Monaco 19261 226062988 2008-07-16T17:41:01Z 65.95.62.135 {{otheruses}} {{Infobox Country |common_name = Monaco |native_name =''Principauté de Monaco'' |conventional_long_name = Principality of Monaco |image_flag = Flag of Monaco.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Monaco.svg |image_map = Europe_location_MCO.png |map_caption = {{map_caption |location=circled in inset |region=on the [[Europe|European continent]]}} |national_motto = ''"Deo Juvante"''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Latin]])<br />"With God's Help"</small> |national_anthem = ''[[Hymne Monégasque]]'' |capital = Monaco<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2008-05-22|url=http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909!/x2Gb?OpenDocument&2Gb|title=History & Heritage |publisher=[[Council of Government (Monaco)|Council of Government]]}}</ref> <!-- |latd =43 |latm=44 |latNS=N |longd=7 |longm=24 |longEW=E --> |largest_settlement_type = Most&nbsp;populated ''quartier'' |largest_settlement = <br />[[Monte Carlo]] |official_languages = [[French language|French]] <ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2008-05-22|url=http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/1909$/036c62fe5f92f2efc1256f5b0054fa42gb?OpenDocument&3Gb|title=CONSTITUTION DE LA PRINCIPAUTE|publisher=[[Council of Government (Monaco)|Council of Government]]}}</ref> |government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]] and [[Principality]] |leader_title1 = [[Sovereign Prince of Monaco|Prince]] |leader_title2 = [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Minister of State]] |leader_title3 = [[President of the National Council]] |leader_name1 = [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert II]] |leader_name2 = [[Jean-Paul Proust]] |leader_name3 = [[Stéphane Valeri]] ([[Union for Monaco|UPM]]) |area_km2 = 1.95 |area_sq_mi = 0.76 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |area_rank = 233rd |area_magnitude = 1 E6 |percent_water = 0.0 |population_estimate = 32,671 |population_estimate_year = 2007 |population_estimate_rank = 210th <!--UN--> |population_density_km2 = 16,754 |population_density_sq_mi = 47,358 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> |population_density_rank = 2nd |population_census = 32,020|population_census_year=2000 |GDP_PPP = $976 million <!--cia.gov writes: "Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates are extremely rough"--> |GDP_PPP_year = 2007 |GDP_PPP_rank = ? |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $70,670 (€50,000) (Mid Sept. 07 est.) |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 2/3 |HDI_year = 2003 |HDI = n/a |HDI_rank = unranked |HDI_category = <font color="gray">n/a</font> |sovereignty_type = [[Independence]] |established_event1 = [[House of Grimaldi]] |established_date1 = [[1297]] |currency = [[Euro]] |currency_code = EUR |time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |demonym = Monégasque or Monagasque |cctld = [[.mc]] |calling_code = 377 }} '''Monaco''', officially the '''[[Monaco|Principality of Monaco]]''' ''([[Monégasque language|Monégasque]]: Principatu de Múnegu; [[Occitan language|Occitan]]: Principat de Mónegue; [[French language|French]]: Principauté de Monaco)'' is a small sovereign [[city-state]] located in [[Western Europe]]. The territory lies on the northern coast of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] and is completely enclosed by [[France]]. Monaco is often regarded as a [[tax haven]], and many of its inhabitants are wealthy and from foreign countries (including France), although they are not a majority.<ref>Per capita purchasing power parity GDP (US dept. of State 2006 est.): $30,000 [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm]</ref> Monaco is a [[Constitutional Monarchy]] and [[Principality]] with [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert II]] as head of state. The [[Grimaldi]] family has ruled over Monaco since 1292 and the state's sovereignty was officially recognized by the [[Franco-Monegasque Treaty|Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861]]. Despite being independent, Monaco’s defense is still the responsibility of France. Monaco is the [[List of countries by population density|world’s most densely populated sovereign country]], and