Media in New York City 1979203 224177530 2008-07-07T17:56:47Z Wangry 128792 /* See also */ The '''media of [[New York City]]''' are internationally influential, and include some of the most important newspapers, largest publishing houses, most prolific television studios, and biggest record companies in the world. New York is the largest hub of media production in the [[United States]] and is also the nation's largest media market. It is a major global center for the television, music, newspaper and book publishing industries. New York is a global center for the television, advertising, music, newspaper and book publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America (followed by [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], Chicago, and [[Toronto]]).<ref>{{cite press release | title = Tampa Bay 12th largest media market now | publisher = Tampa Bay Partnership | date = [[August 26]], [[2006]] | url = http://tampabay.org/press.asp?rls_id=991& | accessdate = 2007-05-31 }}</ref> Some of the city's media conglomerates include [[Time Warner]], the [[News Corporation]], the [[Hearst Corporation]], and [[Viacom]]. Seven of the world's top eight global [[advertising agency]] networks are headquartered in New York.<ref>[http://adage.com/datacenter/datapopup.php?article_id=116384 Top 10 Consolidated Agency Networs: Ranked by 2006 Worldwide Network Revenue], ''[[Advertising Age]]'' Agency Report 2007 Index ([[April 25]], [[2007]]). Retrieved on [[June 8]], [[2007]].</ref> Three of the "[[Music market|Big Four]]" record labels are also based in the city, as well as in Los Angeles. One-third of all American [[independent film]]s are produced in New York.<ref name="NYC Media">{{cite web |title=Request for Expressions of Interest |publisher=The Governors Island Preservation & Education Corporation |date=2005 |url=http://www.govisland.com/PDFs/RFEI/RFEI.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city<ref name="NYC Media" /> and book-publishing industry employs about 25,000 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Media and Entertainment |publisher=New York City Economic Development Corporation |url=http://www.nycedc.com/Web/NYCBusinessClimate/IndustryOverviews/MediaEntertainment/MediaEntertainment.htm |accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[The New York Times]]''. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include ''[[New York Daily News|The New York Daily News]]'' and ''[[New York Post|The New York Post]]'', founded in 1801 by [[Alexander Hamilton]]. The city also has a major ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ethnic Press Booms In New York City |publisher=Editor & Publisher |date=[[July 10]], [[2002]] |url=http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1538594 |accessdate=2007-03-26}}</ref> ''[[El Diario La Prensa]]'' is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=e4526a43cc213775795cc84762fce768 | title = el diario/La Prensa: The Nation’s Oldest Spanish-Language Daily| date = [[July 27]] [[2005]] | publisher = New America Media | accessdate = 2007-06-09}}</ref> ''[[The New York Amsterdam News]]'', published in Harlem, is a prominent African-American newspaper. ''[[The Village Voice]]'' is the largest [[alternative newspaper]]. The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The four major American broadcast networks, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] and [[NBC]], are all headquartered in New York. Many cable channels are based in the city as well, including [[MTV]], [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]], [[HBO]] and [[Comedy Central]]. In 2005 there were more than 100 television shows taped in New York City.<ref>{{cite press release |title=2005 is banner year for production in New York |publisher=The City of New York Mayor's Office of Film, Theater and Broadcasting |date=[[December 28]], [[2005]] |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/film/html/news/010106_2005_banner_year.shtml |accessdate=2006-07-19}}</ref> New York is also a major center for non-commercial media. The oldest [[public-access television]] channel in the United States is the [[Manhattan Neighborhood Network]], founded in 1971.