Monarchy of New Zealand
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{{dablink|This article is about the monarchy of New Zealand; for information on the monarchies of the other countries in [[personal union]] with New Zealand, see [[Commonwealth realm]].}}
{{Infobox monarchy
| font_color = black
| royal_title = Queen
| realm = New Zealand
| coatofarms = Coat of arms of New Zealand.png
| coatofarms_article = Coat of arms of New Zealand
| image = Elizabeth II greets NASA GSFC employees, May 8, 2007 edit.jpg
| incumbent = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]]
| his/her = Her
| heir_apparent = [[Charles, Prince of Wales]]
| first_monarch = [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]]
| date = [[25 November]] [[1947]]
}}
{{Politics of New Zealand}}
'''[[New Zealand]]''' is a '''[[constitutional monarchy]]''' and a [[Commonwealth Realm]], with [[Elizabeth II of New Zealand|Queen Elizabeth II]] as its reigning monarch, since [[February 6]], [[1952]]. As such she is the [[de jure]] [[head of state]], though she does hold several powers that are hers alone, while the [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor-General]] is sometimes referred to as the [[de facto head of state]].
In New Zealand, the Queen's official title is: '''''Elizabeth the Second, [[By the Grace of God]], Queen of New Zealand and Her other Realms and Territories, [[Head of the Commonwealth]], [[Fidei defensor|Defender of the Faith]]'''''.
The [[Realm of New Zealand]] comprises [[New Zealand]], [[Tokelau]] and the [[Ross Dependency]], and the [[Self-governance|self-governing]] states of the [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]].
The [[heir apparent]] is Elizabeth II's eldest son, [[Charles, Prince of Wales]].
==Constitutional monarchy of New Zealand==
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===International versus domestic role===
New Zealand is a shared monarchy, one of the 53 independent sovereign states that are members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (formerly the "British Commonwealth"), an association of former [[British Empire|British colonies]]. Sixteen of these countries are [[Commonwealth realm]]s that recognize the same sovereign, separately, as their [[head of state]].
Queen Elizabeth II is the current monarch's conventional title for all her Commonwealth Realms, but is generally regarded as "Queen of New Zealand" only when she is actually present in New Zealand or when she otherwise performs duties relevant to New Zealand, on the advice of her New Zealand ministers. Some examples are conferring [[Orders, decorations, and medals of New Zealand|New Zealand royal honours]] while in the [[United Kingdom]].
Most of the sovereign of New Zealand's domestic duties are performed by the [[Governor-General of New Zealand]].
There are few duties which must be performed specifically by the sovereign; one example is signing the [[Letters patent]] appointing the Governor-General). However, on occasion the monarch must personally act directly in [[Partisan (political)|partisan affairs]] (this is yet to happen in New Zealand).
In addition to the sovereign's role in each realm, the last two monarchs have been the [[Head of the Commonwealth]]. While this title does not automatically belong to the monarch, [[George VI]] and [[Elizabeth II]] are the only people who have ever held the title. The title Head of the Commonwealth does not imply any [[political power]] over member nations.
====Development of shared monarchy====
Although Elizabeth II is also the queen of the United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries, each nation–including New Zealand–is sovereign and independent of the others.
The [[Balfour Declaration of 1926]] provided the [[dominion]]s the right to be considered equal to Britain, rather than subordinate; an agreement that had the result of, in theory, a shared Crown that operates independently in each Realm rather than a unitary British Crown under which all the dominions were secondary. The monarchy thus ceased to legally be an exclusively British institution.
On all matters of the New Zealand State, the Monarch is advised solely by New Zealand [[Minister (government)|minister]]s. No British or other Realm government can advise the Monarch on any matters pertinent to New Zealand.
{{see|Executive Council of New Zealand}}
In addition to the Monarch's role in each Realm, the New Zealand Monarch is also the nominal [[Head of the Commonwealth]]. Though this title does not imply any political power over member nations, and does not automatically belong to the monarch, only the shared monarch of the Commonwealth Realms has ever held this [[Title of authority|title]].
====Finance====
Contrary to common misconception, New Zealanders do not pay any money to the Queen, either for [[personal income]] or to support the Royal residences outside of New Zealand. Only when the Queen is in New Zealand, or acting abroad as Queen of New Zealand, does any New Zealand government support her in the performance of her duties. This rule applies equally to other members of the Royal Family.
Usually the New Zealand governments pay only for the costs associated with the [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor-General]] in their exercising of the powers of the Crown on behalf of the Queen, including travel, security, residences, offices, ceremonial occasions, etc.
