Maxillary artery
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{{Infobox Artery |
Name = Maxillary artery |
Latin = arteria maxillaris |
GraySubject = 144 |
GrayPage = 559 |
Image = Gray510.png |
Caption = Plan of branches of maxillary artery. ("Internal maxillary" is horizonal at left center.) |
Image2 = Gray511.png |
Caption2 = Plan of branches of maxillary artery. |
BranchFrom = [[external carotid artery]] |
BranchTo = ''1st part:'' [[anterior tympanic artery|anterior tympanic]] - [[deep auricular artery|deep auricular]] - [[middle meningeal artery|middle meningeal]] - [[superior tympanic artery|superior tympanic]] - [[Accessory branch of middle meningeal artery|accessory meningeal]] - [[inferior alveolar artery|inferior alveolar]]<BR>''2nd part:'' [[masseteric artery|masseteric]] - [[buccinator artery|buccinator]] - [[posterior superior alveolar artery|posterior superior alveolar]]<BR>''3rd part:'' [[infraorbital artery|infraorbital]] - [[descending palatine artery|descending palatine]] - [[artery of the pterygoid canal]] - [[sphenopalatine artery|sphenopalatine]] |
Vein = [[maxillary veins]] |
Precursor = [[Aortic arches|aortic arch]] 1 |
Supplies = |
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
DorlandsPre = a_61 |
DorlandsSuf = 12154985 |
}}
The '''maxillary artery''' (or '''internal maxillary artery''' in older texts) is an artery that supplies deep structures of the face.
==Structure==
[[Image:Maxillary artery.PNG|thumb|200px|left|Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries. Origin of maxillary artery is labeled.]]
The maxillary artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the [[external carotid artery]], arises behind the neck of the [[mandible]], and is at first imbedded in the substance of the [[parotid gland]]; it passes forward between the [[ramus]] of the [[mandible]] and the [[sphenomandibular ligament]], and then runs, either superficial or deep to the [[lateral pterygoid muscle]], to the [[pterygopalatine fossa]].
It supplies the deep structures of the face, and may be divided into [[Mandible|mandibular]], [[pterygoid]], and [[pterygopalatine]] portions.
===First portion===
The '''first or mandibular portion''' passes horizontally forward, between the ramus of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament, where it lies parallel to and a little below the [[auriculotemporal nerve]]; it crosses the [[inferior alveolar nerve]], and runs along the lower border of the [[lateral pterygoid muscle]].
Branches include:
* [[Deep auricular artery]]
* [[Anterior tympanic artery]]
* [[Middle meningeal artery]]
* [[Inferior alveolar artery]] which gives off ''mylohyoid branch'' just prior to entering the [[mandibular foramen]]
* [[Accessory meningeal artery]]
===Second portion===
The '''second or pterygoid portion''' runs obliquely forward and upward under cover of the ramus of the mandible and insertion of the [[temporalis]], on the superficial (very frequently on the deep) surface of the [[lateral pterygoid muscle]]; it then passes between the two heads of origin of this muscle and enters the fossa.
Branches include:
* [[Masseteric artery]]
* [[Pterygoid branches of maxillary artery|Pterygoid branches]]
* [[Deep temporal arteries]] (anterior and posterior)
* [[Buccal artery]]
===Third portion===
The '''third or pterygopalatine portion''' lies in the [[pterygopalatine fossa]] in relation with the [[pterygopalatine ganglion]].
Branches include:
* [[Sphenopalatine artery]] (Nasopalatine artery is the terminal branch of the Maxillary artery)
* [[Descending palatine artery]]
* [[Infraorbital artery]]
* [[Posterior superior alveolar artery]]
* [[Pharyngeal artery]]
* [[Artery of pterygoid canal]]
==Nomenclature==
* Formerly, the term "external maxillary artery" was used to describe what is now known as the [[facial artery]] (per [[Terminologia anatomica]].) Currently, the term "external maxillary artery" is less commonly used, and the terms "internal maxillary artery" and "maxillary artery" are equivalent.
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==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Gray176.png|Mandible. Outer surface. Side view.
</gallery>
==External links==
* {{eMedicineDictionary|Maxillary+artery}}
* {{NormanAnatomy|lesson4}} ({{NormanAnatomyFig|parotid4}})
* {{SUNYAnatomyLabs|27|12|01|01}} - "Infratemporal Fossa: Branches of the Maxillary Artery"
* {{MedicalMnemonics|935|||}}
* [http://iris3.med.tufts.edu/dentgross/labguide/IT4.html Overview at tufts.edu]
{{Gray's}}
{{Arteries of head and neck}}
[[Category:Arteries]]
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