the world's smallest [[French language|French]]-speaking [[country]]. == Administrative division == Monaco is a small country in Europe, and the distinction between the State and City of Monaco is purely theoretical. The state in fact consists of one [[municipality]] (''commune'') only. According to the [[constitution]] of 1911, the [[principality]] was subdivided into three municipalities: *Monaco ([[Monaco-Ville]]), the old city on a rocky promontory extending into the Mediterranean, known as the [[Rock of Monaco]], or simply le Rocher (the rock), where the palace is located *[[Monte Carlo]], the principal residential and resort area with the [[Monte Carlo Casino]] in the east and northeast *[[La Condamine]], the northwest section including the port area. The three municipalities were merged into one in 1954 (after accusations that the government was acting according to the motto "divide and conquer"), and they had the status of [[ward]]s (''quartiers'') thereafter. *[[Fontvieille, Monaco|Fontvieille]] was added as fourth ward, a newly constructed area reclaimed from the sea (in the 1970s) *[[Moneghetti]] became the fifth ward, created from a part of La Condamine *[[Larvotto]] became the sixth ward, created from a part of Monte Carlo *[[Saint Roman|La Rousse/Saint Roman]] (including [[Le Ténao]]) became the seventh ward, also created from a part of Monte Carlo Subsequently, three additional wards were created: *[[Saint Michel, Monaco|Saint Michel]], from a part of Monte Carlo *[[La Colle]], from a part of La Condamine *[[Les Révoires]], from a part of La Condamine An additional ward is planned by new land reclamation, to be settled from 2014: *Le Portier Currently the principality is subdivided into 10 wards (with their official numbers - Le Portier, the planned ward, is anticipated as number 11): {| class="wikitable" ! Nr || [[Ward]] || Area</br>(m²) || Population</br>([[Census]]</br>of 2000) || Density</br>km<sup>&minus;2</sup>||[[City block|City]]</br>[[City block|Blocks]]</br>''(îlots)''||Remarks |- | colspan=6 align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | '''Former municipality of [[Monaco-Ville|Monaco]]''' |- | 05 || [[Monaco-Ville]] || align="right" | 184,750 || align="right" | 1,034|| align="right" | 5597 ||align="right" | 19 || Old City with palace |- | colspan=6 align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | '''Former municipality of [[Monte Carlo]]''' |- | 01 || [[Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo/Spélugues]] (''Bd. Des Moulins-Av. de la Madone'')|| align="right" | 281,461 || align="right" | 3,034 || align="right" | 10779||align="right" | 20|| the casino and resort area |- | 02 || [[Saint Roman|La Rousse/ Saint Roman]] (''Annonciade-Château Périgord'')|| align="right" | 105,215|| align="right" | 3,223 || align="right" | 30633||align="right" | 15|| in the northeast, incl. [[Le Ténao]] |- | 03 || [[Larvotto|Larvotto/Bas Moulins]] (''Larvotto-Bd Psse Grace'')|| align="right" | 328,479 || align="right" | 5,443 || align="right" | 16570||align="right" | 15|| eastern beach area |- | 10 || [[Saint Michel, Monaco|Saint Michel]] (''Psse Charlotte-Park Palace'')|| align="right" | 142,223|| align="right" | 3,807 || align="right" | 26768||align="right" | 24|| central residential area |- | colspan=6 align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | '''Former municipality of [[La Condamine]]''' |- | 04 || [[La Condamine]] || align="right" | 237,283 || align="right" | 3,847 || align="right" | 16213||align="right" | 27|| port area in the northwest |- | 07 || [[La Colle, Monaco |La Colle]] (''Plati-Pasteur-Bd Charles III'')|| align="right" | 188,073 || align="right" | 2,822 || align="right" | 15005||align="right" | 15|| on the western border with [[Cap d'Ail]] |- | 08 || [[Les Révoires]] (''Hector Otto-Honoré Labande'')|| align="right" | 75,747 || align="right" | 2,515 || align="right" | 33203||align="right" | 11|| containing the Jardin Exotique |- | 09 || [[Moneghetti|Moneghetti/ Bd de Belgique]] (''Bd Rainier III-Bd de Belgique''|| align="right" | 107,056 || align="right" | 3,003 || align="right" | 28051 || align="right" | 18||&nbsp; |- | colspan=6 align=center bgcolor="#EFEFEF" | '''new land reclaimed from the sea''' |- | 06 || [[Fontvieille, Monaco|Fontvieille]] || align="right" | 