Moncton
19857
225847076
2008-07-15T17:56:31Z
208.96.123.75
/* Media */
{{otheruses}}
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = City of Moncton
|other_name = Ville de Moncton
|nickname = Hub City
|motto = Resurgo<br />({{Lang-lat|I rise again}})
|image_skyline = Moncton Skyline at night.png
|image_caption = Skyline of Moncton
|image_shield = Moncton coat of arms.png
|shield_link = Coat of arms of Moncton
|image_blank_emblem = Moncton logo.png
|image_map = Moncton Location6.png
|mapsize = 224px
|map_caption = The location of Moncton within [[New Brunswick]]
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flagicon|Canada}}[[Canada]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Canada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|New Brunswick}}[[New Brunswick]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of New Brunswick|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Westmorland County, New Brunswick|Westmorland]]
|government_type = [[Council-manager government|Council-Manager]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_title1 = Governing Body
|leader_title2 = [[Canadian House of Commons|MP]]
|leader_title3 = [[Legislative Assembly|MLAs]]
|leader_name = [[George LeBlanc]]
|leader_name1 = Moncton City Council
|leader_name2 = [[Brian Murphy (politician)|Brian Murphy]]
|leader_name3 = [[John Betts]]<br />[[Chris Collins (politician)|Chris Collins]]<br />[[Joan MacAlpine-Stiles]]<br />[[Mike Murphy (New Brunswick politician)|Mike Murphy]]
|established_title = First [[settled]]
|established_date = 1733
|established_title2 = Founded
|established_date2 = 1766
|established_title3 = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date3 = 1855, 1875
|area_magnitude =
|elevation_min_m = 0
|elevation_max_m = 70
|area_footnotes =
<ref name="area_and_pop_city_proper">{{cite web|url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=302&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&CMA=0&PR=13|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population| accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref><ref name="area_and_pop_urban_area">{{cite web| url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=801&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&PR=0&CMA=0| title=Population and dwelling counts, for urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data | date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population| accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref><ref name="area_and_pop_metro_area">{{cite web| url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=201&S=3&O=D&RPP=150| title=Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Statistics Canada]], 2006 Census of Population| accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref>
|area_total_km2 = 141.17
|area_total_sq_mi = 54.51
|area_land_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 = 146
|area_urban_sq_mi = 56
|area_metro_km2 = 2,406
|area_metro_sq_mi = 929
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_footnotes =
<ref name="area_and_pop_city_proper" /><ref name="area_and_pop_urban_area" /><ref name="area_and_pop_metro_area" /><ref name=statcan2006CMA>{{cite web |url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=305__&Geo2=PR&Code2=13&Data=Count&SearchText=Moncton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |title= 2006 Community Profiles|publisher = [[Statistics Canada]]|year = 2006|accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref>
|population_total = 64,128 rank ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|79th]])
|population_density_km2 = 454.3
|population_density_sq_mi = 1,113.4
|population_metro = 126,424 rank ([[List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada|29th]])
|population_density_metro_km2 = 52.5
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban = 97,065 rank ([[List of the 100 largest urban areas in Canada by population|30th]])
|population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
|population_blank1 = Monctonian
|timezone = [[Atlantic Standard Time Zone|AST]]
|utc_offset = -4
|timezone_DST = ADT
|utc_offset_DST = -3
|latd = 46
|latm = 06
|lats = 57
|latNS = N
|longd = 64
|longm = 48
|longs = 11
|longEW = W
|elevation_footnotes =
<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web | url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=50727&refer= | title = Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada |accessdate = 2007-06-26| publisher = Weatherbase}}</ref>
|blank_name = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map
|blank_info = 021I02
|blank1_name = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code
|blank1_info = DADHJ
|postal_code_type = [[Canadian Postal code]]
|postal_code = [[List of E Postal Codes of Canada|E1A-E1G]]
|area_code = [[Area code 506|506]]
|website = [http://www.moncton.ca/ www.moncton.ca]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Moncton''' ({{pron-en|ˈmʌŋktən}}) is a [[Canada|Canadian]] city located in [[Westmorland County, New Brunswick|Westmorland County]], [[New Brunswick]]. Moncton is the most populous [[Census geographic units of Canada|census metropolitan area]] (CMA) in New Brunswick with a population of 126,424.<ref name=statcan2006CMA /> It is the second largest CMA in the [[Maritime Provinces]], after [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]] and the third largest in the [[Atlantic Provinces]] following Halifax and [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]].<ref>{{cite web|author = Statistics Canada|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=201&S=3&O=D&RPP=150|title=Population and dwelling counts, for census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data| date=[[2007-03-13]]|| accessdate=2008-02-17}}</ref>
The Moncton CMA is one of the top ten fastest growing [[List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada|metropolitan areas in Canada]] and is also the fastest growing urban region east of [[Toronto]]. The CMA includes the neighbouring city of [[Dieppe, New Brunswick|Dieppe]] and the town of [[Riverview, New Brunswick|Riverview]], as well as adjacent areas of Westmorland and [[Albert County, New Brunswick|Albert]] counties.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Toolbar_Hierarchy1.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=305__&Geo2=PR&Code2=13&Data=Count&SearchText=Moncton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=| title= Geographical hierarchy|work=2006 Community Profiles|publisher = [[Statistics Canada]]|date=[[2007-03-13]]|accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref>
The city is situated in southeastern New Brunswick, in the [[Petitcodiac River]] valley at the geographic centre of the Maritime Provinces. The community has the nickname "Hub City" because of its central location and also because Moncton has historically been the railway and land transportation hub for the Maritime Provinces.<ref name="Moncton Article">{{cite web|author = Medjuck, Sheva|url= http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005379|title=Moncton| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]| accessdate=2007-07-04}}</ref>
Moncton was founded in 1766 and was initially an agricultural settlement and was first incorporated in 1855. Moncton was named after Lt. Col. [[Robert Monckton]]. By the mid-1800s, a wooden shipbuilding industry flourished until the shipbuilding economy collapsed in the 1860s. The city lost its charter in 1862 before regaining it in 1875 when the city's economy rebounded, mainly due to a growing railway industry. In 1871 the [[Intercolonial Railway of Canada]] chose Moncton to be their headquarters, and it remained a railroad town for well over a century until the closure of the [[Canadian National Railway]] (CNR) locomotive shops.
Although the economy of Moncton was traumatized twice; by the collapse of the shipbuilding industry in the 1860s and by the closure of the CNR locomotive shops in the 1980s, it was able to rebound strongly on both occasions. The city adopted the motto ''Resurgo'' after its rebirth as a railway town. At present, the city's economy is stable and diversified, primarily based on its transportation, distribution, retailing and commercial heritage, but is also supplemented by strength in the educational, health care, financial, information technology and insurance sectors. The strength of the economy has received national recognition and the local unemployment rate is consistently less than the national average.
==History==
:''For more information see [[History of Moncton]]''
The earliest known inhabitants of the Petitcodiac river valley were the [[Mi'kmaq]]. Moncton is situated at the southern end of a traditional [[portage]] route connecting the Petitcodiac River and Shediac Bay on the nearby Northumberland Strait.
[[Image:Acadian expulsion 745.gif|thumb|left|The "[[Great Upheaval]]" resulted in the expulsion of the [[Acadian]] population from Le Coude.]]
