Modra
2432553
217049763
2008-06-04T11:48:54Z
78.99.235.127
{{Geobox | settlement
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Modra
| category = Town
<!-- *** Name *** -->
| etymology =
| official_name =
| motto =
| nickname =
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = Mestska brana - Modra.jpg
| image_caption = The "Upper Gate", the only remaining fortification gate in Modra
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
| flag =
| symbol =
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
| country = Slovakia
| country_flag = 1
| state =
| region = [[Bratislava Region|Bratislava]]
| district = [[Pezinok District|Pezinok]]
| municipality =
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| part =
| river =
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| location =
| elevation = 175
| lat_d = 48
| lat_m = 19
| lat_s = 54
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 17
| long_m = 18
| long_s = 32
| long_EW = E
| coordinates_type = region:SK_type:city
| highest = Veľká homoľa
| highest_elevation = 709
| highest_lat_d =
| highest_long_d =
| lowest =
| lowest_elevation = 144
| lowest_lat_d =
| lowest_long_d =
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| area = 49.624
| area_round = 3
<!-- *** Population *** -->
| population = 8704
| population_date = 2005
| population_density = auto
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established = [[1158]]
| established_type = First mentioned
| date =
| mayor = Peter Majtan
<!-- *** Codes *** -->
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code = 900 01
| area_code = +421-33
| code = PK
| code_type = [[Slovak car registration plates|Car plate]]
<!-- *** UNESCO etc. *** -->
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free =
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = Slovakia - outline map.svg
| map_background = Slovakia - background map.png
| map_caption = Location of Modra in Slovakia
| map_locator = Slovakia
| map1 = Bratislava Region - outline map.svg
| map1_background = Bratislava Region - background map.png
| map1_caption = Location of Modra in the Bratislava Region
| map1_locator = Bratislava Region
| map1_size = 128
<!-- *** Websites *** -->
| commons = Modra
| statistics = [http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/prvav2.jsp?txtUroven=410107&lstObec=508101&Okruh=zaklad MOŠ/MIS]
| website = [http://www.modra.sk/ www.modra.sk]
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
'''Modra''' (-[[Slovak language|Slovak]], {{lang-de|Modern}}, {{lang-hu|Modor}}, [[Latin]]: ''Modorinum'') is a city and [[municipality]] in the [[Bratislava Region]] in [[Slovakia]]. It has a population of 8,704 as of [[2005]]. It nestles in the foothills of the [[Malé Karpaty]] (Little Carpathian mountains) and is an excellent centre of hiking.
Modra is famous for its pottery industry. Its blue-and-white porcelain is famous throughout Slovakia.
It is also known as one of the most important vinicultural centres of the Little Carpathians region.
Besides the main town, there are also other adjacent settlements incorporated in the municipality: former vassalage viticulture village Kráľová and two recreational hamlets of Harmónia and Piesok (also known as Zochova Chata), both located in the woods of Little Carpathians mountains.
==History==
The first traces of habitation go back into the 3rd millennium BCE and the first permanent habitation comes from the time of [[Great Moravia]], when the Slavs were living there. The first mention about Modra was in 1158 in a document of the [[Géza II of Hungary]], when it belonged to the bishop of [[Nitra]]. After the [[Mongol invasion of Europe|Mongol invasion of 1241]] the settlement was reconstructed by the [[Carpathian Germans|German colonists]]. The first mention about vineyards goes back to 1321. The settlement received its town privileges in 1361 and became a [[free royal town]] in 1607. The town fortifications with three gates were constructed in 1610–1647. Since the 17th century it was one of the leading craft centres in present-day Slovakia. The ceramic industry and [[majolica]] production started in the 19th century and in 1883 a school of ceramics was established, where through the skillfulness of [[Habaner]]s the so-called Slovak ceramics were created. The railway track from [[Bratislava]] to [[Trnava]] bypassed the town in the 1840s, as the local magistrate refused to allow construction of the railway.
==Landmarks==
*Observatory of the [[Comenius University in Bratislava]] in Zochova chata
*A grave, memorial, museum (with an external exhibition "Štúrova izba" (memorable room of Štúr) and statue of [[Ľudovít Štúr]], who died here in 1856
*Residuum of the former fortifications: a bastion (with a gallery of Ignác Bizmayer, pottery master) and the "Upper Gate", the only preserved one of three original town gates
*A country castle just behind the upper gate; seat of the vineyard school
*A Renaissance building from the end of the 17th century
*the present-day workshops specialising on the Modra ceramics
*Churches:
**Roman Catholic Church of St. Stephen the King from years 1873–1876 on the market square
**Roman Catholic Church of St. John the Baptist from the 2nd half of the 14th century at the cemetery with the names of victims of the [[First World War]]
**Evangelical church of [[Augsburg Confession]] ("German church") from 1714, present-day form since 1834
**Evangelical church of Apostles Peter and Paul ("Slovak church") from 1715, present-day form since 1826, standing near the "German church"
**small Baroque chapel of Mary Immaculate from 1740, standing in front of the evangelical churches
**Chapel of St. Michael from 1873
==Demographics==
According to the 2001 [[census]], the town had 8,536 inhabitants. 97.4% of inhabitants were [[Slovaks]], 1% [[Czech people|Czechs]] and 0.4% [[Hungarian people|Hungarians]].<ref name="statistics">{{cite web | title = Municipal Statistics | publisher = Statistical Office of the Slovak republic | url = http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html | accessdate = 2007-11-06}}</ref> Structure of religion: 53.7% [[Roman Catholics]], 25.8% [[Lutherans]], and 15% with no confession.<ref name="statistics"/>
==People==
*[[Ľudovít Štúr]], lived his last years in Modra
*[[Vincent Šikula]], Slovak writer
*[[Ignác Bizmayer]], Slovak artist
==Partner towns <ref>[http://www.modra.sk/samosprava_partnerske_mesta.html Www.Modra.Sk<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>==
*{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Benátky nad Jizerou]], [[Czech Republic]]
*{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Hustopeče]], Czech Republic
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Overijse]], [[Belgium]]
*{{flagicon|France}} [[Martres Tolosane]], [[France]]
==References==
*''Part or whole of the information is based on the [[:de:Modra|corresponding article]] on the German Wikipedia''
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.modra.sk Official website]
{{Pezinok District}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Slovakia]]
[[Category:Villages and municipalities in Pezinok District]]
[[cs:Modra]]
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