Matra 80980 225896209 2008-07-15T22:23:56Z Thijs!bot 1392310 robot Adding: [[pl:Mécanique Avion TRAction]] {{this|the French automobile, aeronautics and weaponry company}} '''Mécanique Avion TRAction''' or '''Matra''' was a [[France|French]] company covering a wide range of activities mainly related to automobile, [[aeronautics]] and [[weaponry]] which from 1994 was a subsidiary of '''[[Lagardère Group]]''' and which now operates under that name. Matra was owned by the Floirat family. The name Matra became famous in the 1960s when it went into car production by buying [[Automobiles René Bonnet]]. Matra Automobiles produced racing cars and sports cars, and was very successful in racing. ==Lagardère involvement== By merging with various companies Matra CEO [[Jean-Luc Lagardère]] built around Matra a group diversified in media, weaponry, high technologies, aeronautics and formerly in automobiles and records production and distribution. Matra was privatized in 1988, with Lagardère holding 6% of the stock and by 1992 25%. In 1992 the Lagardère Group was radically restructured; acquiring more shares in Matra from Floirat, Daimler Benz and GEC, and Hachette from loirat, Crédit Lyonnais and Aberly. Lagardère merged Matra and Hachette to form Matra Hachette, of which Lagardère Group held 37.6%. Following a share swap in 1994 Lagardère held 93.3% of Matra Hachette’s stock. In 1996 Matra Hachette was formally merged into Lagardère. ==Matra Hautes Technologies== Matra Hautes Technologies (Matra High Technology) or MHT was the defence arm of Matra. The company was involved in [[aerospace]], defence and telecommunications. In February 1999 Matra Hautes Technologies merged with [[Aérospatiale]] to form [[Aérospatiale-Matra]]. On [[July 10]] [[2000]] Aérospatiale-Matra became part of [[EADS]]. ===Divisions (as of aérospatiale merger)=== *'''Matra Défense''' *'''Matra Systèmes & Information''' *'''[[Matra BAe Dynamics]]''' (50% [[British Aerospace]]) <br>Formed in 1996, Matra BAe Dynamics brought together the missile business of BAe ([[BAe Dynamics]]) and half of the missile business of Matra Défense. (The other half remained as [[Aerospatiale Matra Missiles]]). *'''[[Matra Marconi Space]]''' (49% [[The General Electric Company|GEC]]) <br>Matra Espace was the space division of Matra which merged with the space operations of GEC ([[Marconi Space Systems]]) in 1989 to form [[Matra Marconi Space]]. In 2000, it was merged with the space division of DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG ([[DASA]]) to form [[EADS Astrium|Astrium]]. This was later renamed to EADS Astrium *'''Matra Nortel Communications''' (50% [[Nortel]]) ==Matra road cars== The Matra name was first used for road cars with the [[Renault]]-powered Matra Djet (pronounced "Jet"), which was an update of the Bonnet Jet. The Djet was replaced with the Matra 530, which was powered by a [[Ford Taunus V4 engine]]. Matra also developed a close partnership with [[Simca]] in the 1970s, producing Simca-engined sports cars such as the [[Matra Bagheera|Bagheera]], the [[Matra Murena|Murena]] and the [[Matra Rancho|Rancho]], an early type of [[sport utility vehicle|SUV]] - albeit that it was two-wheel-drive - which was based on the [[Simca 1100]] pick-up bodyshell. This car remained in production into the '80s, after Simca's takeover by [[Peugeot]]. In 1984 [[Renault]] launched the Matra built [[Renault Espace|Espace]] [[minivan]], a car conceived at [[Rootes|Chrysler UK]]<ref name="lewin">{{cite book | author=Lewin, Tony | title=How to Design Cars Like a Pro: A Complete Guide to Car Design from the Top Professionals | publisher=Motorbooks International | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-7603-1641-4}} </ref>, and designed originally for Chrysler production in partnership with Matra. The car became a big success and, together with [[Mitsubishi Chariot]] and [[Plymouth Voyager]], is credited with creating the entire market segment of modern [[minivan|minivans]]. After the failure of the [[Renault Avantime]] (designed and built by Matra), on February 27, 2003 Matra announced its intention to close its automobile factory in [[Romorantin-Lanthenay|Romorantin]]. In September 2003, [[Pininfarina SpA]] acquired Matra Automobile's engineering, testing and prototype businesses. The company was subsequently named [http://www.matra-automobile.com/en/ Matra Automobile Engineering] ===Street models=== *[[Matra Djet]] *[[Matra 530]] *[[Matra Bagheera]] *[[Matra Murena]] *[[Matra Rancho]] (United Kingdom: [[Talbot Matra Rancho]]) *[[Renault Espace]] *[[Renault Avantime]] ==Matra racing history== In the mid-1960s Matra enjoyed considerable success in Formula 3 and F2 racing with (especially) its MS5 monocoque-based car, winning the French and European championships. In 1967, [[Jacky Ickx]] famously amazed the F1 establishment by clocking in the 3rd-fastest qualifying time of 8:14" on the German [[Nürburgring]] in his 1600 cc MS5 F2, which was allowed to enter alongside the 3000 cc F1 cars. In the race, he failed to finish due to a broken suspension. [[Image:StewartJackie19690801MatraFord.