterstudies.com] - Search tool for Business Master's programmes world wide. * http://www.postgrad.com - comprehensive searchable database of all masters programmes in the UK *[http://education-portal.com/article_directory/Glossary_of_Master%27s_Degree_Programs.html Glossary of Master's Degree Programs] - Overviews of hundreds of different types of master's degrees. *[http://www.princetonreview.com/grad/research/programProfiles/search.asp Graduate Program Search] - Master's degree program search tool from The Princeton Review *[http://www.ala.org/ala/accreditation/lisdirb/lisdirectory.htm Master's Programs in Library and Information Studies] - ALA list of accredited master's programs in library and information studies *[http://www.ams.org/tools/masters.html Master's Degree Programs in Mathematical Sciences] - AMS directory of master's degree programs in the mathematical sciences. *[http://www.shrm.org/foundation/directory/ Graduate Programs in HR Management] - SHRM Foundation directory of 120 HR related master's degree programs. *[http://www.masterguide.org/ MasterGuide.org] - Useful guide over leading master's programmes in Europe. *[http://www.mastersportal.eu/ MastersPortal] - Find your Master's programme among all master's in Europe. {{Academic degrees}} [[Category:Master's degrees|*]] [[ar:ماجستير]] [[cs:Magistr]] [[de:Master]] [[et:Magister]] [[es:Maestro (grado)]] [[fa:کارشناسی ارشد]] [[fr:Maîtrise]] [[id:Magister]] [[it:Laurea_magistrale]] [[he:מוסמך]] [[nl:Master]] [[ja:修士 (学位)]] [[no:Mastergrad]] [[pl:Magister]] [[pt:Mestrado]] [[ru:Магистр]] [[sl:Magister]] [[fi:Maisteri]] [[sv:Master]] [[uk:Магістр]] [[wa:Mwaistrijhe]] [[zh:硕士]]