===Constitutional role===
[[Constitution of New Zealand|New Zealand's constitution]] is made up of a variety of statutes and conventions that are either British or New Zealand origin. Part one of the [[New Zealand Constitution Act 1986|Constitution Act 1986]] describes ''"The Sovereign"'', as the reigning Monarch who is New Zealand's Head of state. Section 2(1) of the Act declares ''"The Sovereign in right of New Zealand"'' as Head of state, section 5(1) describes the Sovereign's successor as being ''"...determined in accordance with the enactment of the Parliament of England intituled The [[Act of Settlement 1701|Act of Settlement]]"''. This means that whoever is Head of State of the [[United Kingdom]] under the Act of Settlement 1701 shall be Head of state of New Zealand.
This legislation lays out the rules that the Monarch cannot be a [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], nor married to one, and must be in [[Anglican Communion|communion with the Church of England]] upon ascending the throne.
As New Zealand's rules of succession are identical to those of the United Kingdom (by the [[Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947|Statute of Westminster]]) see [[Succession to the British Throne]] for more information.
All powers of State are constitutionally reposed in the Monarch, who is represented by the [[Governor General of New Zealand]].
The Governor-General is appointed by the Monarch upon the advice of the [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]].
====Duties====
Most of the Queen's domestic duties are performed by the Governors-General.
As in the UK, the Monarch's role, and thereby the vice-regal's role, is almost entirely symbolic and cultural, acting as a symbol of the [[Rational-legal authority|legal authority]] under which all governments operate, and the powers that are constitutionally hers are exercised wholly upon the advice of the elected government. The monarch "reigns" but does not "rule".
There are also few duties which must be performed specifically by the [[Queen regnant|Queen]] (e.g. signing the appointment papers of Governors General), or require assent specifically by the Queen.
It is also possible that if the Governor General decided to go against the Prime Minister's or the government's advice, the Prime Minister could appeal directly to the Monarch, or even recommend that the Monarch dismiss the Governor General.
The Queen has formally opened [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]] from the old [[New Zealand Legislative Council|Legislative Council Chamber]] on five occasions, in January 1954, February 1963, March 1970, February 1986 and February 1990. On each occasion the [[Royal Standard#New Zealand|Royal Standard]] was flown from the central [[Flag|flag pole]] while the Queen was in [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings#Parliament House|Parliament House]].<ref>New Zealand Official Year Book 1990</ref>
====Royal Assent====
[[Royal Assent]] and proclamation are required for all [[Act of Parliament|acts of Parliament]]; usually granted by the Governor General.
{{see|Royal Prerogative}}
====Representation of the State====
At one time the Monarchy was considered a purely British institution, when most New Zealanders still continued to be both legally, and by personal view, British subjects. However, paralleling the changes in [[constitutional law]], and the evolution of New Zealand [[nationalism]], the cultural role of the Monarchy in New Zealand altered.
====Title====
One of the first [[World War II|post-war]] examples of New Zealand's status as an independent monarchy was the alteration of the Monarch's title, by the [[Royal Titles Act 1953]].
For the first time, the official New Zealand title mentioned New Zealand separately from the United Kingdom and the other Realms, to highlight the Monarch's role specifically as Queen of New Zealand, as well as the shared aspect of the Crown throughout the Realms: The ''Royal Titles Act 1953'' first introduced a New Zealand royal title for use by the sovereign in right of New Zealand, in this case ''"Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith"''. With the passage of the [[Royal Titles Act 1974]] by the [[Third Labour Government of New Zealand|third Labour Government]] Queen Elizabeth II's royal title in New Zealand has been ''“Elizabeth the Second, By the Grace of God, Queen ''of'' New Zealand and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.”''
Although the Queen's New Zealand titles include ''"[[Defender of the Faith]] ''," neither the Queen, nor the Governor-General has any religious role in New Zealand; there have been no [[established church]]es in New Zealand. This is one of the key differences from the Queen's role in the United Kingdom where she is [[Supreme Governor of the Church of England]].
{{see|List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth II}}
====Symbols====
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References to the monarchy are commonplace in public life in New Zealand. Her portrait is often found in [[Government Buildings|government buildings]], [[military installation]]s, and schools. There are references to [[St Edward's Crown]], on the [[Coat of Arms of New Zealand|New Zealand's Royal Coat of Arms]], on various medals, and awards.