<ref>[http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive Community Celebrates Public Access TV's 35th Anniversary], [[Manhattan Neighborhood Network]] press release dated [[August 6]], [[2006]]. Accessed [[April 28]], [[2007]]. "Public access TV was created in the 1970s to allow ordinary members of the public to make and air their own TV shows—and thereby exercise their free speech. It was first launched in the U.S. in Manhattan July 1st 1971, on the Teleprompter and Sterling Cable systems, now Time Warner Cable."</ref> [[WNET]] is the city's major public television station and a primary provider of national [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] programming. [[WNYC]], a public radio station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Radio Research Consortium |title=Top 30 Public Radio Subscribers: Spring 2006 Arbitron |date=[[August 28]], [[2006]] |url=http://www.rrconline.org/reports/pdf/Sp06%20eRanks.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2006-11-17}}</ref> The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, [[nyctv]], that produces several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods, as well as city government. ==Newspapers== The ongoing decline of newspaper reading in the United States has left even most big American cities with a single daily. New York City is an exception; it is home to 4 of the 10 largest papers in the United States. These include ''[[The New York Times]]'' (circulation 1.1 million), ''[[New York Daily News|The New York Daily News]]'' (circulation 795,000), and ''[[New York Post|The New York Post]]'' (circulation 650,000), founded in 1801 by [[Alexander Hamilton]]. ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' (circulation 2.1 million), published in New York City, is a national-scope business newspaper and the first or second most-read newspaper in the nation, depending on measurement method. [[Image:NYC subway riders with their newspapers.jpg|thumb|left|230px|New York's use of [[Mass transit in New York City|mass transit]] gives the city a large newspaper readership base.]] ''[[El Diario La Prensa]]'' (circulation 265,000) is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation.<ref>"Editor & Publisher International Year Book 2004." Found at infoplease.com.[http://www.infoplease.com/ipea/A0004420.html]</ref> There are also several borough-specific newspapers, such as ''[[Brooklyn Eagle|The Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]'' and ''[[The Staten Island Advance]]''. Free dailies mainly distributed to commuters include ''amNewYork'', ''Hoy'' and ''Metro''. The city's ethnic press is large and diverse. Major ethnic publications include the Brooklyn-Queens Catholic paper ''The Tablet'' and [[Jewish-American]] newspaper ''[[The Forward]]'' (פֿאָרװערטס; ''Forverts''), published in [[Yiddish]], [[English language|English]] and [[Russian language|Russian]], and the [[African-American]] newspaper ''[[The New York Amsterdam News]]''. ''[[The Epoch Times]]'', an international newspaper published by the Falon Gong, has English and [[Chinese language|Chinese]] editions in New York. There are seven dailies published in [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and four in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. Multiple daily papers are published in [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Polish language|Polish]], and [[Korean language|Korean]], and weekly newspapers serve dozens of different ethnic communities, with ten separate newspapers focusing on the African-American community alone.<ref>"New York City's Ethnic Press." ''Gotham Gazette.''[http://www.gothamgazette.com/commentary/80.scher.shtml]</ref> Many nationally-distributed ethnic newspapers are based out of offices in Astoria, Chinatown or Brooklyn. Over 60 ethnic groups, writing in 42 languages, publish some 300 non-English language magazines and newspapers in New York City.<ref>Independent Press Association of New York.