Maxilla
242299
218607868
2008-06-11T11:48:08Z
Sarindam7
5932891
/* Components */ +sinus
:''This article is about the [[mammal]] maxilla. For [[arthropod]] maxillae, see [[Mouthparts]]; for [[insect]] maxillae in particular, see [[Insect mouthparts]].''
{{Infobox Bone |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Latin = |
GraySubject = 38 |
GrayPage = 157 |
Image = Gray189.png |
Caption = Side view. Maxilla visible at bottom left, in green. |
Image2 = Gray190.png |
Caption2 = Front view. Maxilla visible at center, in yellow. |
Precursor = 1st [[branchial arch]]<ref>{{EmbryologyUNC|hednk|023}}</ref> |
Origins = |
Insertions = |
Articulations = |
MeshName = Maxilla |
MeshNumber = A02.835.232.781.324.502.645 |
DorlandsPre = m_05 |
DorlandsSuf = 12517279 |
}}
The '''maxilla''' (plural: maxillae) is a fusion of two bones along the palatal fissure that form the upper [[jaw]]. This is similar to the '''[[mandible]]''', which is also a fusion of two halves at the [[mental symphysis]].
==Function==
The [[alveolar process]] of the maxilla holds the upper teeth, and is referred to as the maxillary arch. The maxilla attaches laterally to the [[zygomatic bone]]s (cheek bones).
The maxilla assists in forming the boundaries of three cavities:
* the roof of the [[mouth]]
* the floor and lateral wall of the [[nasal antrum]]
* the floor of the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]]
The maxilla also enters into the formation of two [[fossae]]: the [[infratemporal]] and [[Pterygopalatine fossa|pterygopalatine]], and two [[fissures]], the [[inferior orbital]] and [[pterygomaxillary]].
==Components==
Each half of the fused maxilla consists of:
* The [[body of the maxilla]]
* Four processes
** The [[Zygomatic process of maxilla|zygomatic process]]
** The [[frontal process]]
** The [[alveolar process]]
** The [[palatine process]]
* [[Infraorbital foramen]]
* The [[maxillary sinus]]
== Articulations ==
The maxilla articulates with nine bones:
* two of the [[cranium]]: the [[frontal]] and [[ethmoid]]
* seven of the [[face]]: the [[nasal]], [[zygomatic]], [[lacrimal]], [[inferior nasal concha]], [[Palatine bone|palatine]], [[vomer]], and the adjacent fused maxillary bone.
Sometimes it articulates with the orbital surface, and sometimes with the [[lateral pterygoid plate]] of the [[sphenoid]].
==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Orbital_bones.png|The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit.
Image:Illu facial bones.jpg|Facial bones.
Image:Gray157.png|Left maxilla. Outer surface.
Image:Gray158.png|Left maxilla. Nasal surface.
Image:Gray159.png|Left maxillary sinus opened from the exterior.
Image:Gray160.png|The bony palate and alveolar arch.
Image:Gray164.png|Sphenoid bone visible center right.
Image:Gray167.png|Articulation of left palatine bone with maxilla.
Image:Gray995.png|Side view of the teeth and jaws.
</gallery>
== See also ==
*[[Bone#Terminology|Bone terminology]]
*[[Terms for anatomical location]]
*[[Ossification of maxilla]]
*[[Hypostome]]
*[[Maxillofacial surgery]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2007}}
==External links==
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|22|os|19|01}}
{{Gray's}}
{{OrbitalBones}}
{{Facial bones}}
{{anatomy-stub}}
[[Category:Dentistry]]
[[Category:Skeletal system]]
[[Category:Skull]]
[[Category:Animal anatomy]]
[[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]]
[[ar:فك علوي]]
[[bs:Gornja vilica]]
[[de:Maxilla]]
[[es:Maxilar]]
[[fr:Os maxillaire]]
[[it:Osso mascellare]]
[[ku:Jorkajû]]
[[la:Maxilla]]
[[lv:Augšžokļa kauls]]
[[lt:Viršutinis žandikaulis]]
[[nl:Maxilla (anatomie)]]
[[ja:上顎骨]]
[[pl:Szczęka]]
[[pt:Maxilar]]
[[sl:Zgornja čeljustnica]]
[[sr:Горња вилица]]
[[fi:Yläleuka]]
[[sv:Överkäke]]
[[tr:Os maksilla]]
[[uk:Верхньощелепна кістка]]
[[zh:上颌骨]]