324,157|| align="right" | 3,292 || align="right" | 10156||align="right" | 9|| started 1971 |- | 11 || [[Le Portier]] || align="right" | 275,000<sup>1) </sup> || align="right" | - || align="right" | -||align="right" | -|| planned (for 2014) |- style="background: #CCC;" | &nbsp; || Monaco || align="right" | 1,974,444 || align="right" | 32,020 || align="right" | 16217||align="right" | 173|| &nbsp; |- |colspan="6" style="background: #ffffff;" |<sup>1) </sup>Area not included in total, as it is only proposed |} For statistical purposes, the wards of Monaco are further subdivided into 173 [[city block]]s (''îlots''), which are comparable to the [[census block]]s in the [[United States]]. == History == {{main|History of Monaco}} [[Image:Monte Carlo, evening.jpg|thumb|210px|View of Monte Carlo]] [[Image:Whole Monaco.jpg|210px|thumb|The territory of the Principality of Monaco]] Monaco first gained its name from the nearby [[Phocaea]]n [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] colony, in the [[sixth century BC]], which referred to the Ligurians as Monoikos, from the [[Greek language|Greek]] Μόνοικος "single house", from μόνος "alone, single" + οίκος "house", which bears the sense of a people either settled in a "single habitation" or of "living apart" from others. According to an ancient myth, [[Hercules]] passed through the Monaco area and turned away the previous gods. As a result a temple was constructed there by Phocaeans, the temple of Hercules Monoikos. Because the only temple of this area was the "House" of Hercules, the city was called Monoikos.<ref>''Strabo, Geography, Gaul, 4.6.3'' [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/4F*.html at LacusCurtious]</ref> Following a land grant from [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]] in [[1191]], Monaco was re-founded in [[1228]] as a colony of [[Republic of Genoa|Genoa]]. Monaco has been ruled by the [[House of Grimaldi]] since [[1297]], when [[François Grimaldi]] ("''Malizia''", Italian for "The Malicious") and his men captured the [[Prince's Palace of Monaco|fortress]] protecting the famous [[Rock of Monaco]] while he was dressed as a [[Franciscan]] [[monk]] — or, in [[Italian language|Italian]] ''Monaco'', although this is a coincidence as the area was already known by this name. From [[1793]] to [[1814]], Monaco was under French control. The [[Congress of Vienna]] designated Monaco as a protectorate of the Kingdom of [[Sardinia]] from [[1815]] until [[1860]] when the [[Treaty of Turin]] ceded to France the surrounding county of [[Nice]] (as well as [[Savoy]]). During this time there was unrest in the towns of [[Menton]] and [[Roquebrune]], which declared independence, hoping for annexation by [[Sardinia]]. The unrest continued until the ruling prince gave up his claim to the two towns (some 95% of the country), and they were ceded to France in return for four million francs. This transfer and Monaco's sovereignty was recognised by the [[Franco-Monegasque Treaty|Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861]]. Until the [[1911]] constitution, the [[List of rulers of Monaco|princes of Monaco]] were [[absolute monarchy|absolute rulers]]. In July [[1918]], a treaty was signed providing for limited French protection over Monaco. The treaty, part of the [[Treaty of Versailles]], established that Monegasque international policy would be aligned with French political, military, and economic interests. In 1943, the Italian army invaded and occupied Monaco, setting up a [[Fascist]] administration. Shortly thereafter, following Mussolini's collapse in Italy, the [[Nazi]] German Wehrmacht occupied Monaco and began the deportation of the Jewish population. Among them was [[René Blum (ballet)|René Blum]] (Paris, [[13 March]] [[1878]] – [[Auschwitz]], [[30 April]] [[1943]]), who founded the Ballet de l'Opera in Monte Carlo. He was held in the [[Drancy]] deportation camp outside of [[Paris]], from whence he was shipped to the Auschwitz [[concentration camp]], where he died. [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco]] acceded to the throne following the death of his grandfather, Prince [[Louis II, Prince of Monaco|Louis II]], in [[1949]]. A new constitution, proclaimed in [[1962]], abolished [[capital punishment]], provided for [[women's