French [[Acadians]] first settled the head of the [[Bay of Fundy]] in the 1670s.<ref name = "Acadians">{{cite book |first=Amy |last=Boudreau |title=The Story of the Acadians|publisher=Pelican Publishing Company |year=1970 |isbn=0911116303}}</ref> The first reference to the "Petcoucoyer River" was on the De Meulles map of 1686.<ref name="Acadians" /> Settlement of the [[Petitcodiac River|Petitcodiac]] and [[Memramcook]] river valleys began about 1700, gradually extending inland and reaching the site of present day Moncton in 1733. The first Acadian settlers in the Moncton area established a marshland farming community and chose to name their settlement Le Coude (The Elbow)<ref name="Moncton Article" />
In 1755, nearby [[Fort Beausejour]] was captured by English forces under the command of Lt. Col. [[Robert Monckton]],<ref>{{cite web | title = Parks Canada - Fort Beauséjour – Fort Cumberland National Historic Site of Canada - Natural Wonders & Cultural Treasures - Cultural Heritage| url = http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/nb/beausejour/natcul/index_E.asp| publisher = [[Parks Canada]]|accessdate = 2007-07-09}}</ref> and the Petitcodiac river valley fell under English occupation.<ref name = "The First Hundred">{{cite book |first=Edward |last=Larracey |title=The First Hundred: A Story of the First 100 Years of Moncton's Existence|publisher=Moncton Publishing Company|year=1970 |asin=B0000EEUF0}}</ref> Later that year, Governor [[Charles Lawrence]] issued a decree ordering the expulsion of the Acadian population from Le Coude, which came to be known as the "[[Great Upheaval]]".<ref name="History of Acadia">{{cite web|url= http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0011510|title=Acadia, History of| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Canadian Encyclopedia]]| accessdate=2007-07-19}}</ref> In 1766 [[Pennsylvania Deutsch]] settlers arrived to re-establish the pre-existing farming community at Le Coude,<ref name="The First Hundred" /> and named their settlement "The Bend".<ref name="Moncton Article" />
The principle economy of the community remained agriculturally based until the early 1800s, when the [[Royal Navy]] helped to stimulate a lumbering and shipbuilding industry. As shipbuilding gained in importance, The Bend developed a service-based economy and gradually began to acquire all the amenities of a growing town.<ref name="The First Hundred" /> The prosperity engendered by the wooden shipbuilding industry allowed The Bend to incorporate as the town of Moncton in 1855. The town was named after Lt. Col. Robert Monckton,<ref name="Moncton Article" /> however a clerical error at the time the town was incorporated resulted in the mis-spelling of the community's name. Two years later in 1857 the [[European and North American Railway]] opened its line from Moncton to nearby [[Shediac]]; this was followed by a line from Moncton to [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]] opening in 1859.<ref name = "Canadian Biography">{{cite book |first=George W. |last=Brown |title=Dictionary of Canadian Biography|page=727|publisher=University of Toronto
Press|year=1966 |isbn=0802031420}}</ref> At about the same time as the arrival of the railway, the popularity of steam-powered ships forced an end to the era of wooden shipbuilding. The industrial collapse that developed from this caused Moncton to surrender its civic charter in 1862.<ref name="Moncton Article" />
[[Image:Moncton ICR station.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Intercolonial Railway of Canada|Intercolonial Railway]] depot in Moncton was central to the city's economic recovery in the late 19th century.]]
Moncton's economic depression did not last long and a second era of prosperity came to the area in 1871 when Moncton was selected to be the headquarters of the [[Intercolonial Railway of Canada]] (ICR).<ref>{{cite web | title = History of railroad shops in Moncton
| url = http://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/research-recherche/result/heritage-patrimoniales/hm08_e.shtml| publisher=Infrastructure Canada | accessdate = 2007-07-09}}</ref> The arrival of the ICR in Moncton was a seminal event for the community. For the next 120 years, the history of the city would be firmly linked with that of the railway. In 1875,<ref name="Moncton Article" /> Moncton was able to reincorporate as a town and adopted the motto "Resurgo" ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''I rise again''). One year later, the ICR line to Quebec was opened. The railway boom that emanated from this and the associated employment growth allowed Moncton to achieve city status on [[23 April]] [[1890]].<ref name = "Resurgo, The History of Moncton">{{cite book |first=Edward |last=Larracey |title=Resurgo, The History of Moncton From 1890-1990|publisher=City of Moncton|year=1991 |isbn=0969463421}}</ref>
Moncton grew rapidly during the early 20th century, particularly after provincial lobbying helped the city become the eastern terminus of the massive [[National Transcontinental Railway]] project in 1912.<ref name="National Transcontinental Railway">{{cite web|url= http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005635|title=National Transcontinental Railway| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]| accessdate=2007-07-19}}</ref> In 1918, the ICR and NTR were merged by the federal government into the newly formed [[Canadian National Railways]] (CNR) system.<ref name="National Transcontinental Railway" /> The ICR shops would become CNR's major locomotive repair facility for the Maritimes and Moncton became the headquarters for CNR's Maritime division.<ref name="Resurgo, The History of Moncton" /> The [[Eatons|T. Eaton Company's]] catalogue warehouse moved to the city in the early 1920s, employing over five hundred people.<ref name="Eaton's History">{{cite web|url= http://www.civilization.ca/cpm/catalog/cat2403e.html|title= Company Histories: Eaton's| work=[[Virtual Museum of Canada]]|accessdate=2007-07-19}}</ref> During the [[Second World War]] the Canadian Army built a large military supply base (CFB Moncton) in the city. Railway employment in Moncton peaked at nearly six thousand workers in the 1950s before starting a long slow decline.<ref name="Resurgo, The History of Moncton" />
[[Image:CN MonctonYard and FreightShed.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Canadian National Railway|CNR]] repair shops were the largest employer in Moncton until their closure in the late 1980s.]]
Moncton was placed on the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] network in the early 1960s after [[New Brunswick Route 2|Route 2]] was built along the northern perimeter of the city. Subsequent development saw [[New Brunswick Route 15|Route 15]] built between the city and Shediac.<ref name="Resurgo, The History of Moncton" /> At the same time, the Petitcodiac River Causeway was constructed.<ref name="Moncton Article" /> The [[Université de Moncton]] was founded in 1963.<ref>{{cite web | title = Musée acadien de l'Université de Moncton - Canada -| url = http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/maum_c_txt01_en.html |publisher = virtualmuseum.ca| accessdate = 2007-07-09}}</ref> This institution became an important resource in the future development of Acadian culture in the area.<ref>{{cite web | title = University of Moncton| url = http://agora.virtualmuseum.ca/Agora/ViewLoitLo.do?method=preview&lang=EN&id=229 |date=[[2006-03-13]]| work=Government of [[New Brunswick]]| accessdate=2008-02-16}} </ref>
The late 1970s and the 1980s again saw a period of economic hardship hit the city as several major employers closed or restructured.<ref name="Resurgo, The History of Moncton" /> The [[Eatons]] catalogue division, CNR's locomotive shops facility and CFB Moncton were all closed during this time <ref name="Moncton Article4">{{cite web|url= http://www.bartleby.com/65/mo/Moncton.html|title=Moncton| date=[[2001-03-13]]| work=[[The Columbia Encyclopedia]], Sixth Edition| accessdate=2007-07-19}}</ref> throwing thousands of citizens out of work.<ref name="Moncton Garisson">{{cite web|url= http://web.archive.org/web/20040317005939/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/cfb_gagetown/branch/monctn_e.asp|title =CFB Gagetown Support Detachment Moncton| date=[[2006-09-12]]| work=[[DND]]| accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref> The citizens were so despondent by the late 1980s that the city's promotional slogan became simply ''Moncton - We're OK''.<ref>{{cite web | title = EGM: 2004-2005 Annual Report| url = http://www.greatermoncton.org/uploadedfiles/AnnualReport(3).pdf|format=PDF| publisher = Enterprise Greater Moncton| accessdate = 2007-07-19}} </ref>
Diversification in the early 1990s saw the rise of [[information technology]], led by [[call centre]]s which made use of the city's bilingual workforce.<ref>{{Citation |last =Wickens |first =Barbara |publication-date =[[1997-10-27]] |title =When cheaper is better |magazine=[[Maclean's]] |issue=43 |volume =110 |pages =10}}.</ref> By the late 1990s, retail, manufacturing and service expansion began to occur in all sectors and within a decade of the closure of the CNR locomotive shops, Moncton had more than made up for its employment losses. This dramatic turnaround in the fortunes of the city has been termed the "Moncton Miracle".<ref>{{cite web | title = Turner and Drake newsletter: Spring 1994| url = http://www.turnerdrake.com/newsresearch/newsletters.asp| publisher = Turner Drake & Partners Ltd |accessdate = 2007-07-19}} </ref>
The growth of the community has continued unabated since the 1990s and has been accelerating. The confidence of the city has been bolstered by its ability to host major events such as the [[Francophonie#Summits|Francophonie Summit]] in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.francophonie.org/doc/doc-historique/chronologie-oif.pdf | title= Organization internationale de la Francophonie: Choronologie |publisher =[[Francophonie]]|accessdate=2007-07-15 |format= PDF| pages= pp.2| language= French}}</ref> Recent positive developments include the [[Atlantic Baptist University]] relocating to a new campus in 1996 and achieving full university status, the Greater Moncton Airport opening a new terminal building and becoming a designated international airport in 2002,<ref name="AirportHistory">{{cite web | title = GMIA Home | publisher = [[Greater Moncton International Airport|GMIA]]|url = http://www.gmia.ca/english/corp/history.asp| accessdate = 2007-07-15}}</ref> and the opening of the new [[Gunningsville Bridge]] to Riverview in 2005.<ref>{{cite web | title = Gunningsville Bridge opens to traffic (05/11/19) | url = http://www.gnb.ca/cnb/news/tran/2005e1581tr.htm| publisher = Communications New Brunswick|date= [[2005-11-19]]|accessdate = 2007-07-15}}</ref> In 2002, Moncton became Canada's first officially bilingual city.<ref name="Bilingual">{{cite web | title = Moncton votes to become Canada's first bilingual city| url = http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2002/08/07/moncton_biling020807.html | publisher = [[CBC News]]|date = [[2002-08-07]]|accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref> In the 2006 census Moncton officially became a [[Census Metropolitan Area]] and the largest metropolitan area in the province of New Brunswick.<ref name="statcan2006CMA" />
==Geography==
[[Image:Moncton aerial 3847.jpg|thumb|right|An aerial photo of Metro Moncton showing "the Bend" in the Petitcodiac River which inspired early names for the city.]]