These latter cases reflect the monarch's place as the ceremonial head of the [[New Zealand honours system]]. As such, only she can approve the creation of an [[honour]], which she does as requested by the government of New Zealand. Although, the Governor General administers most responsibilities relating to New Zealand honours on the Queen's behalf.
The use of the term 'Royal', as in the [[Royal New Zealand Navy]] and [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]], and oaths taken by politicians, judges, members of the armed forces and new citizens are to the Queen. The Queen's portrait appears on some [[postage stamp]]s, the obverse (front) of [[New Zealand dollar|New Zealand coins]], and all banknotes feature the portrait of the Queen as the watermark. However, only the $20 banknote bears her image as the main feature.
In New Zealand, unlike in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Queen's Birthday|Queen's Official Birthday]] is a [[Holiday|public holiday]] and is celebrated in the first Monday in June.
[[God Save the Queen]] remains one of the [[National Anthems]], along with [[God Defend New Zealand]].
====Royal presence====
[[Image:Royal Standard of New Zealand.svg|thumb|left|150px|Queen Elizabeth II's personal flag for New Zealand.]]
Though all of the Royal Family currently lives abroad, members are still regular visitors to New Zealand.
These events are often marked with a variety of ceremonies, the granting of honours and general celebrations, even though these events are not always official holidays.
The Queen regularly undertakes tours of New Zealand to celebrate [[Culture of New Zealand|New Zealand culture]], milestone anniversaries, military remembrances, etc. Other Royals will perform the same tasks in the Queen's place, from time to time, usually on a less grand scale or for events of a lesser importance. These tours are at the invitation of, organized, and paid for by the [[Government of New Zealand|New Zealand government]], hence, they are called "official tours" or "official visits."
Since [[1869]], there have been over fifty visits by a member of the Royal Family to New Zealand, though only five of those came before [[1953]].
* The first was a visit by [[Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|Prince Alfred]] in [[1869]].
* [[George V of the United Kingdom|Prince George]], and his wife, [[Mary of Teck|Mary]] in [[1901]]
* [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|Prince Edward]] in [[1920]].
* [[George VI of the United Kingdom|Prince Albert]], and wife [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Elizabeth]], in 1927. and
* [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]] in [[1934]]-[[1935]]
[[Elizabeth II of New Zealand|Queen Elizabeth II]] was the first reigning monarch of New Zealand to set foot on New Zealand soil, during her [[1953]]-[[1954|54]] Royal Visit, when she also delivered her [[Christmas]] Day message from [[Wellington, New Zealand|Wellington]].<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5160.asp?GalleryID=10&ImageID=127&Start=0 Buckingham Palace: Queen of New Zealand]</ref>
[[Image:Queen Elizabeth II of New Zealand stamps 2001.jpg|thumb|250px|Stamp Issue in [[2001]]: Royal Visit [[1953]] - 40c, Royal Visit [[1970]] - 80c, Royal Visit [[1977]] - 90c, Royal Visit [[1986]], Royal Visit [[1990]] and the Official Portrait for New Zealand - $2.00]]
Other visits of Queen Elizabeth II:
* 6-18 February, [[1963]]: During this tour the Queen attended celebrations at [[Waitangi]] and the [[Queen Elizabeth II Arts Council]] was established as New Zealand's gift to the Queen.
* 12-30 March, [[1970]]: The Queen participated in the [[James Cook]] bicentenary celebrations and introduced [[Prince Charles]] and [[Princess Anne]] to New Zealand. This tour marked the first 'walk-about' in a Royal visit.
* [[30 January]] - [[8 February]], [[1974]]: The Queen attended, and indeed closed the [[1974 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] in [[Christchurch]] and participated in [[Waitangi Day|New Zealand Day]] events at Waitangi.
* [[22 February]] - [[7 March]], [[1977]]: This was a Commonwealth tour designed to mark the [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Queen's Silver Jubilee]].
* 12-20 October, [[1981]]: A short visit which followed a [[Commonwealth Heads of Government]] meeting in [[Melbourne]].
* [[22 February]] - [[2 March]], [[1986]]: A routine visit which coincided with the centennial of the [[New Zealand Police]].
* 1-16 February, 1990: The Queen closed the [[1990 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] in [[Auckland]] and took part in the events marking the sesquicentennial of the [[Treaty of Waitangi]].
* 1-10 November, [[1995]]: The Queen attended the [[Commonwealth Heads of Government]] meeting in [[Auckland]] and the opening and refurbished of Parliament Buildings ([[2 November]] [[1995]]).