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Jackie Stewart]] in 1969 with a Matra-Ford at the [[Nürburgring]]. The car wears the blue [[list of international auto racing colors|racing colour]] of France.]] Matra entered [[Formula One]] in 1968 when [[Jackie Stewart]] was a serious contender, winning several Grands Prix in the [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-run Matra MS10 which competed alongside the works team. The car's most innovative feature was the use of aviation-inspired structural fuel tanks. These allowed the chassis to be around {{convert|15|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} lighter, while still being stronger than its competitors. The FIA considered the technology to be unsafe and decided to ban it for 1970. Matra CEO Jean-Luc Lagardère made a radical strategic decision for the 1969 championship: The Matra works team would not compete in Formula One. Matra would instead focus its efforts on the Tyrrell team (renamed Matra International) and build a new [[Cosworth DFV|DFV]] powered car with structural fuel tanks, even though it would only be eligible for a single season. The decision was even more radical given that Matra was seeking a partnership with [[Simca]], then a subsidiary of the American company [[Chrysler]], which would preclude using Ford-branded engines for the following year. Stewart won the 1969 title easily with the new Cosworth-powered [[Matra MS80]], which corrected most of the weaknesses of the MS10. Stewart's title was the first won by a French chassis, and the only one won by a chassis built in France. It was a spectacular achievement from a constructor that had only entered Formula One the previous year. [[Image:1973-05-27 Francois Cevert, Matra-Simca 670.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[François Cevert]] driving the Matra 670 sports prototype in the 1973 [[1000 km Nürburgring]] race.]] Like [[Cosworth]], [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] and [[McLaren]], Matra experimented with four wheel drive during the 1969 season. [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]] became the one and only driver to score a point with a 4WD car, finishing sixth with the Matra MS84 at the Canadian Grand Prix. The MS84, along with [[Brabham]]'s BT26A, was one of the last [[spaceframe]] cars to compete in Formula One. For 1970 following the agreement with Simca, Matra asked Tyrrell to use their V12 rather than the Cosworth. Stewart got to test the Matra V12, but since a large part of the Tyrrell budget was provided by Ford, and another significant sponsor was French state-owned petroleum company Elf, which had an agreement with Renault that precluded supporting a Simca partner, the partnership between Matra and Tyrrell ended. Matra V12 engines powered the [[Ligier]] Formula 1 team from 1976-78, an again from 1981-82. The firm was also successful in endurance racing with cars powered by the [[V12]] engine. The [[Matra 670]] won [[Le Mans]] in 1972, 1973, and 1974. It also delivered the [[World Sportscar Championship|World Championship for Makes]] to Matra in both 1973 and 1974. ==Other activities== *Matra produced a home computer, the [[Matra Alice]]. *Matra created an automatic (driverless) light [[rubber-tired metro|rubber-tired]] [[metro]], the [[VAL]] *Matra attempted, and failed to produce a [[personal rapid transit]] system, ''[[Aramis (personal rapid transit)|Aramis]]''. ==Complete Formula One World Championship results== ([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%" ! Year ! Entrant/s ! Chassis/ ! Engine ! Tyres ! Driver/s ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 10 ! 11 ! 12 ! 13 ! Points ! WCC |- !rowspan=3| {{F1|1967}} |colspan=5| | [[1967 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] | [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] | [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] | [[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] | [[1967 French Grand Prix|FRA]] | [[1967 British Grand Prix|GBR]] | [[1967 German Grand Prix|GER]] | [[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] | [[1967 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] | [[1967 United States Grand Prix|USA]] | [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]] | | !rowspan=3| 0 !rowspan=3| - |- |rowspan="2"| Matra Sports |rowspan="2"| [[Matra MS7]] |rowspan="2"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Straight-4]] |rowspan="2"| {{Dunlop}} |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]] | |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> | | | | | | | | | | | |- |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]] | |bgcolor="#FFCFCF"| <small>DNQ</small> | | | | | | | |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>7</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>7</small> | | |- !rowspan=6| {{F1|1968}} |colspan=5| | [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] | [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] | [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] | [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] | [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] | [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]] | [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]] | [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]] | [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] | [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] | [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]] | [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]] | |rowspan=6 bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''45''' |rowspan=6 bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| '''3rd''' |- |rowspan="2"| Matra Sports |rowspan="2"| [[Matra MS11]]<br>[[Matra MS7]] |rowspan="2"| Matra [[V12 engine|V12]]<br>[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Straight-4]] |rowspan="2"| {{Dunlop}} |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]] |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> | |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>8</small> |bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| <small>2</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>9</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> | |- |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Pescarolo]] | | | | | | | | | |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="white"| <small>DNS</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>9</small> | |- |rowspan="3"| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell Racing Organization]] |rowspan="3"| [[Matra MS9]]<br>[[Matra MS10]] |rowspan="3"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]] |rowspan="3"| {{Dunlop}} |align="left"| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]] |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> | <small>Inj</small> | <small>Inj</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>4</small> |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| <small>3</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>7</small> | |- |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]] | |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> | | | | | | | | | | | |- |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]] | | |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> | | | | | |bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| <small>2</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> | |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> | |- !rowspan=4| {{F1|1969}} |colspan=5| | [[1969 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] | [[1969 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] | [[1969 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] | [[1969 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] | [[1969 French Grand Prix|FRA]] | [[1969 British Grand Prix|GBR]] | [[1969 German Grand Prix|GER]] | [[1969 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] | [[1969 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] | [[1969 United States Grand Prix|USA]] | [[1969 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]] | | |rowspan="4" bgcolor="#FBFFBF"|'''66''' |rowspan="4" bgcolor="#FBFFBF"|'''1st''' |- |rowspan="3"| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell Racing Organization]] |rowspan="3"| [[Matra MS10]]<br>[[Matra MS80]]<br>[[Matra MS84]] |rowspan="3"| [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]] |rowspan="3"| {{Dunlop}} |align="left"| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]] |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| <small>2</small> |bgcolor="#FBFFBF"| <small>1</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>4</small> | | |- |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]] |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| <small>3</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>8</small> |bgcolor="#DFDFDF"| <small>2</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>9</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>12</small> |bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| <small>3</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>4</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> | | |- |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]] | | | | | | | | |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>NC</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>8</small> | | |- !rowspan=3| {{F1|1970}} |colspan=5| | [[1970 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] | [[1970 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] | [[1970 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] | [[1970 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] | [[1970 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] | [[1970 French Grand Prix|FRA]] | [[1970 British Grand Prix|GBR]] | [[1970 German Grand Prix|GER]] | [[1970 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] | [[1970 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] | [[1970 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] | [[1970 United States Grand Prix|USA]] | [[1970 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]] !rowspan="3"| 23 !rowspan="3"| 6th |- |rowspan="2"| Equipe