The Petitcodiac river valley at Moncton is broad and relatively flat, bounded by a long ridge to the north (Lutes Mountain) and by the rugged Caledonia Highlands to the south. Moncton lies at the original head of navigation on the river, however a [[Petitcodiac River Causeway|causeway]] to Riverview (constructed in 1968) resulted in extensive [[sedimentation]] of the river channel downstream and rendered the Moncton area of the waterway unnavigable.<ref name="Moncton Article" />
Moncton lies in southeastern [[New Brunswick]], at the geographic centre of the [[Maritime Provinces]] and is located along the north bank of the Petitcodiac River at a point where the river bends in direction from a west–east to north–south. Petitcodiac in the [[Mi'kmaq language]] has been translated as meaning "bends like a bow". The early Acadian settlers in the region named their community Le Coude which means "the elbow".<ref name="Moncton Article" /> Subsequent English immigrants changed the name of the settlement to The Bend of the Petitcodiac.<ref name="Moncton Article" />
===Tidal bore===
The Petitcodiac River exhibits one of North America's few [[tidal bore]]s, a regularly occurring wave that travels up the river on the leading edge of the incoming tide. The bore is a result of the extreme tides of the [[Bay of Fundy]]. Originally, the bore was very impressive, sometimes between one and two metres (3.2–6.4 ft) in height and extending across the kilometre (.62 mi) width of the Petitcodiac River in the Moncton area. This wave would occur twice a day at the incoming of the high tide, travelling at an average speed of 13 km/h (8 mph) and could produce quite an audible roar.<ref name="The Tidal Bore">{{cite web|url= http://www.legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/2000/11/the-tidal-bore/|title=Legion Magazine : The Tidal Bore| year=2000| work=Legion Magazine| accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref> When the causeway was built the water flow was greatly reduced and the bore now rarely exceeds 15–20 cm in height.<ref name="The Tidal Bore">{{cite web|url= http://www.legionmagazine.com/en/index.php/2000/11/the-tidal-bore/|title=Info on the Tidal bore in Moncton| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=Legion Magazine| accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref>
===Climate===
{{main|Climate of Moncton}}
{{climate chart|Moncton
|-13|-3|109
|-12|-2|81
|-7|2|103
|-1|8|90
|4|16|99
|9|21|94
|13|25|100
|12|24|76
|8|19|92
|2|12|100
|-2|6|97
|-9|0|106
|float=right
|clear=both
|source=[http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?Province=ALL&StationName=moncton&SearchType=BeginsWith&LocateBy=Province&Proximity=25&ProximityFrom=City&StationNumber=&IDType=MSC&CityName=&ParkName=&LatitudeDegrees=&LatitudeMinutes=&LongitudeDegrees=&LongitudeMinutes=&NormalsClass=A&SelNormals=&StnId=6207& Environment Canada].<br>Data span 1971 to 2000.
}}
Despite being less than 50 km (31 mi) from the [[Bay of Fundy]] and less than 30 km (19 mi) from the [[Northumberland Strait]], the climate can seem more continental than maritime during the summer and winter seasons, whereas maritime influences tend to temper the transitional seasons of spring and autumn.<ref name="weather_of_moncton">{{cite web|url= http://atlantic-web1.ns.ec.gc.ca/climatecentre/default.asp?lang=En&n=7A6129C7-1|title=Moncton Climate data| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Environment Canada]], Climate of New Brunswick Report| accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref>
Winter days are cold but generally sunny with solar radiation generating some warmth. Daytime high temperatures usually range just below the freezing point. Major snowfalls can result from [[Nor'easter|nor'easter ocean storms]] moving up the east coast of North America.<ref name="Nor'easters">{{cite web|url= http://www3.cet.edu/weather2/h17.html|title=Nor'easters| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Wheeling Jesuit University]]| accessdate=2007-07-18}}</ref> Major snowfalls typically average 20–30 cm (8–12 in) and are frequently mixed with rain or freezing rain.
Spring is frequently delayed because the [[sea ice]] that forms in the nearby [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]] during the previous winter requires time to melt, and this cools the prevailing onshore winds. The ice burden in the gulf has diminished considerably over the course of the last decade (which may be a consequence of [[global warming]]),<ref name="Global Warming">{{cite web|url= http://www.ifaw.org/ifaw/general/default.aspx?oid=209471|title=Global warming disaster as thousands of harp seal pups perish: Experts call for annual seal hunt to be cancelled| date=[[2007-05-27]]| work=[[International Fund for Animal Welfare]]| accessdate=2007-07-23}}</ref> and the springtime cooling effect has weakened as a result. Daytime temperatures above freezing are typical by mid-March. Trees are usually in full leaf by the end of May.<ref name="Climate Normals">{{cite web|url= http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?Province=ALL&StationName=moncton&SearchType=BeginsWith&LocateBy=Province&Proximity=25&ProximityFrom=City&StationNumber=&IDType=MSC&CityName=&ParkName=&LatitudeDegrees=&LatitudeMinutes=&LongitudeDegrees=&LongitudeMinutes=&NormalsClass=A&SelNormals=&StnId=6206&|title=Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000: Moncton| date=[[2004-02-25]]| work=[[Environment Canada]]| accessdate=2007-07-23}}</ref> Summers are hot and humid due to seasonal prevailing westerly winds strengthening the continental tendencies of the local climate.<ref name="weather_of_moncton" /> Daytime highs sometimes reach highs of over 30 °C (86 °F). Rainfall is generally modest, especially in late July and August and periods of drought are not uncommon.<ref name="Climate Normals" /> Autumn daytime temperatures remain mild until mid-October.<ref name="weather_of_moncton" /> First snowfalls usually do not occur until mid-November and consistent snow cover on the ground does not happen until mid to late December. The Fundy coast of New Brunswick occasionally experiences the effects of post-tropical storms.<ref name="Climate Normals" /> The stormiest weather of the year, with the greatest precipitation and the strongest winds, usually occur during the fall/winter transition (mid-December to mid-January).<ref name="Climate Normals" />
===Nearby natural features===
There are many natural attractions near Moncton. Two major national parks ([[Fundy National Park]] and [[Kouchibouguac National Park]]) are within a one-hour drive of the city. The warmest salt water beaches north of [[Virginia]] can be found on the [[Northumberland Strait]], only 15 minutes away at [[Parlee Beach]] in the nearby town of [[Shediac]]. New Brunswick's signature natural attraction, the [[Hopewell Rocks]], are only a half hour's drive down the Petitcodiac river valley. The [[Confederation Bridge]] to [[Prince Edward Island]] is only an hour's drive east of the city. [[Cape Enrage]], located near Alma, includes an historic lighthouse, fossil cliffs, scenic vistas, and adventure tourism. The Sackville Waterfowl Park includes nature trails and a boardwalk over freshwater marsh as well as waterfowl viewing platforms. Other nearby attractions include The Cape Jourimain National Wildlife Preserve and La Dune de Bouctouche Eco-Centre, an ecotourism site and beach.
==Cityscape==
[[Image:Monctonskyline 857.png|thumb|800px|center|A panoramic view of Moncton's skyline looking northeast from Riverview.]]
===Architecture===
{{see also|List of tallest buildings in Moncton}}
[[Image:Alianttower5.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Aliant Tower]] is the tallest structure in the Moncton area.]]
Moncton generally remains a "low rise" city. The city's skyline, however, encompasses many buildings and structures with differing styles from many periods. The most defining structures in the city is the [[Aliant Tower]], a 127-metre (417 ft) microwave communications tower which was built in 1971. When it was constructed it was the tallest tower of its kind in North America.<ref name="Aliant Tower">{{cite web|url= http://www.historicplaces.ca/visit-visite/com-ful_e.aspx?id=5386|title=Aliant Tower
| date=[[2007-04-20]]| work=Canada's Historic Places| accessdate=2007-07-25}}</ref> [[Assumption Place]], a 20-story office building is the headquarters of Assumption Mutual Life Insurance. This building is 80.8 metres (265 ft) in height and is tied with Brunswick Square, ([[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]]) as the tallest building in the province.<ref name="NB Diagrams">{{cite web|url= http://www.assumption.ca/English/press/details.cfm?id=105|title=Assumption Life and the Drop Zone Create Some Extreme Thrills
| date=[[2006-08-31]]| work=Assumption Life| accessdate=2008-05-04}}</ref> The [[Blue Cross Centre]] is a large nine-story building in downtown Moncton. Although only nine stories tall, it is architecturally distinctive, encompasses a full city block and is the largest office building in the city in terms of square footage.<ref name="Blue Cross">{{cite web|url= http://www.fortisproperties.com/en/home/realestate/ourproperties/blue_cross_centre.aspx|title=Blue Cross Centre| date=[[2006-04-20]]| work=[[Fortis]]| accessdate=2007-07-25}}</ref> It is the headquarters of [[Medavie Blue Cross]]. There are about a half dozen other buildings in Moncton that range between eight and twelve stories in height, including the Brunswick Crowne Plaza Hotel and the Terminal Plaza office complex.