* 22-27 February [[2002]]: The Queen visits New Zealand as part of the commemoration of her [[Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II|50th Jubilee]].<ref>[http://www.dia.govt.nz/royalvisit2002/visits/index.html Her Majesty The Queen - Royal Visits<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Prince William National War Memorial.jpg|thumb|During a visit to the [[National War Memorial (New Zealand)|National War Memorial]] in Wellington, [[Prince William]] places a poppy on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.]] -->
Further, other members of the Royal Family tour New Zealand either on official state duties, or at the request of charitable organizations, military regiments, and the like. For example, [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Anne]] visited in [[1990]] to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the [[Gallipoli]] landings on [[Anzac Day]], and [[Prince William of Wales|Prince William]] visited in [[2005]], representing the Queen of New Zealand at [[VE Day|VE]] and [[VJ Day]] commemorations.<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page5160.asp?GalleryID=10&ImageID=124&Start=0 Buckingham Palace: Queen of New Zealand]</ref> The [[Edward, Earl of Wessex|Earl of Wessex]], who also visited in [[1990]], with the Queen, to open the [[Commonwealth Games]], spent two terms as a house tutor and junior master at the [[Wanganui Collegiate School|Collegiate School]], in [[Wanganui]], in [[1982]].<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4916.asp New Zealand Royal Visits]</ref>
[[Prince William of Wales|Prince William]] began his first official visit to New Zealand on [[June 30]], [[2005]], staying in the country for an 11 day tour. While there he laid a wreath at the [[National War Memorial (New Zealand)|National War Memorial]] to mark the end of the second World War, and met with war veterans. William also attended an [[All Blacks]] practice, lunched with them, and watched a match against the [[British and Irish Lions]], where the Prince was reported to have supported the Lions.<ref name="william_controv">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10334901|title=Paul Thomas: Wills shows true colours|author=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> He was supposed to visit a [[Primary education|primary school]] in [[Arrowtown]] but his flight was unable to land due to fog so instead he returned to Christchurch and visited Christchurch Boys High School, and later represented his grandmother at a wreath laying ceremony in [[Auckland]].<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-07-03-william-nzealand_x.htm?csp=34 USA Today: ''Prince William charms crowds in New Zealand''; July 3, 2005]</ref>
On [[November 11]], 2006, the Queen dedicated the New Zealand war memorial in [[London]]'s [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], accompanied by the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]], the [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Prince of Wales]], the [[Camilla, The Duchess of Cornwall|Duchess of Cornwall]], Prince William, the [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York|Duke of York]], and the [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Royal]], as well as the Prime Minister of New Zealand, [[Helen Clark]], and the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], [[Tony Blair]]. The Queen reviewed a Royal [[Honor guard|Guard of Honour]], formed by the largest contingent of New Zealand forces seen in the UK since Her Majesty's Coronation in 1953.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6139656.stm BBC News: ''Queen honours New Zealand's dead''; November 11, 2006]</ref>
====Legal role====
In New Zealand the [[Juristic person|legal personality]] of the [[state]] is sometimes referred to as "Her Majesty the Queen in Right of New Zealand", although the term "the Crown" more often associated with the government acting as a legal entity.
Similarly the [[Oath of Allegiance (New Zealand)|oath of allegiance]] to New Zealand, sworn by new [[citizenship|citizens]], the [[New Zealand Defence Force]], [[New Zealand Police]] officers, and [[Parliament of New Zealand|parliamentarians]], is an oath of allegiance to the monarch as sovereign of New Zealand, and to his/her heirs and successors according to law.
The Oath taker places their allegiance to the continuing State, its laws, etc., as embodied by the Monarch. As the legal personality of the State, the Monarch has obligations to the Oath taker. The Monarch's acceptance of her responsibilities to her subjects is symbolised by the [[Coronation]] Oath.
In addition the Monarch also serves as a symbol of the legitimacy of Courts of Justice, and of their judicial authority. An image of the Queen or the [[Coat of Arms of New Zealand]] is always displayed in New Zealand courtrooms.
