Mikhail Frunze
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[[Image:Frunze-mikhail.jpg|thumb|right|140px|Mikhail Frunze]]
'''Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Михаил Васильевич Фрунзе, [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''Mihail Frunză''; also known as Арсений Трифоныч–''Arseniy Trifonych''; {{OldStyleDate|February 2|1885|January 21}}–[[October 31]], [[1925]]) was a [[Bolshevik]] leader during and just prior to the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]].
==Biography==
Frunze was born in [[Bishkek]], then a small [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russian]] garrison town in the [[Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz]] part of [[Turkestan]], to a [[Moldovans|Moldovan]] peasant (originally from [[Bessarabia]]) and his [[Russians|Russian]] wife. He began his studies at [[Almaty|Verniy]], and in 1904 he attended the [[Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University]].
At the Second Congress of the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party|Social Democratic Party Labour Party]] in [[London]] (1903), during the ideological split between [[Vladimir Lenin]] and [[Julius Martov]], the two main party leaders, over party tactics (Martov argued for a large party of activists, whilst Lenin wanted a small group of [[professional revolutionaries]] with a large fringe group of sympathisers), Frunze sided with the dissident minority of the ''Bolsheviks'' (opposed to Martov's ''[[Mensheviks]]'').
Two years after the Second Congress, Frunze was an important leader in the [[Russian Revolution of 1905|1905 Revolution]], at the head of striking [[textile]] workers in [[Shuya]] and [[Ivanovo]]. Following the disastrous end of the movement, Frunze was arrested and [[Capital punishment|sentenced to death]], but he was later reprieved and his sentence was commuted to life at [[Penal labour|hard labour]]. After ten years in [[Siberia]]n prisons, Frunze escaped to [[Chita, Russia|Chita]], where he became editor of the Bolshevik weekly newspaper called ''Vostochnoe Obozrenie''.
During the [[February Revolution]], Frunze was head of the [[Minsk]] civilian [[militia]] before being elected president of the [[Belarus|Byelorussian]] [[Soviet (council)|Soviet]]. He later went to [[Moscow]], and led an armed force of workers to aid in the struggle for control of the city.
After the October takeover, in 1918, Frunze became [[Political commissar|Military Commissar]] for the [[Voznesensk]] Province. During the early days of the [[Russian Civil War]], he was appointed as head of the Southern Army Group. After defeating Admiral [[Aleksandr Kolchak]] and the [[White movement|White Army]] in [[Omsk]], [[Leon Trotsky]] (the head of the [[Red Army]]) gave total command of the Eastern Front to him. Frunze went on to rid his native Turkestan of [[Basmachi Revolt|Basmachi insurgents]] and White troops. He captured [[Khiva]] in February and [[Bukhara]] in September.
In November 1920, Frunze retook the [[Crimea]] and managed to push White general [[Pyotr Wrangel]] and his troops out of Russia. He was also instrumental in the destruction of [[Nestor Makhno]]'s [[Anarchism|anarchist]] movement in [[Ukraine]] after Makhno refused to merge with the Red Army.
In 1921, he was elected to the [[Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Russian Bolshevik Party]], and, in January, 1925, became the Chairman of the [[Revolutionary Military Council]]. A strong supporter of [[Grigory Zinoviev]], Frunze came into conflict with [[Joseph Stalin]], one of Zinoviev's chief opponents.
He died of a [[chloroform]] poisoning during a stomach operation on [[31 October]], [[1925]]; it is believed that Stalin arranged his death. <ref> V. Topolyansky. ''Blow from the past.'' (Russian: В. Торолянский. ''Сквозняк из прошлого.'') Novaya Gazeta/InaPress. Moscow. 2006. ISBN 5-87135-183-2. Frunze was administrated a chloroform dose that many times exceeded the doze normally applied for narcosis. All four doctors who operated him (Martynov, Grekov, Rozanov and Get'e) died one by one in 1934. </ref>
[[Boris Pilnyak]]'s story "The Tale of the Unextinguished Moon" was based on Frunze's death. He was buried in the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]].
==Legacy==
{{KPSS}}
In 1926, the city of [[Bishkek]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], was renamed ''Frunze'' in his honour. It reverted back to its former name in 1991; nevertheless, Frunze himself is still commemorated in the city: a street and a museum in the centre of the city are named after him.
The [[Frunze Military Academy]], one of the most respected in the former [[Soviet Union]], was also named in his honour. Also, the honorific title of the [[Soviet 2nd Rifle Division]] was at some point the ''2nd Belarusian Red Banner Rifle Division in the name of M.V. Frunze''.
A [[Moscow Metro]] station was named ''[[Frunzenskaya]]'' in his honour, and a stone carving of his likeness stands in one end of the station. [[Shuya]] is home to a memorial museum dedicated to Frunze. Streets in many Russian cities are named after him.
==Quotes==
*"All that we do, every action, should correspond to the highest ideals of the Revolution."
*"The [[Red Army]] was created by the workers and peasants and is lead by the will of the [[working class]]. That will is being carried out by the united Communist Party."
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book | last=Gareev | first=M.A. | title=M.V. Frunze, Military Theorist | publisher=Pergamon-Brassey's | location=Washington, D.C. | year=1987 | isbn=0080351832 }}
* {{cite book | last=Jacobs | first=Walter Darnell | title=Frunze: The Soviet Clausewitz, 1885–1925 | year=1969 | publisher=Martinus Nijhoff | location=The Hague}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSfrunze.htm Biography]
*[http://www-personal.ksu.edu/~stone/sources Frunze's writings on military theory]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frunze, Mikhail}}
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University alumni]]
[[Category:Kyrgyz people]]
[[Category:Old Bolsheviks]]
[[Category:People of the Russian Civil War]]
[[Category:Romanian-Russians]]
[[az:Mixail Frunze]]
[[bg:Михаил Фрунзе]]
[[cv:Фрунзе Михаил Васильевич]]
[[de:Michail Wassiljewitsch Frunse]]
[[es:Mijaíl Frunze]]
[[fr:Mikhaïl Frounze]]
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[[id:Mikhail Frunze]]
[[it:Michail Vasil'evič Frunze]]
[[kk:Фрунзе, Михаил Васильевич]]
[[lt:Michailas Frunzė]]
[[hu:Mihail Vasziljevics Frunze]]
[[nl:Michail Froenze]]
[[ja:ミハイル・フルンゼ]]
[[pl:Michaił Frunze]]
[[ro:Mihail Frunze]]
[[ru:Фрунзе, Михаил Васильевич]]
[[sl:Mihail Vasiljevič Frunze]]
[[fi:Mihail Frunze]]
[[uk:Фрунзе Михайло Васильович]]
[[zh:米哈伊尔·伏龙芝]]