===Urban parks===
The most popular park in the area is [[Centennial Park (Moncton)|Centennial Park]], which contains an artificial beach, lighted cross country skiing and hiking trails, the city's largest playground, and Rocky Stone Field, the city's only football field with artificial turf.<ref name="Centennial Park">{{cite web|url= http://www.moncton.ca/Page2162.aspx|title=Centennial Park
| date=[[2008-04-06]]| work=www.moncton.ca| accessdate=2008-05-08}}</ref>
The city's other main parks are [[Mapleton Park]], [[Irishtown Nature Park]] (one of the largest urban nature parks in Canada) and St. Anselme Park (located in [[Dieppe, New Brunswick|Dieppe]]). The numerous neighbourhood parks throughout the metro Moncton area include Bore View Park (which overlooks the Petitcodiac River) and the downtown Victoria Park, which features a [[bandshell]], flower gardens, fountain, and the city's [[cenotaph]].<ref name="Community Parks">{{cite web|url= http://www.moncton.ca/Page2196.aspx|title=Community Parks
| date=[[2008-04-06]]| work=www.moncton.ca| accessdate=2008-05-08}}</ref> There is an extensive system of hiking and biking trails in the metro area. The riverfront trail is part of the [[Trans Canada Trail]] system, and various monuments and pavilions can be found along it.<ref name = "Trails">{{cite book |first=Kate |last=Merlin |title=Trails of Greater Moncton|publisher=Goose Lane Editions |year=2003 |isbn=086492349X}}</ref>
==Demography==
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"
|+Moncton Population Statistics
!Type
!1991
!1996
!2001
!2006
!NB Rank
|-
|City || 56,823 || 59,313 || 61,046 || 64,128 || 2
|-
|Urban Area || ? || ? || 90,431 || 97,065 || 1
|-
|Metropolitan Area || 107,436 || 113,495 || 118,678 || 126,424 || 1
|-
|Economic Region || 172,079 || 179,117 || 182,820 || 191,860 || 1
|-
|}
Moncton's linguistic majority is English, however the city has an active French-speaking Acadian minority population (30%).<ref name ="2001 Community Profiles">{{cite web|title =2001 Community Profiles |url = http://www12.statcan.ca/english/profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=1307022&Geo2=PR&Code2=13&Data=Count&SearchText=Moncton&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= | publisher = [[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref> Significant numbers of Monctonians speak English (64.3%) or French (33.4%) as a first language; 1% speak both languages as a first language, and 1.2% speak another language as a first language.<ref name= "2001 Community Profiles" /> About 40% of the metropolitan population of Moncton is [[bilingual]]. The only other cities in Canada that approach this level of linguistic duality are [[Ottawa]], [[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury]] and [[Montreal]]. Moncton became the first officially bilingual city in the country in 2002.<ref name="Bilingual" /> The adjacent city of Dieppe is about 80% Francophone and has benefited from an ongoing rural depopulation of the Acadian Peninsula and areas in northern and eastern New Brunswick.<ref name= "2001 Community Profiles" /> The town of [[Riverview, New Brunswick|Riverview]] meanwhile is heavily (95%) Anglophone.<ref name = "2001 Community Profiles" />
Since the previous national census in 2001 the metropolitan area has grown by 6.5%.<ref name= "area_and_pop_metro_area" /> This rate of growth is within the top ten among major cities in [[Canada]] and Moncton has the fastest growth rate of any metro east of [[Toronto]].<ref name="area_and_pop_metro_area"/> The [[census metropolitan area]] had a population of 126,424 as of the 2006 national census,<ref name= "area_and_pop_metro_area" /> which makes it the largest metropolitan area in the province of New Brunswick and the second largest in the Maritime Provinces after [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]]. The CMA includes the smaller settlements of Dieppe (population 18,565), [[Riverview, New Brunswick|Riverview]] (17,832), [[Moncton, New Brunswick (parish)|Moncton]] (8,747), [[Memramcook]] (4,638), [[Coverdale, New Brunswick|Coverdale]] (4,144), and [[Salisbury, New Brunswick|Salisbury]] (2,036).
Historically, the population of the city has been racially homogenous with almost all residents originating from northwestern Europe. Although diversity has increased in the last decade, the visible minority population remains far below the national average. Migration is mostly from other areas of New Brunswick (especially the north) as well as Nova Scotia (13%) and Ontario (9%). Overall, 62% of new arrivals to the city are Anglophone and 38% are Francophone (Census 2001).<ref name="TowardsaVision"> {{cite web | title = The Greater Moncton Economy "Towards a Vision"| url = http://www.greatermoncton.org/uploadedfiles/Final%20Research%20Report(1).pdf |format=PDF| publisher = greatermoncton.org |accessdate = 2007-06-18}}</ref>
==Economy==
{{seealso|List of companies headquartered in Moncton}}
[[Image:4lassR.jpg|thumb|right|[[Assumption Place]] in Moncton is headquarters of Assumption Life Insurance.]]
The underpinnings of the local economy are based on Moncton's commercial, distribution, transportation and retailing heritage due to Moncton's central location in the Maritimes. Moncton has the largest catchment area in Atlantic Canada with 1.4 million people living within a three-hour drive of the city.<ref>
{{cite web | title = Downtown Moncton at a Glance| publisher= DMCI | url = http://downtownmoncton.nb.ca/dmci.php | accessdate = 2007-06-18}}</ref> The educational and health care sectors are also major factors in the local economy; the cities two hospitals alone employ over five thousand people.
Moncton has garnered national attention because of the strength of its economy. The local unemployment rate averages between 4-5%, which is below the national average.<ref>{{cite web |title = Labour Market Review September/October 2007| url = http://www1.servicecanada.gc.ca/en/nb/moncton/lmi/lmboctober07.shtml | publisher = [[Service Canada]]|year = 2007| month =October|accessdate = 2008-02-18}}</ref> In 2004 [[Canadian Business|Canadian Business Magazine]] named it the "The best city for business in Canada"<ref>{{cite web | author = Andy Holloway |title = The best cities for business in Canada| url = http://www.canadianbusiness.com/investing/article.jsp?content=20041122_63812_63812&page=1 | publisher = [[Canadian Business Magazine]]|year = 2004| month =November|accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref> and in 2007, FDi magazine named it the fifth most business friendly small-sized city in North America.<ref>{{cite web | title = Moncton ranked among most business-friendly cities, Times and Transcript [[May 9]], [[2007]]| url = http://www.colliersmn.com/prod/cclod.nsf/city/7B608AE3E969EF80852572D6005B3C2C | publisher = Colliers International|accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref>
A number of regionally prominent corporations have their head offices in Moncton including [[Atlantic Lottery Corporation]], [[Assumption Life]], [[Medavie Blue Cross]], [[Armour Transportation Systems]], [[Pizza Delight|Pizza Delight Corporation]], [[Major Drilling Group International]], and [[Co-op Atlantic]].
There are 37 call centres in the city employing over 5000 people. Some of the larger ones include [[Asurion]], [[BBM Canada]], [[Exxon Mobil]], [[Royal Bank of Canada]], [[United Parcel Service|UPS]], [[Fairmont Hotels]], [[Rogers Communications]] and [[Sitel]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Colliers International (Atlantic) Inc. - Moncton| url = http://www.colliersmn.com/prod/cclod.nsf/city/F35DDD35924AE29585256D9C0065E75C?OpenDocument | publisher = Colliers International|accessdate = 2007-06-18}}</ref> A growing high tech sector includes companies such as [[GTECH Corporation|Gtech]], Nanoptix,<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.nanoptix.ca | title = nanoptix | publisher = nanoptix| accessdate = 2008-02-18}}</ref> [[International Game Technology]], OAO Technology Solutions, TrustMe<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.trustmesecurity.com TrustMeSecurity.com | title= TrustMe | publisher = TrustMe Security |accessdate = 2008-02-19}}</ref> and BelTek Systems Design.<ref name="TowardsaVision" />
[[Image:Bluecrosscenter56.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Blue Cross Centre]] is headquarters for [[Medavie Blue Cross]].]]