suffrage]], and established a [[Supreme Court of Monaco]] to guarantee fundamental liberties. In [[1993]], the Principality of Monaco became a member of the [[United Nations]], with full voting rights. In [[2002]], a new treaty between France and Monaco specified that, should there be no heirs to carry on the Grimaldi dynasty, the principality would still remain an independent nation rather than revert to France. Monaco's military defense, however, is still the responsibility of France. On [[31 March]] [[2005]], Prince Rainier III, too ill to exercise his duties, relinquished them onto his only son and heir, Prince Albert Alexandre Louis. Prince Rainier died on [[6 April]], [[2005]], after a reign of 56 years, and his son succeeded him as [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert II]], Sovereign Prince of Monaco. Following a period of official mourning, Prince Albert II formally assumed the princely crown on [[12 July]] [[2005]], in a celebration that began with a solemn [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] at Monaco cathedral, where his father had been buried three months earlier. His accession to the Monegasque throne was a two-step event, with a further ceremony, drawing heads of state for an elaborate ''levée'', held on [[19 November]] [[2005]] at the historic palace in Monaco-Ville. Albert II is also the son of the late princess Grace, previously known as the actress [[Grace Kelly]]. == Law and government== [[Image:MonacoView.jpg|thumb|210px|right|View of the Port of Hercules, [[La Condamine]], Monaco]] Monaco has been governed as a [[constitutional monarchy]] since [[1911]], with the [[Sovereign Prince of Monaco]] as [[Head of state]]. The [[Executive (government)|executive branch]] consists of a [[Minister of State (Monaco)|Minister of State]] (the [[head of government]]), who presides over a four-member Council of Government (the [[Cabinet]]). The minister of state is a French citizen appointed by the prince from among candidates proposed by the French government. Under the [[1962]] constitution, the prince shares his power with the [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] National Council (parliament). The twenty-four members of this [[Legislature|legislative]] body are elected from lists by [[universal suffrage]] for five-year terms. The principality's local affairs are directed by the Communal Council, which consists of fifteen elected members and is presided over by the mayor. == Economy == [[Image:Monaco fontvieille.jpg|thumb|210px|[[Fontvieille, Monaco|Fontvieille]] and its new harbour]] [[Image:monaco casino 2007.jpg|thumb|210px|[[Monte Carlo Casino]]]] One of Monaco's main sources of income is [[tourism]]; each year many are attracted to its casino and pleasant climate. In 2001, a major new construction project extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main harbour. The principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, non-polluting industries such as cosmetics and biothermics. The state retains [[Monopoly|monopolies]] in numerous sectors, including [[tobacco]] and the postal service. The [[telephone]] network ([[Monaco Telecom]]) used to be owned by the state; it now owns 45%, while the remaining 55% is owned by [[Cable and Wireless]] (49%) and Compagnie Monégasque de Banque (6%). It is still, however, a monopoly. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco is not a member of the [[European Union]] but is very closely linked to it via a customs union with France, and as such its [[currency]] is the same as that of France: the [[euro]]. Prior to 2002, Monaco minted their own franc coins, the [[Monegasque franc]]. Monaco has acquired the right to mint [[euro coins]] with [[Monegasque euro coins|Monegasque designs]] on their national side. == Tax haven myths and facts == In general terms, Monaco has no personal income tax for many types of business owners, investors and self-employed people who live in Monaco and who make their money outside of Monaco; however, there is a major exception: this does not apply to French nationals living in Monaco. Thus, Monaco could be called a "tax haven" - but not for the French. This is not unlike the situation in, for example, the United Kingdom, where there are tremendous tax benefits for those from certain (but