==The Crown and the Māori==
Many New Zealanders consider the [[Treaty of Waitangi]] to be the "[[Magna Carta]]" of New Zealand, and as the [[Constitution|founding document]] of the nation. The treaty, signed between over five hundred Māori chiefs and the then [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|British Crown]], is often viewed today as an agreement directly between the [[indigenous peoples]] and the New Zealand government. Māori constitutional lawyer [[Moana Jackson]] has stated that, because the New Zealand government (identified as "[[Kawanatanga]]" in the Treaty text) is the body politic enforcing the Treaty and making settlements, "Kawanatanga" is the actual party to the Treaty, not the Crown,<ref>''Republicanism in New Zealand'', Dunmore Press, 1996: page 119</ref> despite the fact that the Crown alone holds the [[Executive (government)|executive authority]] of government.<ref>[http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/cabinet/manual/letters_patent_constituting.html Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor-General of New Zealand]</ref>
In the [[Māori language]], the Queen is sometimes referred to as 'Te kōtuku-rerenga-tahi', meaning "the [[Great Egret|white heron]] of a single flight"; in Māori proverb, the rare white heron is a significant bird seen only once in a lifetime.<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4678.asp Queen and Commonwealth]</ref> In 1953, for her [[Coronation]], she was given a kiwi feather [[Korowai]] (cloak).<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4915.asp New Zealand Symbols and Ceremonies]</ref> The Queen wears this cloak, and also speaks partly in Māori, when attending a [[pōwhiri]] or Māori welcoming ceremony.<ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4916.asp New Zealand Royal Visits]</ref>
===Māori petitions to the Crown===
Following the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, a number of petitions were made by Māori directly to the Crown in London. The first such petition occurred in 1882 by northern Chiefs, but was referred back to the New Zealand Government. In 1894, a second petition was made by [[Tawhiao|King Tawhiao]] of the [[Kingitanga]] (Māori King Movement) to Queen Victoria. Māori felt they had a [[special relationship]] with their Treaty partner, Queen Victoria, in person, but in this case they met instead with [[Earl of Derby|Lord Derby]] at the Colonial Office who referred the petition back to the New Zealand Government, on the grounds that the Imperial Government no longer had responsibility for such matters. The New Zealand Government dismissed it.
All subsequent petitions taken to the United Kingdom were referred back to the New Zealand Government on the grounds that the Imperial Government no longer had the responsibility for such matters;<ref>[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/2150 NZHistory.net.nz]</ref> after the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, which divided the Crown and ended the right of [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|the United Kingdom Parliament]] to legislate for New Zealand without the latter's consent, this concept became law. In 1977, a group of Wanganui Māori unsuccessfully petitioned the Queen over their claims for the [[Whanganui River]].<ref>[http://www.bennion.co.nz/mlr/1999/jun.html Māori Law Review, June 1999.]</ref> In 1981, an attempt by the [[Mana Motuhake]] Party to directly petition the Queen to "honour the Treaty" was refused by the New Zealand Government. In response, Māori activist [[Dun Mihaka]] offered a traditional rebuke by baring his buttocks at the Queen.
==The Crown and the New Zealand Defence Force==
{{Rquote|right|Allegiance [by Defence Force personnel is to] the Sovereign, [however] loyalty [is] to the Government of the day…The Defence Force and the disposition of those Forces are at the decision… of Her Majesty's Ministers for the time being.| State Services Commission|December 2001<ref name="SCC">{{cite web |url=http://www.ssc.govt.nz/defence-force-report-dec-02 |title=Review of the Performance of the Defence Force in Relation to Expected Standards of Behaviour, and in Particular the Leaking and Inappropriate Use of Information by Defence Force Personnel |accessdate=2006-07-21 |publisher=State Services Commission}}</ref>}}
[[The Crown]] retains a prominent place within the [[New Zealand Defence Force]], which consists of the [[New Zealand Army]], [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]], and [[Royal New Zealand Navy]]. Section 5 of the Defence Act 1990 says: "The Governor-General may from time to time, in the name and on behalf of the Sovereign, continue to raise and maintain armed forces, either in New Zealand or elsewhere..."
The Sovereign is head of the armed services. The Governor-General is styled [[Commander-in-Chief]] in and over New Zealand, although no specific duties attach to the latter office that does not belong to the office as representative of the Queen. The Sovereign's position and role in the military is reflected by New Zealand [[Current Royal New Zealand Navy ships|naval vessels]] bearing the prefix [[HMNZS|Her Majesty's New Zealand Ship]] (HMNZS) (consequently His Majesty's New Zealand Ship during the reign of a king), and all members of the armed forces must swear allegiance to the Queen and her heirs and successors. This means total and unconditional loyalty to the New Zealand Government and the Crown. {{Rquote|right|It is conceivable, although extremely unlikely, that a situation could arise in which the Defence Force was unable to identify or to communicate with the lawful Government of the day. In a major crisis of this kind, the loyalty of the Defence Force to the Queen, through her representative the Governor-General, would provide important certainty and continuity for the Defence Force and the people of New Zealand.|Ministry of Justice|May 2006<ref name="MoJ">{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.govt.nz/pubs/reports/2004/oaths-review/index.html |title=Review of Oaths and Affirmations |accessdate=2006-07-21 |publisher=Ministry of Justice}}</ref>}} This reaffirmation of loyalty to the Sovereign, as Head of State, also ensures that the loyalty of servicemen and women as serving members of the Armed Services, regardless of their personal political beliefs, is not given to any one political party, but to the country in the form of the Head of State.