Several arms of the [[J.D. Irving Limited|Irving]] corporate empire have their head offices and/or major operations in Greater Moncton. These include Midland Transport, Majesta/Royale Tissues, Irving Personal Care, Master Packaging and Cavendish Farms.<ref>{{cite web | title = Irving Group Moncton| url = http://www.irvingmoncton.com/ |publisher = [[J.D. Irving Limited]]| accessdate = 2007-06-18}}</ref>
There are three large industrial parks in the metropolitan area. The Irving operations are concentrated in the Dieppe Industrial Park. [[Maple Leaf Foods]] is a major employer in the city and is in the Moncton Industrial Park. [[Molson Coors Brewing Company|Molson/Coors]] opened a brewery in the Caledonia Industrial Park in 2007, their first new brewery in over fifty years.<ref>{{cite web | title = Molson to Build New $35 Million Brewery in New Brunswick| url = http://www.molson.com/newsroom/release.php?idx=1211089866&topic=35078-0&year=2004 |publisher = [[Molson]]| accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> All three industrial parks have large concentrations of warehousing and regional trucking facilities including the headquarters of the Armour Transportation Group.
A new four–lane [[Gunningsville Bridge]] was opened in 2005, connecting downtown Riverview directly with downtown Moncton. On the Moncton side, the bridge connects with an extension of Vaughan Harvey Boulevard as well as to Assumption Boulevard and will serve as a catalyst for economic growth in the downtown area.<ref name="Gunningsville Bridge">{{cite web|url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=302&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&CMA=0&PR=13|title=Gunningsville Bridge information| date=[[2005-11-19]]| work=[[Politics of New Brunswick|GNB]]| accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref> This is already evident as an expansion to the [[Blue Cross Centre]] was completed in 2006 and a new [[Marriott International|Marriott]] Residence Inn is now under construction nearby. A new regional courthouse will be built on Assumption Boulevard in 2008 and a Casino/Convention Center/Hotel complex has been proposed on a nearby lot. On the Riverview side, the Gunningsville Bridge now connects to a new ring road around the town and is expected to serve as a catalyst for development in east Riverview.<ref name="Gunningsville Bridge">{{cite web|url= http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=302&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&CMA=0&PR=13|title=Gunningsville Bridge information| date=[[2005-11-19]]| work=[[Politics of New Brunswick|GNB]]| accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref>
[[Image:moncton place.JPG|thumb|right|Several major banks have their regional offices in Moncton, including the [[Bank of Montreal]] seen here.]]
The retail sector in Moncton is increasingly becoming one of the most important aspects of the local economy. Major retail projects such as the [[Trinity Power Centre|Wheeler Park Power Centre]] on Trinity Drive have become major destinations for locals and for tourists alike.<ref>{{cite web | title = The operative word for Moncton during 2006 was "up"! Moncton for Business - Moncton en Affaires| url = http://www.mid.nb.ca/english/business/article_detail.cfm?id=98 |publisher = Moncton for Business|accessdate = 2007-06-18}}</ref><ref name="Living in Greater Moncton">{{cite web|url= http://web.archive.org/web/20070620041021/http://www.moncton.org/search/english/CITYLIVING/Living+in+Greater+Moncton.pdf|format=PDF| title=Living in Greater Moncton| date=[[2003-07-15]]| work=City of Moncton| accessdate=2007-06-26}}</ref> A new power center is under construction on Mapleton road, adjacent to Wheeler Park.
Tourism is an important industry in Moncton. Historically, the city's tourist industry owes its origins to the presence of two natural attractions, the tidal bore of the Petitcodiac River (see above) and the optical illusion of [[Magnetic Hill (Canada)|Magnetic Hill]]. A local tourist industry sprung up around the Petitcodiac's tidal bore before the construction of the Petitcodiac River Causeway in 1968. After the causeway dramatically decreased the size of the bore, however, it has lost its power as a tourist attraction.<ref name="The Tidal Bore"/> Today, [[Magnetic Hill (Canada)|Magnetic Hill]], on the city's northwest outskirts, is the city's most famous attraction. Moncton's central location and large catchment area has made the city a natural as a regional tourism and shopping mecca.<ref name="Living in Greater Moncton" /> The [[Eaton's]] warehouse and store was the original destination point for retail tourism but gradually, retail development on Main Street, and later the construction of the downtown Highfield Square shopping centre allowed for increasing choice for out of town consumers.
==Arts and culture==
Moncton's [[Capitol Theatre (Moncton)|Capitol Theatre]], an 800-seat restored 1920s-era [[vaudeville]] house on Main Street, is the main centre for cultural entertainment for the city.<ref name="Capitol History">{{cite web|url= http://www.capitol.nb.ca/e/theater.php|title=Capitol History| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=Capitol Theater|accessdate=2007-07-19}}</ref> The theatre hosts a performing arts series and is a venue for theatrical performances, the New Brunswick Symphony Orchestra and the [[Atlantic Ballet Theatre of Canada]].<ref name="Capitol History" /> The smaller Empress Theatre accommodates smaller performances and recitals.<ref name="Capitol History" />
{{Moncton Sister Cities}}
The Moncton-based Atlantic Ballet Theatre tours mainly in [[Atlantic Canada]] but also tours nationally and internationally on occasion.<ref>{{cite web | title = About the Atlantic Ballet Theater| url = http://www.atlanticballet.ca/en/about/| publisher = Atlantic Ballet Theater of Canada|accessdate = 2007-07-19}}</ref> [[Théâtre l’Escaouette]] is a Francophone live theatre company with its own auditorium and performance space. The Anglophone Live Bait Theatre is based in the nearby university town of [[Sackville, New Brunswick|Sackville]]. The [[Chocolate River Conservatory of Music]] is located in Dieppe. In addition, there are several private dance and music academies in the metropolitan area, including the Capitol Theatre's performing arts school. The [[Canadian Poetry Association]] national headquarters is located in Moncton.<ref name="Canadian Poetry Association">{{cite web|url= http://www.canadianpoetryassoc.com/contact_us.html| title = Canadian Poetry Association - Contact Us| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Canadian Poetry Association]] |accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref>
[[Image:Capitolmoncton.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The [[Capitol Theatre (Moncton)|Capitol Theatre]] features live shows such as ballets, theatre, and symphony orchestras.]]
The [[Aberdeen Cultural Centre]] is a major Acadian cultural cooperative containing multiple studios and galleries. Among other tenants, the Centre houses the Galerie Sans Nom, the principal private art gallery in the city.<ref>{{cite web | title = About The Aberdeen Cultural Centre (French)| url = http://www.centreculturelaberdeen.ca/aberdeen/index.cfm| publisher = Aberdeen Cultural Centre |accessdate = 2007-07-20}}</ref>
The city's two main museums are the [[Moncton Museum]] on Mountain Road and the Musée Acadien at Université de Moncton. The city has several recognized historical sites. The Free Meeting House was built in 1821 and is a New England-style meeting house adjacent to the Moncton Museum.<ref name="Moncton Museum">{{cite web|url= http://www.moncton.ca/Page2056.aspx| title = Moncton Museum |date=[[2008-04-13]]| work=Moncton Museum|accessdate=2008-05-08}}</ref> The Thomas Williams House, a former home of a city industrialist built in 1883, is now maintained in period style and serves as a [[genealogical]] research centre and as a home to several multicultural organizations.<ref name="Moncton Museum" /> The Treitz Haus is located on the riverfront adjacent to Bore View Park and has been dated to the early 1770s both by architectural style and by dendrochronology. It is the only surviving building from the [[Pennsylvania Dutch]] era and now serves as the city's principle tourist information centre.
Moncton is home to [[the Frye Festival]], an annual bilingual literary celebration held in honour of world renowned literary critic and favorite son [[Northrop Frye]]. This event attracts noted writers and poets from around the world and takes place in the month of April.<ref name="Frye Festival History">{{cite web|url= http://www.frye.ca/english/about-us/history.html| date=[[2006-03-13]]| title = Frye Festival History| work=Frye Festival|accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref>
The Atlantic Nationals Automotive Extravaganza, held each July, is the largest annual gathering of classic cars in Canada.<ref name="Car star revs up auto show">{{cite web|url= http://timestranscript.canadaeast.com/search/article/189659| title = Car star revs up auto show|date=[[2005-03-13]]| work=[[Times and Transcript]]|accessdate=2008-02-18}}</ref> Other notable events include The Atlantic Seafood Festival in August, [[HubCap Comedy Festival|The HubCap Comedy Festival]] in the spring, and The World Wine and Food Exposition in November.