not all) countries who are strictly not U.K. citizens: London enjoys a large number of super-rich foreign residents for the identical tax reasons as Monaco. Furthermore, conventional salaried employees in Monaco, while paying no "income tax," do pay a very substantial "social insurance contribution" from their income, which amounts to some 40 to 50 percent of overall income paid by the employer, and indeed is higher than income tax rates in many other countries. The actual tax savings available to an individual from another country living in Monaco depends on the exact details of the individual's income sources and on the tangle of so-called [[double taxation]] agreements and [[tax treaty]] agreements between Monaco and other countries. (Indeed for many of the world's super-rich, there would be no advantage at all to being resident in Monaco.) These sometimes dramatic tax advantages have led to a considerable number of wealthy "tax refugee" Monaco residents, originally from other parts of Europe or the rest of the world. Celebrities such as [[Formula One]] drivers attract attention, but the vast majority are non-celebrity business people. It is worth noting that Monaco does not function in any way as an "offshore" centre. Monaco has no [[offshore company]] formulations whatsoever. [[Offshoring]] is not possible in Monaco, and Monaco is not an [[offshore financial center]] in any way. Taxes and regulations on businesses in Monaco are "normal." Thus Monaco is strictly a personal tax haven (for non-French individuals), and is in no way a business tax haven, such as [[Bermuda]], [[United States]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Panama]], [[Singapore]] and the other IMF offshore centers ([[List of offshore financial centres]]). In 2000, a [http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/11/rap-info/i2311-2.asp report] by French [[French National Assembly|parliamentarians]] [[Arnaud Montebourg]] and [[Vincent Peillon]] alleged that Monaco has lax policies with respect to money laundering, including within its famed casino, and that the government of Monaco puts political pressure on the judiciary so that alleged crimes are not properly investigated. The [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] ([[OECD]]) issued in 1998 a first report on the consequences of the [[tax havens]] financial systems. Monaco did not appear in the list of these territories until 2004, when [[OECD]] became indignant regarding the Monegasque situation<ref> '' Declaration of April 18th, 2004, by the representative of the [[OECD]] Centre for Tax Policy and Administration Gabriel Makhlouf regarding the list of alleged [[tax havens]] non-cooperatives countries comparable'' </ref> and denounced it in its last report<ref> '' Stage Report 2004: Project of [[OECD]] on the detrimental tax practices, [[OECD]], Paris, 2004 '' </ref> (as well as [[Andorra]], the [[Principality of Liechtenstein]], [[Liberia]] and the [[Republic of the Marshall Islands]]) underlining its lack of co-operation as regards financial information disclosure and availability. In 2000, the [[Financial Action Task Force]] ([[FATF]]) underlined that Monaco suffers a great lack of adequate resources.<ref> '' Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, [[FATF]], Paris, 2000 '' </ref> The Principality is no longer blamed in the [[FATF]] 2005 report,<ref> '' Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, [[FATF]], Paris, 2005 '' </ref> as well as all other territories in 2006.<ref> '' Review to Identify Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories: Increasing the Worldwide Effectiveness of Anti-Money Laundering Measures, [[FATF]], Paris, 2006 '' </ref> Since 2003, the [[International Monetary Fund]] ([[IMF]]) has identified Monaco, along with 36 other territories, as a [[tax haven]].<ref> '' « Financial Centres with Significant Offshore Activities » in Offshore Financial Centres. The Assessment Program. A Progress Report Supplementary Information, [[IMF]], Washington, 2005 '' </ref> The [[Council of Europe]] also decided to issue reports naming tax havens. 22 territories, Monaco included, were thus evaluated between 1998 and 2000 on a first round. Monaco is the only territory that refuses to perform the second round, initially forecast between 2001 and 2003, whereas the 21 other territories are implementing the third and last round, planned between 2005 and 2007.