Mausoleum
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[[Image:Paramore Mausoleum.JPG|right|thumb|The Paramore family mausoleum in the [[Bellefontaine and Calvary Cemeteries|Bellefontaine Cemetery]], [[St. Louis, Missouri]]]]
A '''mausoleum''' (''plural'': mausolea) is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A mausoleum may be considered a type of [[tomb]] or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A [[Christian]] mausoleum sometimes includes a [[chapel]].
The word derives from the [[Mausoleum of Maussollos]] (near modern-day [[Bodrum]] in [[Turkey]]), the grave of King [[Mausolus|Mausollos]], the [[Persian Empire|Persian]] [[satrap]] of [[Caria]], whose large tomb was one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World|Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]].
Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the [[gentry]] and [[nobility]] in many countries, particularly in [[Europe]] and her [[colonies]] during the [[Early modern Europe|early modern]] and [[Modern Europe|modern periods]]. These are usually small buildings with walls, a roof and sometimes a door for additional interments or visitor access. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a [[burial vault]] below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within [[sarcophagus| sarcophagi]] or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as [[columbarium|columbaria]] (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a [[cemetery]], a [[churchyard]] or on private land.
[[Image:Billy Rose 800.jpg|thumb|300px|mausoleum of [[impresario]] [[Billy Rose]] in [[Westchester Hills Cemetery]]]]
In the [[United States]], the term may be used for a [[burial vault (tomb)|burial vault]] below a larger facility, such as a church. The [[Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels]] in [[Los Angeles, California]], for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the 'crypt mausoleum'.
==Notable mausolea==
[[Image:Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg|thumb|[[Taj Mahal]], in [[Agra]], [[India]] is the world's most famous and most photographed Mausoleum.]]
[[Image:StJosephsChapelMausoleum.jpg|thumbnail|right|St. Joseph's Chapel Mausoleum at [[Mount Olivet Cemetery (Dubuque)|Mount Olivet Cemetery]] in [[Key West, Iowa|Key West]] (rural [[Dubuque, Iowa|Dubuque]]), [[Iowa]]. This mausoleum has a traditional mausoleum burial vault as well as [[columbarium]] style niches for [[cremation|cremated]] remains.]]
:''Main article: [[List of mausolea]]''.
* The [[Mastaba]]
* The [[Mausoleum of Khomeini]] in [[Tehran]], [[Iran]]
* The [[Pyramid#Ancient_monuments|pyramids]] of ancient [[Egypt]], [[Nubia]] and [[China]] are also types of mausolea.
*[[Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor]] biggest underground mausoleum
*[[Mausoleum of Maussollos]] at Halicarnassas
* [[Mausoleum of Galla Placidia]]
* [[Taj Mahal]] at [[Agra]], [[India]]
* [[Anitkabir]] mausoleum of [[Ataturk]] the founder of the [[Republic of Turkey]] at [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]]
* [[Tomb of Jahangir]]
* [[Mazar-e-Quaid]] at [[Karachi]], [[Pakistan]]
* [[Frogmore#Royal_Mausoleum_.28or_.27Frogmore_Mausoleum.27.29|Royal Mausoleum]] and the [[Frogmore#The_Duchess_of_Kent.27s_Mausoleum|Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum]] at Frogmore, [[England]]
* [[Grant's Tomb]], [[New York City]] - a reduced-scale version of [[Mausolos]]' original mausoleum.
* [[Hamilton Mausoleum]] at [[Hamilton, South Lanarkshire|Hamilton]] in [[Scotland]]
* [[Lincoln Tomb|Abraham Lincoln's tomb]] in [[Springfield, Illinois|Springfield]], [[Illinois]]
* [[Lenin's Mausoleum]] in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]].
* [[Quezon Memorial Circle|Quezon Memorial]], in [[Quezon City]], [[Philippines]], houses the remains of [[President of the Philippines|Philippine President]] [[Manuel Quezon]] and his wife [[Aurora Quezon|Aurora]].
* [[Miles Mausoleum]] in Arlington National Cemetery
* [[Astana Giribangun]] [[Suharto]] family complex in traditional [[Java]]nese architectural style in [[Karanganyar]], [[Central Java]]
* [[Argosari]] the peak of the [[Astana Giribangun]] complex alleged to be final resting place of legendary [[Java]]nese leader [[Raden Mas Samboernowo]] (aka [[Raden Mas Said]]),
* [[Imogiri]] complex in [[Imogiri]], [[Central Java]] is the cemetery for [[Majapahit]] royals and the [[Hamengkubuwana]] Royals of [[Yogyakarta]]
* [[Qianling Mausoleum]] in [[China]], houses the remains of [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang]] and the ruling Empress [[Wu Zetian]], along with 17 others in auxiliary tombs.
== External links ==
*[http://www.mausolea-monuments.org.uk/home.php?admin_page=gaz_text Mausolea and Monuments Trust, gazetteer of mausolea in England]
[[Category:Mausoleums|*]]
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