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[[Salute|Saluting]] by [[soldiers]] is recognition of the Queen's Commission, being indirectly a salute to the Sovereign through the [[Officer (armed forces)|individual]] holding Her Majesty the Queen's authority. By returning the salute; it is not only acknowledgment of a salute to the officer personally, but recognition of the fact that through an officer, members have given an outward sign of their loyalty to Her Majesty the Queen, New Zealand and the New Zealand Defence Force.
Members of the Royal Family have presided over many military ceremonies, including Trooping of the Colours, inspections of the troops, and anniversaries of key battles. Whenever Her Majesty is in [[Wellington]] she lays a wreath at the [[National War Memorial (New Zealand)|New Zealand War Memorial]].
Members of the Royal Family have personal experience of life in the [[British Armed Forces]].
As Princess Elizabeth, The Queen joined the [[Auxiliary Territorial Service]] in 1945, becoming the first female member of the Royal Family to be a [[Full time|full-time]] [[Active Member|active member]] of the Armed Services.{{Rquote|right|No-one seems too sure about whether it is possible to be a republican and a serving soldier, but at the very least it must involve an ability to hold two quite contradictory sets of views.|BBC|June 2002}}The [[Duke of Edinburgh]] and The [[Prince of Wales]] have served in the [[Royal Navy]]. The Prince of Wales also trained in the [[Royal Air Force]] as a pilot. [[Prince William]] and [[Prince Harry]] have both undergone Army officer training at [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Sandhurst]].
The [[Duke of York]] served for over twenty years as an officer in the Royal Navy before leaving the Service in 2001. He is the most recent member of the Royal Family to see active service.
Members of the Royal Family are [[Colonel-in-Chief]]; of many New Zealand regiments including: [[Corps of Royal New Zealand Engineers]]; [[Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment]]; [[Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment]]; [[Royal New Zealand Corps of Signals]] amongst many others. For a more comprehensive list see: [[List of New Zealand organisations with royal patronage#Royal Family Members with Honorary Military Appointments|List of New Zealand organisations with royal patronage:Honorary Military Appointments]]
The Queen's husband [His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh] is an Admiral of the Fleet in right of the Royal New Zealand Navy, Marshal of the Royal New Zealand Air Force, and Field Marshal of the New Zealand Army. He holds these positions as distinct from similar positions held in the United Kingdom and Australia. The offices are not honorary, but neither are they within the normal command structure of the NZDF.
==New Zealand Royal Family==
{{see|British Royal Family}}
The New Zealand [[Royal family|Royal Family]] is a group of people closely related to the New Zealand Monarch; it is a non-resident royal family, those who comprise the group live in the [[United Kingdom]]. They carry the [[Style (manner of address)|style]] [[Majesty|His or Her Majesty (HM)]], [[His Royal Highness|His or Her Royal Highness (HRH)]], or sometimes [[The Right Honourable]].
Members of the Royal Family in the direct line of succession owe allegiance to the Sovereign in right of New Zealand. As such, they are New Zealand subjects, although not strictly New Zealand citizens, and thus do not have an automatic [[right of abode]] in New Zealand.
The current New Zealand Royal Family are members of the [[House of Windsor]]. Though the [[The Crown#Other Commonwealth Realms|New Zealand Crown]] is recognised as legally separate from the [[The Crown#United Kingdom|UK Crown]], the two countries (along with the sixteen other [[Commonwealth Realm]]s) are in a [[personal union]] relationship, meaning they share the same Monarchy. Thus all the members of the New Zealand Royal Family also comprise the [[British Royal Family]].
===Awards===
Aside from awards which are personal gifts of the Sovereign, members of the Royal Family are commonly awarded [[New Zealand honours system|New Zealand honours]] on a substantive, though sometimes additional (e.g. above the statutory limit) basis (e.g., Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother was an additional, not honorary, member of the Order of New Zealand, and various members of the Royal Family are substantive companions of the Queen's Service Order), reflecting the fact that, in theory, all the Queen's subjects, not just New Zealand citizens, are eligible for New Zealand honours:
==History==
Monarchy in New Zealand dates back to the first half of the [[19th century|nineteenth century]].