<ref> '' First Mutual Evaluation Report on the Principality of Monaco, Moneyval, Strasbourg, 2003 '' </ref> In contrast, capitalist, libertarian, free-market, and right-wing think tanks such as the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] in Europe or the [[Cato Institute]] in the Americas, shower praise on Monaco (for example, http://www.iea.org.uk/record.jsp?type=pressArticle&ID=295 or http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=9241 ) for providing a counterweight to the "tax cartel" of high-tax nations. ==Geography of Monaco== {{main article|Geography of Monaco}} Monaco is completely bordered by [[France]] to the north, west, and south; to the east it is bordered by the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. ==Sport== ===Football=== [[Football in Monaco]] is overwhelmingly dominated by [[AS Monaco FC]], a club which plays in the [[Ligue 1|French League]], which they have won on seven occasions. The club plays their games at the [[Stade Louis II]]. There is also a [[Monaco national football team]] who play matches against other small nations, islands and dependencies. They are currently seeking membership of [[FIFA]] which would allow them to try and qualify for the [[FIFA World Cup]]. Every year Monaco plays host to the [[UEFA Super Cup]] and the draw for the [[UEFA Champions League]]. ===Monaco Grand Prix=== Since [[1929]], the [[Monaco Grand Prix]] has been held annually on the streets of Monaco. It's the glamorous centerpiece of [[Formula One]] racing and is widely considered one of the most prestigious automobile races, along with the [[Indianapolis 500]] and the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]]. The Monaco Grand Prix is one of the few remaining city races in Formula One, the rest now being run on purpose-built racetracks. Preparation of [[Circuit de Monaco|the circuit]] takes six weeks, with another three weeks for removals after the race. The circuit has many elevation changes and tight corners, along with a tunnel which runs under one of the large hotels. This together with being incredibly narrow make it perhaps the most demanding [[Formula One]] track. Only two drivers have ever crashed into the harbour, the most famous being [[Alberto Ascari]] in [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix|1955]] (Ascari would lose his life four days later at [[Monza]]). The other was [[Paul Hawkins (racing driver)|Paul Hawkins]] during the [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|1965]] race. ===Monte Carlo Rally=== The [[Monte Carlo Rally]] has been held since 1911, having originally been held at the behest of [[Albert I, Prince of Monaco]], and is, like the principality's Grand Prix, organised by the ''Automobile Club de Monaco''. It has long been considered to be one of the toughest and most prestigious events in [[rallying]] and since 1973 has been the opening round of the [[World Rally Championship]]. ===Other Sports=== The [[Monte Carlo Masters]] is currently held annually in neighbouring [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin]], [[France]], as a professional tournament for men as part of [[tennis]]' [[ATP Masters Series]]. The tournament has been held since 1897. [[Golf]]'s [[Monte Carlo Open (golf)|Monte Carlo Open]] was also held at the Monte Carlo Golf Club at Mont Agel in France between 1984 and 1992. ==Education== ===Primary and secondary schools=== Monaco has ten state-operated schools, including seven nursery and primary schools, one secondary school ([http://www.college-charles3.mc/ Collège Charles III]), one lycée that provides general and technological training ([http://www.lycee-albert1er.mc/ Lycée Albert 1er]), and one [[lycée]] that provides vocational and hotel training.