[http://www.indypressny.org]</ref> Ethnic variation is not the only measure of the diversity of New York City's newspapers, with editorial opinions running from left-leaning at alternative papers like the ''[[Village Voice]],'' libertarian at the ''[[New York Press]],'' and conservative at the daily ''[[New York Sun]]''. ''[[The Onion]]'' is a satirical weekly newspaper available nationwide and published from offices in Lower Manhattan. ''[[New York Observer]]'' covers politics and the city's rich and powerful with unusual depth. The tradition of a [[freedom of the press|free press]] owes much to [[John Peter Zenger]], a New York publisher who was acquitted in his 1735 landmark court case, setting the precedent that truth was a legitimate defense against accusations of [[Slander and libel|libel]]. Major newspapers emphasizing coverage of the New York metropolitan region outside the city include ''[[Newsday]],'' which covers primarily Long Island but also New York City, and the ''[[The Bergen Record]]'' and ''[[The Star-Ledger]],'' which cover northern New Jersey. {{seealso|List of New York City newspapers and magazines}} ==Magazines== <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:New Yorker Cover Nov 8 04.jpg|thumb|200px|[[The New Yorker]] magazine publishes reportage, criticism, essays, cartoons, poetry, and fiction.]] --> The city has a long history in American magazine publishing. The 19th Century was rife with popular titles: ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'' launched in 1857 claiming to be "A Journal of Civilization" to readers; ''[[St. Nicholas Magazine]]'', a pioneering children's publication; and ''[[Collier's Weekly]]'', which counted [[Upton Sinclair]] and [[Ernest Hemingway]] as contributors. ''[[New York Magazine]]'', founded in 1968 by [[Milton Glaser]] and [[Clay Felker]], was one of the first "lifestyle" magazines. ''[[The New Yorker]]'', founded in 1925 by [[Harold Ross]], is a weekly magazine of arts, literature, and journalism. Today more than 350 magazines have their editorial offices based in the city. New York is home to the corporate headquarters of publishing giants: * [[Time Warner]]: ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'', ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' * [[Condé Nast Publications]]: ''[[The New Yorker]]'', ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' * [[The Hearst Corporation]]: ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]'', ''[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]]'' Other national leaders are ''[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]'' published by [[Wenner Media]] and ''[[Newsweek]]'', owned by the [[Washington Post Company]] but edited in [[Manhattan]]. :''See also: [[List of New York City newspapers and magazines]]'' ==Book publishing== The book publishing industry in the United States is based in New York. Publishing houses in the city range from industry giants such as [[Penguin Group (USA)]], [[HarperCollins]], [[Random House]] and [[Simon & Schuster, Inc.|Simon & Schuster]] to small niche houses like Soft Skull Press. New York has also been the setting for countless works of literature, many of them produced by the city’s large population of writers (which have included [[Paul Auster]], [[Don DeLillo]], [[Jonathan Safran Foer]], [[Jonathan Franzen]], [[Jhumpa Lahiri]], [[Jonathan Lethem]], [[John O'Hara]], [[Dorothy Parker]], [[Thomas Pynchon]], [[Susan Sontag]], and many others). The New York City metro area, home to the largest number of Jews outside [[Israel]], has also been a flourishing scene for [[Jewish American literature]]. New York is also home to [[PEN American Center]], the largest of the 141 centers of International PEN, the world’s oldest human rights organization and the oldest international literary organization. PEN American Center plays an important role in New York's literary community and is active in defending free speech, the promotion of literature, and the fostering of international literary fellowship. Author [[Salman Rushdie]] is its current president. Some of the most important literary journals in the United States are in New York. These include ''[[The Paris Review]]'', ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', ''[[n+1]]'', and ''[[New York Quarterly]].'' Other New York literary publications include ''Circumference'', ''Open City'', ''The Manhattan Review'', ''Fence'', and ''Telos.'' New York is also home to the US offices of ''[[Granta]]''. ==Radio== New York City has a tradition as an important place in radio broadcasting. [[Edward R. Murrow]] defined American broadcast journalism with his [[World War II]] reporting from Europe relayed back to [[CBS]] in New York and onward to the rest of the nation. [[WNYC]], New York's flagship [[public radio]] station, is the most-listened to commercial or non-commercial radio station in Manhattan and has the largest audience of any public radio station in the United States. It produces several news