Mirza 1729543 226070831 2008-07-16T18:21:49Z BirgitteSB 317951 Wikipedia:Unreferenced articles; [[Wikipedia:Unreferenced articles|you can help!]] The title Mirza ({{PerB|ميرزا}}) is used for a member of a [[royal family]] or a member of the highest [[aristocracy]]. The name Mirza is still in use today by members of ruling or formerly ruling ''princely'' and royal houses all over the world. It does not contain an ''abbreviated style'' with it, like ''[[HRH]]'' (his/her royal highness), ''[[HH]]'' (his/her highness) and ''[[HM]]'' (his/her majesty). Although some, especially the [[salute states]] of India, did. ==Etymology== '''Mirza''', is derived from the Persian term "'Amīrzādeh'" which literally means ''"son of the [[emir]]"'' or ''"prince"'' (''"prince of blood"''). "Amīrzādeh" in turn comes from [[Arabic language|Arabic]] '''Amir''', meaning ""prince"" and the [[Persian language|Persian]] '''zādeh''' meaning "blood" or "lineage". ''A'''mirza'''da'', the son of a prince (hence the Persian patronymic suffix ''-zade'' or ''zada''), hence the Persian princely title ''[[Mirza]]''. This title is still common in Persian/Persian inluenced countries. A similar title '''Morza''' (plural ''morzalar''; derived from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word) was a noble title in [[Tatar]] states, such as [[Khanate of Kazan]], [[Khanate of Astrakhan]] and others, and in the [[Russian Empire]] later on. ==History== The titles themselves were given by the kings, sultans or emperors (equivalent to the western [[fount of honour]]) to their sons and grandsons, or even distant kins. Noblemen loyal to the kings also received this [[title | Noble titles]], although their usage differed. The title itself came from the title '''[[emir]]'''. ''Emir'', meaning "prince" in Arabic, -derived from the Arabic [[triconsonantal|root]] ''{{ArabDIN|Amr}}'', "command". Originally simply meaning commander or leader, usually in reference to a group of people. It came to be used as a title of governors or rulers, usually in smaller states, and in modern Arabic usually renders the English word "prince. Amir Sadri." The word entered English in 1595, from the [[French language|French]] ''émir''. <ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=amir&searchmode=none EtymologyOnLine</ref> It was one of the titles or names of the [[Islamic]] prophet [[Muhammad]]. *The common Arabic meaning of the word ''emir'' is "[[prince]]" (specifically, the male descendant of a [[monarch|sovereign]]). This title was used in the sultanate of the [[Maldives]] alongside the native title ''Manippulu''. In some states it could mean "[[crown prince]]" (more typically ''Wali al-Ahd''). *Before he was crowned as [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah]] of [[Jordan]], the son of [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] was referred to as "Emir Abdullah" (meaning "Prince Abdullah", before he adopted the higher title of ''[[malik]]'', king). *In various Muslim states, Amir was also a nobiliary title, as under the (Turkic) form '''"ämir"''', in the Tartar [[Khanate of Kazan]]. ==Princely, ministerial and noble titles== *The [[caliph]]s first used the title '''[[Amir al-Muminin]]''' ("Commander of the Faithful"), stressing their leadership over all Islam. Both this command and the title have been assumed by various other Muslim rulers, including sultans and emirs. *The Abbasid (in theory still universal) Caliph [[Ar-Radi]] created the post of [[Amir al-Umara]] ("Amir of the Amirs") for his -in fact governing- [[Wasir]] (chief minister) ''Ibn Raik''; the title was used in various Islamic monarchies; for military use. *In [[Lebanon]], the ruling Emir formally used the style '''al-Amir al-[[Hakim]]''' meaning "the Wise Prince" in [[Arabic Language|Arabic]] *The word Emir is also used less formally for leaders in certain contexts, for example the leader of a group of pilgrims to [[Mecca]] is called an ''emir hadji'', a style sometimes used by ruling princes (as a mark of Muslim piety), sometimes awarded in their name. Where an adjectival form is necessary, "emiral" suffices. *This title was also heavily used by a Turkic clan called [[Baig|Baig (or Beg)]]. ''Mirza'' would be attached as a title, while ''Baig'' would be attached as the surname to all the patriarchs, thus creating the '''Mirza Baig''' lineage. ==Today== In [[Iran]], the