==Sports==
===Facilities===
[[Image:Wildcatsmonctoncrane.png|thumb|upright|A construction crane in downtown Moncton shows support for the [[Moncton Wildcats]].]]
The [[Moncton Coliseum]] is a 6,554-seat arena (7,200 with standing room) which serves as a venue for major concerts and trade shows and is the home of the [[Moncton Wildcats]] of the [[Quebec Major Junior Hockey League]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Moncton Coliseum Complex - Moncton, New Brunswick. Canada| publisher = [[Moncton Coliseum]]|url = http://www.monctoncoliseum.com/english.htm | accessdate = 2007-07-16}}</ref> The [[CN Sportplex]] is a major recreational facility which has been built on the former CN Shops property. It includes ten ballfields, six soccer fields and an indoor rink complex with four ice surfaces (the [[Tim Hortons 4 Ice Centre]]). The [[Dundee Sports Dome]], an indoor air supported multi-use building is also located at the Sportsplex. This building is large enough to allow for year-round football, soccer and golf activities. A newly constructed YMCA near the CN Sportsplex has extensive cardio and weight training facilities as well as three indoor pools. The CEPS at Université de Moncton contains an indoor track and a 37.5 metre (123 ft) swimming pool with diving towers.<ref>{{cite web | title = CEPS - Français| url = http://www2.umoncton.ca/cfdocs/ceps/facilities.cfm | publisher = Universite de Moncton |accessdate = 2007-07-20}}</ref> The only [[velodrome]] in Atlantic Canada is in Dieppe.<ref>{{cite web | title = Facilities| url = http://www.atlanticcyclingcentre.com/EN/facilities.htm| publisher = Atlantic Cycling Centre | accessdate = 2008-01-30}}</ref> The metro area has a total of 12 indoor hockey rinks and three curling clubs. Other public sporting and recreational facilities are scattered throughout the metropolitan area.
Greater Moncton has many golfing facilities. There are nine 18-hole golf courses in the census metropolitan area, two of which are residential courses and two more of which are undergoing residential conversion with courseside housing developments under construction. Both the [[Royal Oaks Golf Club|Royal Oaks]] and [[Fox Creek Golf Club|Fox Creek]] golf clubs can be considered championship courses, with Royal Oaks being the first [[Rees Jones]] designed golf course in Canada.<ref>{{cite web | title = Royal Oaks Estates & Golf Club - Architect| url = http://royaloaks.nb.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24&Itemid=37 | publisher =Royal Oaks Estates & Golf Club |accessdate = 2007-07-09}}</ref> Other notable courses include the Moncton Golf & Country Club, Memramcook Valley Golf Club and Magnetic Hill Golf Club.
===Teams===
{| class= "wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|+
! Club || Sport || League || Venue || Established || Championships
|-
| [[Moncton Wildcats]] || [[Hockey]] || [[Quebec Major Junior Hockey League|QMJHL]] ([[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]]) || [[Moncton Coliseum]] || 1996 || 1 - [[President's Cup (QMJHL)]]<br /> [[2006 Memorial Cup]] finalists ([[Canadian Hockey League|CHL]])
|-
| [[Moncton Mets]] || [[Baseball]] || [[New Brunswick Senior Baseball League|NBSBL]] || [[Kiwanis Park]] || 1980s || 7 - [[New Brunswick Senior Baseball League|NBSBL]]
1 - Canadian Senior Champ.
|-
| [[Moncton Beavers]] || [[Hockey]] || [[Maritime Junior A Hockey League|MJAHL]] ([[Canadian Junior A Hockey League|CJAHL]]) || [[Tim Hortons 4 Ice Centre]] || 1983 || 1 - [[Maritime Junior A Hockey League|MJAHL]]
|-
| [[Moncton Aigles Bleu]] || [[Hockey]] (M/F) <br /> [[Soccer]] (M/F) <br /> [[Volleyball]] (F)<br /> [[Athletics (track and field)]] (M/F)<br /> [[Cross country running]] (M/F) || [[Atlantic University Sport|AUS]] ([[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]])|| Aréna Jean-Louis-Lévesque || 1964 || Men's Hockey - 11 ([[Atlantic University Sport|AUS]]), 4 ([[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]]) <br /> Women's Hockey - 1 ([[Atlantic University Sport|AUS]]) <br /> Women's Volleyball - 5 ([[Atlantic University Sport|AUS]]) <br /> Men's Athletics - 6 ([[Atlantic University Sport|AUS]])<br /> Women's Athletics - 2 ([[Atlantic University Sport|AUS]])
|-
|}
===Major events===
Moncton has hosted many large sporting events. Moncton hosted the [[2006 Memorial Cup]] with the hometown [[Moncton Wildcats]] losing in the championship final to their arch rivals the [[Quebec Remparts]].<ref>{{cite web | title = MasterCard Memorial Cup| url = http://www.chl.ca/CHLMemorialCup06/home.html| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070704140359/http://www.chl.ca/CHLMemorialCup06/home.html| archivedate=2007-07-04 | publisher = [[Canadian Hockey League]]|accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref> Moncton hosted the [[Canadian Interuniversity Sports]] (CIS) Men's University Hockey Championship in 2007 and 2008.<ref>{{cite web | title = 2007 CIS Men's Hockey Championships| url = http://www.cisport.ca/e/championships/m_hockey/2007/index.cfm | publisher = [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport]]|accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref> Moncton has been awarded the 2010 [[IAAF]] [[World Junior Championships in Athletics]]. This will be the largest sporting event ever held in Atlantic Canada. The federal and provincial governments have committed to help in the construction of a 10,000-seat outdoor track stadium to host this event. This stadium will be built on the [[Université de Moncton]] campus, and is tentitively named the [[New Moncton Stadium]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Moncton awarded 2010 IAAF World Junior Championships| url = http://web.archive.org/web/20070628074351/http://www.moncton.org/search/english/CITYHALL/inthenews/2006/m20060329.pdf | format = PDF |publisher = City of Moncton |accessdate = 2007-06-25}}</ref> Additional world class practice track facilities will be built on the campus of [[Mount Allison University]] and also at [[Moncton High School]]. Moncton has been host to many large sporting events including:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break|width="30%"}}
* 1968 Canadian Junior Baseball Championships
* 1974 [[Canadian Figure Skating Championships]]
* 1975 [[Intercontinental Cup (baseball)|Intercontinental Cup]] (baseball)
* 1977 [[Skate Canada International]]
* 1978 [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] [[University Cup]] (hockey)
* 1980 [[World Curling Championship|World Mens Curling Championships]]
* 1982 [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] [[University Cup]]
* 1983 [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] [[University Cup]]
* 1985 [[Canadian Figure Skating Championships]]
* 1985 [[Tim Hortons Brier|Labatt Brier]] (curling)
{{col-break|width="30%"}}
* 1992 [[Canadian Figure Skating Championships]]
* 1997 World Junior Baseball Championships
* 2000 [[Canadian Junior Curling Championships]]
* 2004 Canadian Senior Baseball Championships
* 2006 [[Memorial Cup]] (hockey)
* 2007 [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] [[University Cup]]
* 2008 [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport|CIS]] [[University Cup]]
* 2009 [[World Curling Championship|World Mens Curling Championship]]
* 2010 [[IAAF]] [[World Junior Championships in Athletics]]
{{col-break|width="30%"}}
{{col-end}}
==Entertainment and shopping==
[[Image:Magic mountain water park moncton.jpg|thumb|[[Magic Mountain Water Park]] is a popular tourist attraction during the summer months.]]