<ref>http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/d0c95819dd9f2e3dc1256f9c003b549c/4f4037377865aa6bc125701800280dd1!OpenDocument&Highlight=0,Schools</ref> There are also two grant-aided denominational private schools (including ''Institution François d'Assise Nicolas Barré'') and (''Ecole des Sœurs Dominicaines'') and one international school (''International School of Monaco''). ====Colleges and universities==== * [[International University of Monaco]] ==Demographics== {{main|Demographics of Monaco}} Monaco's population is unusual in that the native [[Monegasque]]s are a minority in their own country. The largest proportion of residents are French nationals (47%), followed by Monegasque (16%), and Italians (16%). The remaining 21% belong to one of the other 125 nationalities that make up Monaco's international population. ==Languages== [[French language|French]] is the only official language, but [[Italian language|Italian]], [[English language|English]], and the two local languages, [[Monégasque language|Monégasque]] (a local variety of [[Ligurian language (Romance)|Ligurian]]) and [[Occitan]], are also spoken. The literacy rate is 99%. The Monégasque language is expected to experience a revival in the near future following a recent decision to teach it to all children in Monaco's schools. ==Religion== [[Image:Kathedrale monaco.jpg|thumb|210px|[[Cathedral]] of Monaco]] ===Roman Catholic=== The official [[religion]] is [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]], with freedom of other religions guaranteed by the constitution. There are five Catholic parish churches in Monaco and one [[cathedral]] presided over by an [[archbishop]]. ===Anglican=== There is one [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]] church ([[St. Paul]]'s Church), located in the Avenue de Grande Bretagne in Monte Carlo. In 2007 this had a formal membership of 135 Anglicans resident in the principality, but was also serving a considerably larger number of Anglicans temporarily in the country, mostly as tourists. The church site also accommodates an English-language library of over 3,000 books.<ref>See the website of [http://www.stpauls.monaco.mc/ St Paul's Church, Monaco].</ref> == Security == {{seealso|Law enforcement in Monaco}} {{seealso|Military of Monaco}} The wider defence of the nation is provided by [[France]]. Monaco has no navy or air force, but on both a per-capita and per-area basis, Monaco has the largest police force (515 police officers for 32,000 people) and police presence in the world. Its police includes a specialist unit which operates patrol and surveillance boats. There is also a small military consisting of a (mainly ceremonial) bodyguard unit for the Prince and his palace called the [[Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince]] which numbers 112 officers and men and is equipped with modern weapons such as M-16 rifles and 9 mm pistols, and a militarized (and armed) fire and civil defence Corps. The Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince (Prince's Company of Carabiniers) is the main ceremonial unit of the [[Military of Monaco|military force of Monaco]]. It was created by Prince [[Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco|Honoré IV]] in [[1817]] for the protection of the Principality and the Princely family. The company numbers exactly 121 officers and men; while the [[non-commissioned officer|NCOs]] and soldiers are local, the officers have generally served in the [[French Army]]. Together with the local fire service, the Carabiniers form Monaco's total public forces. In addition to their guard duties, the company patrols the Principality's beaches and coastal waters, as well as duties around the Palace in [[Monaco-Ville]]. ==Flag== The flag of Monaco reflects the [[heraldic]] colours of the [[House of Grimaldi|Grimaldi family]]. It is one of the world's oldest national flag designs. The flag of Monaco is identical to [[Flag of Indonesia|that of]] [[Indonesia]] (except for the ratio of height to width).<ref>[http://www.worldflags101.com/m/monaco-flag.aspx Monaco Flag - World Flags 101 - Monacan Flags<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==Transport== {{main article|Transport in Monaco}} Several train systems serve Monaco. The closest airport is [[Cote d'Azur Airport]] in [[Nice]], [[France]]. Some airlines marketed Monaco via Nice Airport.