After [[Captain Cook]]'s exploration of New Zealand in the late [[18th century|eighteenth century]], an increasing number of European settlers came to New Zealand. In [[1833]], with growing lawlessness amongst traders and settlers, the [[British government]] appointed [[James Busby]] as [[British Resident]] to protect British trading interests.
Despite Busby's presence, trouble increased. In [[1840]], the British Government sent [[Captain William Hobson]] to New Zealand as [[Lieutenant Governor]], to acquire the [[sovereignty]] of New Zealand, by way of a treaty with the native [[Māori]] chiefs.
The [[Treaty of Waitangi]] was signed on [[6 February]] [[1840]], at [[Waitangi]] in the [[Bay of Islands]]. Over five hundred Māori chiefs signed the treaty as it was taken around the country during the next eight months.
Following the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, the islands of New Zealand became a [[British colony]].
In [[1907]], New Zealand achieved the status of [[Dominion]], which meant it was a country of the [[British Empire]] and later the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], with autonomy in domestic and foreign affairs. The term fell into disuse after the [[Second World War]].
In [[1917]], letters patent of [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]] set out the powers, duties and responsibilities of the Governor-General (as the Sovereign's representative) and the Executive Council.
In [[1926]], the [[Balfour Declaration of 1926|Balfour Declaration]] at the Imperial Conference in London confirmed the status of New Zealand, along with that of [[Australia]], the [[Irish Free State]], [[Canada]], [[South Africa]] and [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], as self-governing Dominions under the [[British Crown]].
The [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster in 1931]], an act of the British Parliament, gave legal form to this declaration. It gave New Zealand and other Dominions the authority to make their own laws. New Zealand ratified the Statute in [[1947]], after the passing of the [[Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947]]
The Royal Titles Act [[1953]] first introduced a New Zealand royal title for use by the Queen, and the Royal Titles Act [[1974]] altering the style borne by the Queen in New Zealand.
{{Rquote|right|I look forward to continuing to serve to the best of my ability in the years to come. It fills me with great pride to stand before you here today to express my lasting respect and deep affection for this country and for New Zealanders everywhere.|Her Majesty The Queen|25th February 2002}}
A [[Queen's Personal New Zealand Flag|personal flag]] for use by the Queen in New Zealand was adopted in 1962. It features the shield design of the [[Coat of arms of New Zealand|New Zealand coat of arms]] in the form of an oblong or square. Superimposed in the centre is a dark blue roundel bearing an initial E surmounted by a Royal crown within a gold chaplet of roses.
More recently, the [[New Zealand Constitution Act 1986|Constitution Act 1986]] has become the principal formal statement of New Zealand's constitution. This Act recognises that the Queen, the Sovereign in right of New Zealand, is the Head of State of New Zealand and that the Governor-General appointed by her is her representative. Each can, in general, exercise all the powers of the other. However the appointment of the governor-general is only done by the Queen, on the advice of the Prime Minister.
===Monarchs of New Zealand===
''For the main article see [[List of New Zealand monarchs]].''
A list of monarchs of [[New Zealand]]:
{| class="wikitable"
! Hanover/Saxe-Coburg-Gotha/Windsor line
|-
| [[Image:Queen Victoria 1887.jpg|left|30px]] [[Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom]] [[1840]]<ref>Queen Victoria's reign in the United Kingdom started in 1837; however New Zealand did not become a British colony until 1840.</ref>-[[1901]]: Signed [[Treaty of Waitangi]] (1840).
|-
| [[Image:Edward vii england.jpg|left|30px]] [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] 1901-[[1910|10]]: Signed proclamation of [[Dominion of New Zealand]] (1907).
|-
| [[Image:GeorgeVUnitedKingdom.jpg|left|30px]] [[George V of the United Kingdom]] 1910-[[1936|36]]: Signed [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] (1931, not adopted in New Zealand until 1947).
|-
| [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom]] 1936.
|-
| <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:George VI.jpg|left|30px]] -->[[George VI of the United Kingdom]] 1936-[[1952|52]] and [[Dominion of New Zealand]] [[1947]]-52.
|-
|<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Queen Elizabeth II of New Zealand cropped.jpg|left|30px]] --> [[Elizabeth II of New Zealand]] 1952-present: First to be titled separately as Queen of New Zealand.
|}
==Debate==
{{main|Republicanism in New Zealand}}
Unlike in [[Australia]], where [[Australian republicanism|republican]] sentiment has been stronger, there is little agitation for ending the role of the monarchy in New Zealand. There was some reduction in support for the monarchy during the 1990s.