[[Magnetic Hill (Canada)|Magnetic Hill]] is on the northwestern outskirts of Moncton and is now the city's most famous attraction. It is a [[gravity hill]] optical illusion, where the local topography gives the impression that you are going uphill when in fact you are going downhill.<ref name= "Magnetic Hill">{{cite web | title = Magnetic Hill| url = http://www.tourismnewbrunswick.ca/Product.aspx?pid=9 | publisher = Tourism New-Brunswick|accessdate = 2008-02-18}}</ref>
The "Magnetic Hill Illusion" is a popular tourism draw and both the city and province have built major tourism developments on the surrounding properties to capitalize on this.<ref name= "Magnetic Hill"/> The complex includes:
*The ''[[Magnetic Hill Zoo]]'', a zoo with over 400 animals displayed in themed exhibit areas. It is the largest zoo in Atlantic Canada and features animal shows and an educational program.<ref>{{cite web | title = Magnetic Hill Zoo| url = http://www.new-brunswick.net/new-brunswick/moncton/zoo.html | publisher = New-Brunswick-Net|accessdate = 2007-07-20}}</ref>
*''[[Magic Mountain Water Park]]'', the largest water park in Atlantic Canada, with a half dozen large water slides, a lazy river, wave pool, children's splash pool and a 36-hole mini-golf course.<ref>{{cite web | title = Magic Mountain| url = http://www.magicmountain.ca/About%20Us/index.php| publisher = [[Magic Mountain Water Park]]|accessdate = 2007-07-20}}</ref>
*The [[Magnetic Hill Concert Site]], a large outdoor concert facility which holds one or two large concerts every year. [[The Rolling Stones]] performed there in 2005 in front of 85,000 fans.<ref>{{Citation |last =Bogomolny |first= Laura |publication-date =[[2005-09-26]] |title =Saint John VS Moncton|magazine=[[Canadian Business]] |volume=78 |issue =19}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = They came They saw They Rocked!| url = http://www.mid.nb.ca/english/business/article_detail.cfm?id=82| publisher = Moncton Industrial Development|accessdate = 2007-07-20}}</ref> [[Tim McGraw]] and [[Faith Hill]] played there in 2007 in front of 50,000.<ref>{{cite web | title = Moncton hotels filling up for McGraw and Hill concert| url = http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2007/03/30/nb-magnetichill.html| publisher = [[CBC News]]|accessdate = 2007-07-20}}</ref> [[The Eagles]] are scheduled to play there in the summer of 2008.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Eagles to land in Moncton| url = http://www.cbc.ca/arts/music/story/2008/03/31/eagles-moncton.html?ref=rss| publisher = [[CBC News]]|accessdate = 2008-05-01}}</ref>
*The ''Wharf Village'', a collection of souvenir shops and restaurants.
*The ''Magnetic Hill Miniature Railway''.
At present, the major destinations for shopping enthusiasts are the [[Trinity Power Centre|Wheeler Park Power Centre]] and [[Champlain Place]], which, at {{convert|816000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web | title = Canadian Super Regional Shopping Centres| url = http://www.cadillacfairview.com/Client/Cadillac/CF_UW_V500_MainEngine.nsf/pagedocid/AAFFB0E68201C4B0852572C1005B0195?OpenDocument | publisher = [[Cadillac Fairview]]|accessdate = 2008-02-06}}</ref> is the [[List of largest shopping malls in Canada|second largest]] shopping mall in Atlantic Canada and has over 160 stores and services. Also, New Brunswick's only [[The Bay|Bay]] department store is in Highfield Square.<ref>{{cite web | title = Store Locator: New Brunswick| url = http://www.hbc.com/storelocator/default.asp?langid=EN&=| publisher = [[Hudson's Bay Company]]|accessdate = 2007-07-23}}</ref>
[[Crystal Palace (Moncton)|Crystal Palace]], an indoor [[amusement park]] with a dozen rides including a [[roller coaster]] and a Tivoli swing was built adjacent to Champlain Place in 1990 to take advantage of the tourist traffic generated by the mall. It is a popular family destination and has ''Top Attraction'' status with tourism New Brunswick.<ref>{{cite web | title = Crystal Palace| url = http://www.tourismnewbrunswick.ca/Product.aspx?pid=2062| publisher = Tourism New Brunswick|accessdate = 2007-07-23}}</ref>
==Government==
{{See also|Moncton City Council}}
[[Image:Monctoncityhall34.JPG|thumb|right|The city's current City Hall was constructed in 1996 as part of an urban renewal project<ref>{{cite web | title = Moncton City Hall| url = http://www.hardmangroup.ca/facilitymgt/monctoncityhall.html| publisher =Hardman Group|accessdate = 2008-05-10}}</ref>]]
The [[municipal government]] consists of a mayor and ten city councillors elected to four-year terms of office. The council is non-partisan with the mayor serving as the chairman, casting a ballot only in cases of a tie vote. There are four wards electing two councillors each with an additional two councillors selected at large by the general electorate. Day to day operation of the city is under the control of a [[City Manager]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Moncton City Council (2004 - 2008)| url = http://www.moncton.ca/Page341.aspx | publisher =City of Moncton|accessdate = 2008-08-08}}</ref>
The greater Moncton area contains seven of New Brunswick's 55 provincial [[Electoral district (Canada)|electoral districts]]: [[Moncton North]], [[Moncton Crescent]], [[Moncton East]], [[Moncton West]], [[Riverview (electoral district)|Riverview]], [[Memramcook-Lakeville-Dieppe]], and [[Dieppe Centre-Lewisville]]. Of the seven members of the Legislative Assembly that currently represent greater Moncton, five belong to the [[New Brunswick Liberal Association|Liberal party]] and two belong to the [[Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick|Progressive Conservative party]].
Moncton is in the federal riding of [[Moncton-Riverview-Dieppe]]. Portions of Dieppe are in the federal riding of [[Beauséjour (electoral district)|Beauséjour]], and portions of [[Riverview, New Brunswick|Riverview]] are in the riding of [[Fundy Royal]]. Of the three members of Parliament that currently represent greater Moncton, two belong to the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal party]] and one belongs to the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative party]].
==Education==
Separate Anglophone and Francophone school boards administer greater Moncton's 34 public primary and secondary schools. [[New Brunswick School District 01|District 1]] is Francophone and administers nine schools in the Moncton area. [[New Brunswick School District 02|District 2]] is Anglophone and administers 25 schools in Greater Moncton. There are four Anglophone high schools in the metro Moncton area; [[Moncton High School]], [[Harrison Trimble High School]], [[Bernice MacNaughton High School]] and [[Riverview High School (Riverview)|Riverview High School]]. [[École Mathieu-Martin]] and [[École L'Odyssée]] are the area's Francophone high schools.
[[Image:UMoncton - wide.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[Université de Moncton]] is the only French-language university in New Brunswick<ref name="UdeM"/>]]
There are four universities in Moncton. The Université de Moncton (the largest French-language university in Canada outside of [[Quebec]]) enrolls over 4000 students and offers a variety of undergraduate and post-graduate degree programs, including a School of Law.<ref name="UdeM">{{cite web | title = The Governments of Canada and of New Brunswick Invest $10 Million in Two Projects at the Université de Moncton| url = http://www.canadianheritage.gc.ca/newsroom/index_e.cfm?fuseaction=displayDocument&DocIDCd=9NR058|publisher=[[Canadian Heritage]]|date=[[1999-08-19]]|accessdate = 2007-07-09}}</ref><ref name="Moncton Article2">{{cite web|url= http://www.reseausesamenetwork.org/en/city_close-up.cfm?city_sak=7|title=Reseau Sesame Network: City Close-Up| date=[[2005-03-13]]| work=Reseau Sesame Network| accessdate=2007-07-04}}</ref> The [[Atlantic Baptist University]] is a private liberal arts university affiliated with the [[Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches]] that enrolls over 600 students. It offers degrees in arts, science, education, business, and religious studies.<ref name="Moncton Article2" /> The [[University of New Brunswick|University of New Brunswick Moncton]] is a small satellite health sciences campus located at the Moncton Hospital that offers degrees in nursing and medical X-ray technology to over 300 students. [[Mount Allison University]], currently ranked as Canada's top undergraduate university, is located within commuting distance in the nearby town of [[Sackville, New Brunswick|Sackville]]. It enrolls over 2200 students and offers degrees in arts, commerce, music, fine arts, and science (including masters degrees in biology and chemistry). Mount Allison provides first year and extension university courses in Moncton and is planning a formal affiliation with the [[Moncton Flight College]] to allow for a bachelors degree in aviation.<ref name="Moncton Article2" />
Moncton is also home to two community colleges. The English-language [[New Brunswick Community College|New Brunswick Community College - Moncton]] is largest campus in the NBCC system with an enrollment of over 4000. It provides training in over 30 different trades and technology disciplines.<ref>{{cite web | title = New Brunswick Community College: Moncton| url = http://www.nbcc.ca/campus.asp?cid=1&mid=1| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070814065857/http://www.nbcc.ca/campus.asp?cid=1&mid=1| archivedate=2007-08-14| publisher=[[New Brunswick Community College]]|accessdate = 2007-07-10}}</ref> The French-language [[New Brunswick Community College|New Brunswick Community College - Dieppe]] provides training in the trades and technology and enrolls about 2000.
Moncton's four vocational schools offer practical training in a variety of fields. The Atlantic Business College offers a variety of business, paramedical and paralegal programs. [[Moncton Flight College]] is one of Canada's oldest, largest, and most prestigious flight schools.<ref>{{cite web | title = CAE Global Academy: Global strength| url = http://www.cae.com/cts/PDF/CAEGlobalAcademy_MFC.pdf| format=PDF |publisher=[[CAE (company)|CAE]]|accessdate = 2008-02-18}}</ref> [[McKenzie College]] is a visual arts institution specializing in graphic design, digital media and animation. [[Oulton College]], New Brunswick's oldest private college, provides training in a variety of business, paramedical, dental sciences, pharmacy, veterinary, youth care and paralegal programs.