Matra Elf |rowspan="2"| [[Matra-Simca MS120]] |rowspan="2"| Matra [[V12 engine|V12]] |rowspan="2"| {{Goodyear}} |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]] |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>4</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| <small>3</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>13</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| <small>3</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>8</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> |- |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Pescarolo]] |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>7</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| <small>3</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>8</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>14</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>7</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>8</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>9</small> |- !rowspan=3| {{F1|1971}} |colspan=5| | [[1971 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] | [[1971 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] | [[1971 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] | [[1971 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]] | [[1971 French Grand Prix|FRA]] | [[1971 British Grand Prix|GBR]] | [[1971 German Grand Prix|GER]] | [[1971 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] | [[1971 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] | [[1971 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] | [[1971 United States Grand Prix|USA]] | | !rowspan="3"| 9 !rowspan="3"| 7th |- |rowspan="2"| Equipe Matra Sports |rowspan="2"| [[Matra-Simca MS120B]]<br>[[Matra-Simca MS120]] |rowspan="2"| Matra [[V12 engine|V12]] |rowspan="2"| {{Goodyear}} |align="left"| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]] | |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>9</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>7</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>7</small> | | | |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>8</small> | | |- |align="left"| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]] |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> |bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| <small>3</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> | |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>10</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>12</small> | | |- !rowspan=2| {{F1|1972}} |colspan=5| | [[1972 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]] | [[1972 South African Grand Prix|RSA]] | [[1972 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] | [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] | [[1972 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]] | [[1972 French Grand Prix|FRA]] | [[1972 British Grand Prix|GBR]] | [[1972 German Grand Prix|GER]] | [[1972 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]] | [[1972 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] | [[1972 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]] | [[1972 United States Grand Prix|USA]] | !rowspan="2"| 12 !rowspan="2"| 8th |- | Equipe Matra | [[Matra-Simca MS120C]]<br>[[Matra-Simca MS120D]] | Matra [[V12 engine|V12]] | {{Goodyear}} |align="left"| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]] |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>15</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#FFDF9F"| <small>3</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>4</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>15</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>5</small> |bgcolor="#EFCFFF"| <small>Ret</small> |bgcolor="#DFFFDF"| <small>6</small> |bgcolor="#CFCFFF"| <small>15</small> | |} == References == <references/> ==External links== *http://www.matra.com/ *http://www.matraclub.com/ *http://www.matrasport.dk/ *http://www.matra-automobile.com/en/ *[http://www.matrasport.dk/Cars/Espace/espace-index.html History of Renault Espace includes opinions about demise of Matra] *http://www.epaf.fr Restoration & rebuild of Matra competition cars {{start box}} {{s-sports}} {{succession box|title=[[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|Formula One Constructors' Champion]] |before=[[Team Lotus|Lotus]]|after=[[Team Lotus|Lotus]]|years={{f1|1969}}}} {{end box}} {{Formula One constructors}} {{Formula One World Constructors' Champions}} [[Category:Companies of France]] [[Category:Aerospace companies of France]] [[Category:Defence companies of France]] [[Category:Formula One constructors]] [[Category:Formula One entrants]] [[Category:24 Hours of Le Mans entrants]] [[Category:World Sportscar Championship entrants]] [[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France]] [[Category:French auto racing teams]] [[Category:French racecar constructors]] [[de:Matra]] [[es:Matra]] [[fr:Matra (entreprise)]] [[it:Matra]] [[nl:Matra (automerk)]] [[no:Matra]] [[pl:Mécanique Avion TRAction]] [[pt:Matra]] [[ro:Matra]] [[sl:Matra]] [[fi:Matra (yhtymä)]] [[sv:Matra]]