title Mirza is prefixed to the beginning of the male's name where it is used to signify a high-ranking man or a male who has Iranian royal blood from a female. (For example, from his mother; or his father's mother; etc.) The name today also has a high degree of usage in the [[Indian subcontinent]] although the diaspora is wide and stretches across the world from former [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] (such as [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]) to [[Middle East]]ern and [[Central Asia]]n countries (such as [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Turkey]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]] etc). For the [[Indian Subcontinent|Indian/Pakistani]] usage, when prefixed to a last name it is a title of honour, but when annexed to a persons name it means a prince of royal blood. Few countries still used the title as an office or military rank, usually monarchies and emirates, but they are decreasing in numbers and "[[Mirza]]" is being added only as surnames, to reflect a royal or honorary/princely lineage. Noble families and their descendants in [[South Asia]] & [[Central Asia]] have "[[Mirza]]" in their name. Many people of Pakistan have Mirza as their last name. (For Example Mahmud Mansur '''Mirza''') ==Notable Mirzas== * [[Mirza Kuchak Khan]]: Persian revolutionary who led the Jungle Movement in the northern jungles of [[Gilan Province]] * [[Mirza Ghalib]] (born: Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan), a famous Urdu and Persian poet from India who adorned the Mughal court * [[Abbas Mirza]], a crown prince of [[Persian Empire|Persia]] * [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], an Indian claimant of [[Messiah]] and [[Mahdi]] and founder of [[Ahmadiyya]] community * [[Mirza Nali]], son of emperor [[Akbar Shah II]] *[[Jalaluddin Mirza]], Defence Minister of Dighapatia Kings (during the [[Mughal Empire]] of [[India]]) and the Grand Nephew of [[Bahadur Shah II]] * [[Iskander Mirza|Iskander Ali Mirza]], was the first president, and 4th Governor-General of the newly established Islamic Republic of [[Pakistan]] in 1956 * [[Fahmida Mirza| Dr. Fahmida Mirza]], elected as the first female Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan in 2008 * [[Mirza Davud Huseynov]], was an [[Azerbaijan]]i statesman and politician * [[Mirza Delibašić]], was a [[Bosnians|Bosnian]] basketball player * [[Mirza Asceric]] Son of Babo. Named after the above Mirza. *[[Mirza Sahiba|Mirza Khan]] of "Mirza & Sahiba" a tragic Romeo-and-Juliet-like love story enshrined in [[Panjabi]] literature and commonly told in [[Punjab region|The Panjab]] * [[Diya Mirza]], [[Bollywood]] actress, a former [[Miss Asia Pacific]], and [[Miss India]] runner-up * [[Sania Mirza]], [[India]] (born November 15, 1986) is an Indian tennis player * [[Mirza Džomba]], [[Croatia]]n handball player * [[Ebrahim Mirzapour]], Iranian Football/Soccer player, played in 2006 World Cup as goalkeeper for [[Iran]]'s national team * [[Muhammad Munawwar Mirza]], was a prominent scholar, historian, writer and intellectual from [[Pakistan]] * [[Shazia Mirza]], a British actress, writer and stand-up comedian * [[Mirza Ghiyas Beg]], father of Mehrunissa, who became the Mughal Empress [[Nur Jahan]], the last and favorite wife of Emperor [[Jahangir]]. * [[Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi]] and [[Vaziri Family]] == See also == *[[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] *[[Nawab]] *[[Shahzada]] *[[Emir]] *[[Khanzada]] *[[Sultanzada]] *[[Assad]] ==Sources and references== <references /> *''Brewer's Dictionary of Phrases and Fable'', 16th edition Revised by Adrian Room, 1999 *[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Religious_Organizations.html#Caliphate WorldStatesmen] *[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=amir&searchmode=none] *[http://www.mirzalaw.com] {{refimprove|date=July 2006}} {{disambig}} [[Category:Noble titles]] [[Category:Turkish surnames]] [[Category:Urdu names]] [[Category:Persian surnames]] [[Category:Court titles]] [[Category:Royal titles]] [[Category:Noble titles]] [[Category:Titles in Iran]] [[Category:Titles in Afghanistan]] [[Category:Titles in Pakistan]] [[Category:Turkish titles]] [[Category:Indian family names]] [[de:Mirza]] [[fr:Mirza]] [[nn:Mirza]] [[pl:Mirza]] [[pt:Mirza]] [[ru:Мурза]] [[tr:Mirza]]