None of the major [[Political parties in New Zealand|political parties]] currently in [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]] have a stated policy of creating a republic, although some [[Member of Parliament|Members of Parliament]] have publicly expressed their opposition to New Zealand remaining a monarchy. The current [[Prime Minister of New Zealand]], [[Helen Clark]], opined that New Zealand will become a republic eventually.
New Zealand has two special-interest groups representing both sides of the debate, who argue the issue in the media from time to time: The [[Monarchist League of New Zealand]] and [[Republican Movement of Aotearoa New Zealand]].
The New Zealand public are generally in favour of the retention of the monarchy, with recent polls showing it to have between 50 and 60% support.<ref name="republicpoll">A ''[[Sunday Star-Times]]'' poll, published 20 January, 2006, revealed 47% support for a republic, and 47% support for a monarchy.</ref> Polls indicate that while many New Zealanders see the Monarchy as being of little day-to-day relevance. A One News Colmar Brunton poll in 2002 found that 58% of the population believed the monarchy has little or no relevance to their lives<ref name="bbc_poll">{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1837083.stm|date=23 February 2002|title=NZ premier denies royal snub|publisher=BBC news|accessdate=2008-06-16}}</ref>.
However, the institution still enjoys the support of many New Zealanders, particularly older ones (those born before the [[World War II|Second World War]]). With the popularity of the current Monarch, and the position of the [[Treaty of Waitangi]] under a republic remaining a concern to many [[Māori]] and other New Zealanders alike, as well as the question of what constitutional form a republic might take unresolved, support for becoming a republic is still the view of only around a third to 40% of the population.<ref name="republicpoll2">A ''[[TV3 (New Zealand)|TV3]]'' poll, published 5 February 2007, revealed 39% support for a republic, and 53% support for a monarchy.</ref> On 21 April 2008 the Republican Movement released a poll of New Zealanders showing 43% support the monarchy should Prince Charles become King, and 41% support a republic under the same scenario.<ref name="rm_poll_2008">{{cite web|url=http://www.tv3.co.nz/OpiniondividedonNZbecomingrepublic/tabid/209/articleID/53205/cat/41/Default.aspx|title=Opinion divided on NZ becoming republic|publisher=TV3|date=21 April 2008|accessdate=2008-04-21}}</ref>
==New Zealand organisations with Royal Patronage==
{{seealso|List of New Zealand organisations with royal patronage}}
To receive Royal Patronage, an organisation must prove to be long lasting, and to be of the highest standard in their field. These organisations such as the [[Royal New Zealand Returned and Services’ Association]], have received patronage from various monarchs and their families.
==See also==
===Other realms===
* [[Commonwealth realm#Current Commonwealth realms|Current Commonwealth realms]]
===New Zealand===
* [[Governor-General of New Zealand]]
* [[Māori King Movement]]
* [[New Zealand honours system]]
* [[Monarchy of the Cook Islands]]
===Other===
* [[Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II]]
* [[List of Commonwealth visits made by Queen Elizabeth II]]
* [[Dominion]]
==Footnotes==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page4913.asp Buckingham Palace] website, main page of section deovted to the Queen's constitutional role, symbols, visits and photos in New Zealand
* [http://www.geocities.com/noelcox/Monarchy_in_Evolution.htm Evolution of the New Zealand Monarchy] by Noel Cox published in ''Monarchy'' magazine.
* [http://www.geocities.com/cox_nz/ The Monarchist League of New Zealand]
* [http://www.republic.org.nz/ The Republican Movement of Aotearoa New Zealand]
* [http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/node/893 Royal visit to NZ in 1953-54]
{{Commonwealth Realms}}
{{Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|New Zealand, Monarchy in}}
{{New Zealand topics}}
<!--Categories-->
[[Category:Monarchy in New Zealand| ]]
[[Category:Constitution of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Government of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Commonwealth realms|New Zealand, monarchy in]]
[[Category:Royal families]]
[[Category:Current monarchies|New Zealand]]
<!--Other languages-->
[[el:Βασίλισσα της Νέας Ζηλανδίας]]
[[fr:Monarchie en Nouvelle-Zélande]]
[[pl:Monarcha Nowej Zelandii]]
[[ru:Новозеландская монархия]]