<ref name="TransAtNineteenNinetyThree">"[http://www.airchive.com/Timetables%20and%20Maps/TWA%20Compressed/TWmap9308.jpg Route Map]" in 1993, ''[[Trans World Airlines]]''</ref> {{wide image|Monaco_City_001.jpg|900px|A wide view of [[La Condamine]], Monaco }} == See also == {{columns |width=300px |col1 = *[[Rail transport in Monaco|Railway line and station]] *[[Communications in Monaco]] *[[Foreign relations of Monaco]] *[[International University of Monaco]] *[[Military of Monaco]] *[[Music of Monaco]] *[[Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra]] |col2 = *[[AS Monaco FC]], local [[football (soccer)|football]] team. ** [[Stade Louis II]], the team's home stadium. *[[Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo]] <!--Advertising?: *[[EVER Monaco]] Ecologic vehicles * renewable energies--> *[[Oceanographic Museum]] *[[List of rulers of Monaco]] *[[Association des Guides et Scouts de Monaco]] *[[Prince's Palace of Monaco]] }} ==References== {{reflist|2}} == External links == {{sisterlinks|Monaco}} *[http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/HomeGb Official Government Portal] *[http://www.palais.mc/ Official website of the Prince's Palace of Monaco] *[http://www.visitmonaco.com/ Official website for Tourism] *[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.html CIA Factbook Entry for Monaco] *[http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Monaco:_Primary_Documents History of Monaco: Primary documents] *{{fr icon}} [http://www.ordremedecins.mc/ Order of the doctors of Monaco] *{{fr icon}} [http://glomed.free.fr/laprincipaute.html La Principauté - The first monthly newspaper of Monaco, available also on line in 3D version] *{{fr icon}} {{PDFlink|[http://www.gouv.mc/devwww/wwwnew.nsf/e89a6190e96cbd1fc1256f7f005dbe6e/55b14b71717d9c54c1256f85005821bf/$FILE/Commerce%20d%C3%A9tail%202005.pdf Official Statistical Report 2006 (with detailed information about the 10 wards)]|1.24&nbsp;[[Mebibyte|MiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 1301619 bytes -->}} * {{wikitravel}} *[https://www.royal-riviera.com/ Official website of the Hotel Royal Riviera] {{Template group |title = Geographic locale |list = {{Countries of Europe}} {{European capitals}} {{Administrative divisions of Monaco}} {{Countries and territories bordering the Mediterranean Sea}} }} {{Template group |title = International organizations |list = {{Council of Europe members}} {{Latinunion}} }} {{Template group |title = Other information |list = {{Monarchies|state=collapsed}} }} [[Category:Monaco| ]] [[Category:1228 establishments]] [[Category:French-speaking countries]] [[Category:Italian-speaking countries]] [[Category:Member states of La Francophonie]] {{Link FA|af}} [[af:Monaco]] [[als:Monaco]] [[am:ሞናኮ]] [[ar:موناكو]] [[an:Mónegue]] [[arc:ܡܘܢܟܘ]] [[frp:Monacô]] [[ast:Mónaco]] [[az:Monako]] [[zh-min-nan:Monaco]] [[be:Горад Манака]] [[be-x-old:Манака]] [[bar:Monaco]] [[bs:Monako]] [[br:Monako]] [[bg:Монако]] [[ca:Mònaco]] [[cv:Монако]] [[ceb:Monaco]] [[cs:Monako]] [[cy:Monaco]] [[da:Monaco]] [[de:Monaco]] [[dv:މޮނާކޯ]] [[dsb:Monaco]] [[et:Monaco]] [[el:Μονακό]] [[es:Mónaco]] [[eo:Monako]] [[eu:Monako]] [[fa:موناکو]] [[fo:Monako]] [[fr:Monaco]] [[fy:Monako]] [[ga:Monacó]] [[gv:Monaco]] [[gd:Monaco]] [[gl:Mónaco - Monaco]] [[hak:Mô-na̍p-kô]] [[ko:모나코]] [[haw:Monako]] [[hy:Մոնակո]] [[hi:मोनैको]] [[hsb:Monaco]] [[hr:Monako]] [[io:Monako]] [[ilo:Monaco]] [[bpy:মোনাকো]] [[id:Monako]] [[ia:Monaco (principato)]] [[ie:Mónaco]] [[os:Монако]] [[is:Mónakó]] [[it:Principato di Monaco]] [[he:מונאקו]] [[jv:Monako]] [[pam:Monaco]] [[ka:მონაკო]] [[ks:मोनाको]] [[kk:Монако]] [[kw:Monako]] [[sw:Monako]] [[ht:Monako (kapital)]] [[ku:Monako]] [[lad:Monako]] [[la:Monoecus]] [[lv:Monako]] [[lb:Monaco]] [[lt:Monakas]] [[lij:Prinçipòu de Monego]] [[li:Monaco]] [[ln:Monaco]] [[hu:Monaco]] [[mk:Монако]] [[mr:मोनॅको]] [[ms:Monaco]] [[nah:Mōnahco]] [[na:Monaco]] [[nl:Monaco]] [[nds-nl:Monaco]] [[ne:मोनाको]] [[ja:モナコ]] [[ce:Монако]] [[no:Monaco]] [[nn:Monaco]] [[nov:Monako]] [[oc:Mónegue]] [[uz:Monako]] [[ps:موناکو]] [[pms:Prinsipà ëd Mònaco]] [[nds:Monaco]] [[pl:Monako]] [[pt:Mónaco]] [[crh:Monako]] [[ksh:Monakko]] [[ro:Monaco]] [[qu:Munaku]] [[ru:Монако]] [[se:Monaco]] [[sa:मोनाको]] [[sq:Monako]] [[simple:Monaco]] [[sk:Monako]] [[sl:Monako]] [[szl:Můnako]] [[sr:Монако]] [[sh:Monako]] [[fi:Monaco]] [[sv:Monaco]] [[tl:Monaco]] [[ta:மொனாக்கோ]] [[th:ประเทศโมนาโก]] [[vi:Monaco]] [[tg:Монако]] [[tr:Monako]] [[udm:Монако]] [[uk:Монако]] [[ur:مناکو]] [[vec:Prinzsipato de Mònaco]] [[vo:Monakän]] [[fiu-vro:Monaco]] [[war:Monaco]] [[wo:Monaako]] [[zh-yue:摩納哥]] [[diq:Monako]] [[bat-smg:Monaks]] [[zh:摩纳哥]]