McGurk effect
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{{Psychology (sidebar)}}
The '''McGurk effect''' is a [[perception|perceptual]] phenomenon which demonstrates an interaction between [[hearing (sense)|hearing]] and [[Visual perception|vision]] in [[speech perception]]. It suggests that speech perception is [[multimodal interaction|multimodal]], that is, that it involves information from more than one sensory modality. The McGurk effect is sometimes called the '''McGurk-MacDonald effect'''. It was first described in a paper by [[Harry McGurk|McGurk]] and [[John MacDonald|MacDonald]] (1976).
This effect may be experienced when a video of one [[phoneme|phoneme's]] production is dubbed with a sound-recording of a different phoneme being spoken. Often, the perceived phoneme is a third, intermediate phoneme. For example, a visual /ga/ combined with a heard /ba/ is often heard as /da/. Further research has shown that it can exist throughout whole sentences. The effect is very robust; that is, knowledge about it seems to have little effect on one's perception of it. This is different from certain [[optical illusion]]s, which break down once one 'sees through' them.
Study into the McGurk effect is being used to produce more accurate [[speech recognition]] programs by making use of a [[video camera]] and [[lip reading]] software. It has also been examined in relation to witness testimony; Wareham & Wright's 2005 study showed that inconsistent visual information can change the perception of spoken utterances, suggesting that the McGurk effect may have many influences in everyday perception.
In this [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFPtc8BVdJk video] it is possible for most individuals to experience the McGurk effect.
==See also==
*[[Viseme]]
*[[Duplex perception]]
*[[Speech perception]]
==References==
*[[Harry McGurk|McGurk, Harry]]; and [[John MacDonald|MacDonald, John]] (1976); "Hearing lips and seeing voices," ''Nature'', Vol 264(5588), pp. 746–748
*Wright, Daniel and Wareham, Gary (2005); "Mixing sound and vision: The interaction of auditory and visual information for earwitnesses of a crime scene," ''Legal and Criminological Psychology'', Vol 10(1), pp. 103–108.
==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFPtc8BVdJk Youtube video of McGurk Effect]
*[http://www.media.uio.no/personer/arntm/McGurk_english.html Video illustrating the McGurk effect] (quicktime)
*[http://ramil.sagum.net/stuff/mcgurk_medium.avi AVI Video illustrating the McGurk effect] (for those without quicktime installed)
[[Category:Perception]]
[[Category:Auditory illusions]]
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