and cultural programs for national syndication. [[WFMU]], along with [[KCRW]] in [[Los Angeles]], is considered by music industry insiders to be one of the most influential open-format indie radio stations in the country. [[WBAI]] in Manhattan, with news and information programming, is one of the few [[socialist]] radio stations operating in the United States. Fordham University's [[WFUV]] and Columbia University's radio station, [[WKCR]], are also important non-commercial stations in the city. The first New York City radio station to feature a phone-in talk format was WNBC in the late 1960s, (with [[Long John Nebel]] in the early morning hours) but the format began in earnest in New York in 1970, when WMCA radio dropped its [http://www.musicradio77.com/wmca "Good Guys"] top-40 radio format in favor of the "Dial-Log Radio" slate of call-in shows. In addition to mainstay [[Barry Gray (radio)|Barry Gray]], the format featured such prominent talkers as Nebel, [[Alex Bennett]] and Bob Grant. Right-wing talk radio came to New York when [[WABC (AM)|WABC]] switched from an all music format to talk in 1982. Though it began with a moribund "Talkradio" format delivered via satellite from KABC Los Angeles, the station eventually became the home of nationally syndicated conservative powerhouse [[Rush Limbaugh]], who in the Reagan years railed against liberal figures like civil-rights advocate [[Jesse Jackson]] and former New York Governor [[Mario Cuomo]]. Other high-profile conservative talk radio hosts with national profiles include [[Laura Ingraham]] and [[Sean Hannity]] at WABC. Recently liberals have responded, first with the shortlive (five years only) [[WEVD]] format with [[Bill Mazer]]'s ''Mazer in the morning'' and [[Sam Greenfield]] in the afternoon followed by [[Alan Colmes]] from 11 PM to 2AM. Then in 2004 the [[Air America Radio]] network started, based in New York City, with actor-comedians [[Al Franken]] and [[Janeane Garofalo]] as their front line stars. Sam Greenfield has since joined the New York affiliate of Air America's morning lineup. A personality who goes by one name, "Lionel", was a host on WABC and has also joined the Air America's New York local lineup. Because Air America is a national network, not shows are picked up by all stations. New York is also home to several famous "[[shock jock]]" morning drive shows. They include the new current flavor [[Opie and Anthony]] as well as old timer [[Don Imus]], (famous for his controversial statements, interviews of politicos and morning satire) and Elvis Duran and the Z Morning Zoo on [[WHTZ|Z-100]]. The nation's first female shock jock, [[Wendy Williams (radio host) |Wendy Williams]], has a popular syndicated afternoon show on Urban AC [[WBLS]]. [[WXRK]] "K-Rock" 92.3 used to be the home of [[Howard Stern]] until his move from terrestrial radio to [[Sirius Satellite Radio]]. [[WQHT (FM)|WQHT]], also known as "Hot 97", is an influential high-profile commercial radio station that is arguably the nation's premier [[Hip hop music|hip-hop]] station. [[Doctor Dre]] and [[Ed Lover]] were morning hosts at the station in the 1990s. The highest-rated Spanish language radio show in the United States is the morning radio program ''El Vacilón de la Mañana'', broadcast on [[WSKQ]] and hosted by Luis Jimenez. New York became home to America's first 24 hour sports talk station, [[WFAN]], in 1987. :''See also: [[:Template:New York Radio]] ==Television== :''See also: [[Template:NYC TV]]'' Roughly 100,000 New Yorkers are employed in the film and television industry, which contributes about $5 billion to the city's economy annually. New York City is the home of the three traditional major American [[television network]]s, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]] and [[NBC]]. They each have local broadcast owned and operated station. FOX owns and operates WNYW (5) and WWOR (9). In addition there s [[Board of Education]] station [[WNYE-TV|WNYE]]. Plus there are the two Hispanic language stations on [[UHF]] chnanels 41 and 47 which are the New York area affiliates of [[Univision]] and NBC owned [[Telemundo]] respectively. It is also the headquarters of several large cable television channels, including [[MTV]], [[Fox News]], [[HBO]] and [[Comedy Central]]. [[Silvercup Studios]] was the production facility for the popular television shows ''[[Sex and the City]]'' and ''[[The Sopranos]]''. MTV broadcasts programming from its sound stage overlooking Times Square, several blocks away from [[Ed Sullivan Theater|the theater housing]] ''[[The Late Show with David Letterman]]''. ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' is broadcast from NBC's studios at [[Rockefeller Center]], where ''[[Today (NBC program)|The Today Show]]'' is also taped. [[Black Entertainment Television|BET]] is headquartered on 57th Street. ''[[The Colbert Report]]'' is produced by [[Comedy Central]] on [[54th Street (Manhattan)|54th Street]], and ''[[The Daily Show]],'' also produced by Comedy Central, is taped just a few blocks over on 11th avenue and 53rd street. Over a thousand people are involved with producing the various ''[[Law & Order]]'' television series. In 2005 there were more than 100 new and returning television shows taped in New York City, according to the Mayor's Office of Film, Theater and Broadcasting. [[WNET]], New York's largest public television station, is a primary national provider of [[PBS]] programming. The oldest [[public access television|public access channel]] in the United States is the [[Manhattan Neighborhood Network]], well known for its eclectic local programming that ranges from a jazz hour to discussion of labor issues to foreign language and religious programming. There are eight other public access channels in New York, including Brooklyn Cable Access Television. As part of use of local rights-of-way, the cable operators in New York have granted access to [[Public-access television|PEG]] cable channels for [[public access]], educational and government programming. They also carry the [[New York State]] legislative channel available on cable packages with sufficient bandwidth. Another notable channel in the city is [[NY1]], [[Time Warner Cable]]'s first local news channel, known for its beat coverage of outerborough neighborhoods. Its coverage of [[New York City Hall|City Hall]] and state politics is closely watched by political insiders. == Television Stations in New York City == *[[WCBS]]- Channel 2 ([[CBS]] [[owned-and-operated station|O&O]]) *[[WNBC]]- Channel 4 ([[NBC]] [[owned-and-operated station|O&O]]) *[[WNYW]]- Channel 5 ([[Fox]] [[owned-and-operated station|O&O]]) *[[WABC-TV|WABC]]- Channel 7 ([[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] [[owned-and-operated station|O&O]]) *[[WWOR]]- Channel 9 ([[MyNetworkTV]] [[owned-and-operated station|O&O]], [[Secaucus, New Jersey|Secaucus]]) *[[WPIX]]- Channel 11 ([[The CW]]) *[[WNET]]- Channel 13 ([[PBS]] member station, [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]) *[[WLIW]]- Channel 21 ([[PBS]] member station, [[Garden City, New York|Garden City-Long Island]]) *[[WNYE-TV|WNYE]]- Channel 25 (NYCTV) *[[WPXN]]- Channel 31 ([[ION Television]] [[owned-and-operated station|O&O]]) *[[WXTV]]- Channel 41 ([[Univision]]) *[[WNJU]]- Channel 47 ([[Telemundo]] [[owned-and-operated station|O&O]], [[Linden, New Jersey]]) *[[WLNY]]- Channel 55 (tv 10/55) *[[WFUT]]- Channel 68 ([[Telefutura]] [[owned-and-operated station|O&O]], [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]) ===University TV=== Finally, the [[City University of New York]]'s cable channel provides on air telecourses in psychology, physics, geography, history as well as vast array of cultural programing on [[CUNY TV]], while [[New York University]] (NYU) has its [http://www.nyu.edu/nyutv/ NYUTV]. ===NYCTV=== {{main|NYCTV}} The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, [[NYCTV]], that produces several original Emmy Award-winning shows including ''Blue Print New York'' and ''[[Cool in Your Code]]'', as well as coverage of city government. Other popular programs on NYCTV include music shows; ''[[New York Noise]]'' showcases music videos of local, underground, and indie rock musicians as well as coverage of major music-related events in the city like the WFMU Record Fair, interviews of New York icons (like The Ramones and Klaus Nomi), and comedian hosts (like Eugene Mirman, Rob Huebel, and Aziz Ansari). ''The Bridge'', similarly, chronicles old school hip hop. The channel has won 14 New York Emmys and 14 National Telly awards. {{seealso|NYC Media Group}} ==Film== New York's film industry is much smaller than that of [[Hollywood]], but its billions of dollars in revenue makes it an important part of the city's economy and places it as the second largest center for the film industry in the United States.<ref>Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre, and Broadcasting.[http://www.nyc.gov/html/film/html/news/stats.shtml]</ref> It is also a growth sector; according to the Mayor's Office of Film, Theater and Broadcasting New York City attracted over 250 independent and studio films in 2005, an increase from 202 in 2004 and 180 in 2003. More than a third of professional actors in the United States are based in New York.<ref>"Creative New York." ''Center for an Urban Future'' Dec. 2005.[http://www.nycfuture.org/images_pdfs/pdfs/CREATIVE_NEW_YORK.pdf]</ref> The city's movie industry employs 100,000 New Yorkers, according to the Office, and about $5 billion is brought by the industry to the city's economy every year.<ref>"Hollywood Brings Its Cameras To a New New York." 19 October 2006 New York Sun.[http://www.nysun.com/article/41832?page_no=2]</ref> International film makers work in the city, as well. The [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Kal Ho Naa Ho]]'' was shot in New York City in 2003, and has proceeded to become the fourth-highest grossing Indian film of all time.<ref>New York City Economic Development Corporation. [http://www.newyorkbiz.com/International/IntFunFacts.html}</ref> <!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Silvercup Studios West.jpg|thumb|260px|Silvercup Studios West, a "vertical Hollywood" to be built in 2007.]] --> In the earliest days of the American film industry, New York was the epicenter of filmmaking. However, the better year-round weather of Hollywood made it a better choice for shooting. The [[Kaufman-Astoria]] film studio in Queens, built during the [[silent film]] era, was used by the [[Marx Brothers]] and [[W.C. Fields]]. It has also been used for ''[[The Cosby Show]]'', ''[[Sesame Street]]'' and the films of [[Woody Allen]]. The recently constructed [[Steiner Studios]] is a 15 acre (61,000 m²) modern movie studio complex in a former shipyard where ''The Producers'' and ''The Inside Man'', a [[Spike Lee]] movie, were filmed. Silvercup Studios revealed plans in February 2006 for a new $1 billion complex with eight soundstages, production and studio support space, offices for media and entertainment companies, stores, 1,000 apartments in high-rise towers, a catering hall and a cultural institution. The project is envisioned as a "veritical Hollywood" designed by [[Richard Rogers|Lord Richard Rogers]], the architect of the [[Pompidou Center]] in [[Paris]] and the [[Millennium Dome]] in [[London]]. It is to be built at the edge of the East River in [[Queens]] and will be the largest production house on the East Coast. Steiner Studios in Brooklyn would still have the largest single soundstage, however. Kaufman Studios plans its own expansion in 2007. [[Miramax Films]], a [[Big Ten (movie studios)|Big Ten]] film studio, is the largest motion picture distribution and production company headquartered in the city. Many smaller independent producers and distributors are also in New York. ===See also=== * [[List of film festivals in North and Central America#New York|List of film festivals in New York City]] * [[List of New York City television and film studios]] ==Music== {{main|Music of New York City}} In the 1930s New York-based [[RCA]] was the nation's largest manufacturer of [[phonograph]]s. In the late 19th and early 20th century, most sheet music in the United States &mdash; especially the popular songs of the day, many now standards &mdash; was printed at [[Tin Pan Alley]], so called because the constant sound of new songs being tried out on pianos in the publishing houses was said to sound like a tin pan. By the early 1960s the radio and musical stars of the Golden Age of [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] gave way to the [[Brill Building]]'s "Brill Sound." In the 1980s, [[hip hop music|hip hop]] labels including [[Def Jam]], [[Roc-A-Fella]], and [[Bad Boy Records]] were founded in New York, creating what is known as [[East Coast hip hop]]. These labels continue to be among the largest hip-hop labels in the world. Two of the [[world music market|"Big Four" music labels]], [[Sony BMG Music Entertainment]] and [[Warner Music Group]], also have their world headquarters in New York. Many major music magazines are headquartered in the city as well, including ''[[Blender Magazine]]'', ''[[Punk Magazine]]'', ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]'' and ''[[Rolling Stone]]''.<ref name="Gotham">{{cite web|title=Has the Music Scene Died in New York?|work=Gotham Gazette|url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/20041217/1/1218|accessmonthday=September 7 |accessyear=2005}}</ref> ==Portrayals of New York City in the media== [[Image:Restaurant.jpg|thumb|left|230px|Tom's Restaurant in Morningside Heights, famous as Monk's in [[Seinfeld]] and as Tom's Diner in the [[Suzanne Vega]] song of that name.]] Because of its sheer size and cultural influence, New York City has been the subject of many different, and often contradictory, portrayals in mass media. From the sophisticated and worldly metropolis seen in many [[Woody Allen]] films, to the hellish and chaotic urban jungle depicted in such movies as [[Martin Scorsese|Martin Scorsese's]] ''[[Taxi Driver]]'', New York has served as the unwitting backdrop for virtually every conceivable viewpoint on big city life. In the early years of film New York City was characterized as urbane and sophisticated. By the city's crisis period in the 1970s, however, films like ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]'', ''[[The French Connection (film)|The French Connection]]'', and ''[[Death Wish (film)|Death Wish]]'' showed New York as full of chaos and violence. With the city's renaissance in the 1980s and 1990s came new portrayals on television; ''[[Friends]]'', ''[[Seinfeld]]'', and ''[[Sex and the City]]'' showed life in the city to be glamorous and interesting. Nonetheless a disproportionate number of crime dramas, such as ''[[Law & Order]]'' and the ''[[Spider-Man]]'' film series, continue to use the city as their setting despite New York's status as the safest large city in the United States after plummeting crime rates over many years. An essay appearing in the Arts section of the ''New York Times'' in April 2006 quoted several filmmakers, including [[Sidney Lumet]] and [[Paul Mazursky]], describing how modern cinema shows the city as far more "teeming, terrifying, exhilarating, unforgiving" than contemporary New York actually is, and the consequential challenge this poses for filmmakers.<ref>"New York City as Film Set: From Mean Streets to Clean Streets." ''The New York Times'' 30 April 2006.[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/movies/30clar.html?_r=1&oref=slogin]</ref> The article quotes Robert Greenhut, [[Woody Allen|Woody Allen's]] producer, as saying that despite the increased sanitization of modern New York, "New Yorkers' personalities are different to Chicago. There's a certain kind of vibrancy and tone that you can't get elsewhere. The labor pool is more interesting than elsewhere — the salesgirl with one line, or the cop. That's who directors are looking for." James Sanders, editor of ''Scenes From the City: Filmmaking in New York, 1966-2006'', is quoted in the article as predicting that future films in New York City will move away from the well-worn setting of upper-middle class Manhattan neighborhoods to the outer boroughs, where they will begin examining the crosscurrents emanating from ethnic neighborhoods in Brooklyn, Queens and the Bronx. ===See also=== * [[List of books set in New York City]] * [[List of television shows set in New York City]] * [[List of films set in New York City]] * [[List of video games set in New York City]] ==See also== * ''[[The New York Times]]'' * ''[[New York Daily News]]'' * ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' * [[NYC Media Group]] * ''[[The New Yorker]]'' * [[Jewish American literature]] * ''[[The Washington Post]]'' * ''[[Newsweek]]'' * [[Culture of New York City]] * [[Media in Boston, Massachusetts]] ==References== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==External links== * [http://www.nyc.gov/html/film/html/index/index.shtml The Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting] - The city's film commission * [http://www.mnn.org Manhattan Neighborhood Network] - The first free public access channel in the United States * [http://www.taxisafety.com/radio.html Taxi Radio (Show for NYC taxi drivers)] * [http://www.radionylive.com Radio NY Live] - Manhattan Net-Radio {{New York City}} {{Media in New York City}} [[Category:Arts in the United States]] [[Category:Media in New York City| ]] [[Category:Lists of media by city in the United States|New York]] [[hu:New York-i média]]