==Media==
{{main|Media in Moncton}}
[[Image:Rogerscablemoncton.JPG|thumb|The New Brunswick headquarters for [[Rogers Cable]] (Canada's largest cable TV provider)<ref>{{cite web | publisher =NADBank| url= http://your.rogers.com/aboutrogers/historyofrogers/overview.asp| title =The history of Rogers | accessdate=2008-05-10}}</ref> is located in downtown Moncton.]]
[[Rogers Cable]] has its provincial headquarters and main production facilities in Moncton and broadcasts on two [[Community channel (Canada)|community channel]]s, Cable 9 in French and Cable 10 in English. The French-language arm of the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]], ([[Radio-Canada|Radio-Canada (SRC)]]) maintains its Atlantic Canadian headquarters in Moncton. There are three other broadcast television stations in Moncton and these represent all of the major national networks.
There are 14 broadcast radio stations in the city covering a variety of genres and interests, ten of these stations are English and four are French.
The city's main daily newspaper is the Anglophone ''[[Times & Transcript]]'', which has the highest circulation of any daily newspaper in New Brunswick.<ref>{{cite web | publisher =NADBank| url= http://www.nadbank.com/English/study/pdfs/Weekly%20Readership%20by%20Resident%20Market%202005%20Study.pdf| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20061124081926/http://www.nadbank.com/English/study/pdfs/Weekly+Readership+by+Resident+Market+2005+Study.pdf| archivedate=2006-11-24 | format=PDF | title =Weekly Readership by Resident Market newspaper readership| accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> [[L'Acadie Nouvelle]] serves as the city's French newspaper, though it is published in [[Caraquet, New Brunswick|Caraquet]] in northern New Brunswick. Other publications include ''<nowiki>[Here]</nowiki>'', a free weekly publication offering a more youthful perspective on local news, and ''Boom Magazine'', a free weekly alternative magazine.<ref>{{cite web | publisher =Boom Magazine| url= http://www.boommag.ca/| title =Boom Mag| accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref>
==Transportation==
===Air===
[[Image:Monctonairport.jpg|thumb|right|The new [[Greater Moncton International Airport]] terminal was built in 2002 in Dieppe.]]
Moncton is served by the [[Greater Moncton International Airport]] (YQM). A new airport terminal with an international arrivals area was opened in 2002. The GMIA handles over 518,000 passengers per year, making it the second busiest airport in the [[Maritimes|Maritime provinces]].<ref name="GMIA">{{cite web|url= http://www.gmia.ca/english/corp/pdf/2006.pdf|format=PDF|title=GMIA 2006 Report| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Greater Moncton International Airport|GMIA]]| accessdate=2007-07-09}}</ref>
[[Air Canada Jazz]], [[Westjet]] and [[Continental Express]] operate the airport's five regularly scheduled flights. The airport also has eight seasonal destinations operated by [[Air Saint-Pierre]], [[Canjet]], [[Corsairfly]], [[Skyservice]] and [[Sunwing Airlines]]. .<ref name="GMIA Airlines">{{cite web|url= http://www.gmia.ca/english/flight/airline.asp| title=GMIA Airlines| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Greater Moncton International Airport]]| accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref>
The GMIA is also a major air cargo centre with both [[FedEx]] and [[Purolator Courier|Purolator]] having their Atlantic Canadian bases at the facility. In addition, the GMIA is the home of the [[Moncton Flight College]], the largest flight colleges in Canada.<ref name="Moncton Flight College Receives Civil Aviation Authority of China Approval to Train Chinese Pilots">{{cite web|url= http://www.canlinkglobal.com/canlink/news_content.jsp?news_id=32|title=Moncton Flight College Receives Civil Aviation Authority of China Approval to Train Chinese Pilots|date=[[2006-05-15]]| work=CANLink Global| accessdate=2007-07-09}}</ref>
There is a second smaller [[aerodrome]] in the city, [[Moncton/McEwen Airport|McEwen Airfield]] (CCG4), a private airstrip used for [[general aviation]]. Skydive Moncton operates the province's only nationally certified sports parachute club out of this facility.<ref>{{cite web | title = Skydive Moncton| url = http://www.skydivemoncton.com/ | publisher= skydivemoncton.com|accessdate = 2008-02-18}}</ref>
The [[Area Control Center#ACCs in Canada|Moncton Area Control Center]] is one of only seven regional high level air traffic control centers in Canada.<ref name="NAV Canada">{{cite web|url= http://navcanada.ca/NavCanada.asp?Language=en&Content=ContentDefinitionFiles%5CNewsroom%5CBackgrounders%5Catlanticcanadapresence.xml| title=NAV CANADA Presence in Atlantic Canada| date=[[2007-11-13]]| work=[[NAV CANADA]]}}</ref> This center monitors over 430,000 flights a year, 80% of which are either entering or leaving North American [[airspace]].<ref name="NAV Canada"/>
===Railways===
[[Image:Via rail moncton12.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Via Rail]] station in downtown Moncton offers transportation across eight Canadian provinces.]]
Moncton is served by two freight railway companies, [[Canadian National Railway]] and the [[New Brunswick East Coast Railway]]. The city is also served by [[VIA Rail|VIA Rail Canada]], which provides rail passenger service to [[Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia|Halifax]] and [[Montreal, Quebec|Montreal]] six days per week with the ''[[Ocean (passenger train)|Ocean]]''.<ref>{{cite web | title = VIA Rail Canada / Halifax-Montréal train (the Ocean)| url = http://www.viarail.ca/nostrains/en_trai_atla_hamo.html | publisher= [[VIA Rail]]|accessdate = 2007-07-15}}</ref>
===Highways===
Moncton is on [[New Brunswick Route 2|Route 2]] of the [[Trans-Canada Highway]], it leads to [[Nova Scotia]] in the east and to [[Fredericton]] and [[Quebec]] in the west. [[New Brunswick Route 15|Route 15]] intersects Route 2 at the eastern outskirts of Moncton, heads northeast and bypasses Shediac, connecting to [[New Brunswick Route 16|Route 16]], the route to [[Prince Edward Island]]. [[New Brunswick Route 1|Route 1]] intersects Route 2 approximately {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} west of the city which leads to [[Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John]] and the [[United States|U.S. border]].<ref name="Google map of Moncton">{{cite web|url= http://maps.google.com/maps?q=moncton&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&ie=utf8&oe=utf8&um=1&sa=N&tab=wl| title=Google maps: Moncton| date=[[2006-01-01]]| work=[[Google Maps]]| accessdate=2007-07-15}}</ref> Wheeler Boulevard (Route 15) serves as an internal ring road, extending from the [[Petitcodiac River Causeway]] to Dieppe before exiting the city and heading for Shediac; it is unusual in that it is a high-speed 100 km/h (63 mph) divided highway bounded at either end by traffic circles.<ref name="Google map of Moncton" />
===Urban transit===
The Metro Moncton Area is served by [[Codiac Transit]], which is operated by the City of Moncton. It operates 28 buses on 23 routes throughout Moncton, Dieppe and [[Riverview, New Brunswick|Riverview]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Codiac Transit Commission| url = http://www.codiactransit-moncton.com/enstart.htm| publisher = Codiac Transit | accessdate = 2007-07-15}}</ref> The city is currently working to increase its annual ridership from 1.7 million to 2.8 million. To assist with this, the bus fleet will increase to 54 vehicles within the next two years.<ref>{{cite web | title = Codiac Transit spending $5 million to improve service| url = http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2007/02/12/nb-codiactransit.html| publisher=[[CBC News]]|date =[[2007-02-12]]|accessdate = 2007-07-15}}</ref> Service frequency will increase with old routes reconfigured and new express routes added, including regular service to the international airport.
Moncton is also the headquarters of the [[Acadiɐn Lines|Acadian Lines]] interprovincial bus service. All other major centres in New Brunswick, as well as Halifax and Truro are served out of Moncton.
==Military==
[[Image:Monctongarrison.JPG|thumb|right|The Moncton Garrison]]
Aside from locally formed militia units, the [[Canadian Forces|military]] did not have a significant presence in the Moncton area until the beginning of the Second World War. In 1940, a large military supply base (CFB Moncton) was constructed on a railway spur line north of downtown next to the CNR shops. This base served as the main supply depot for the large wartime military establishment in the Maritimes.<ref name="Military Moncton">{{cite web|url= http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/2529/|title=Canadian Military History Page| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=Bruce Forsyth| accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref> In addition, two [[Commonwealth Air Training Plan]] bases were also built in the Moncton area during the war.<ref name="Military Moncton" />A naval listening station was also constructed in Coverdale (Riverview) in 1941 to help in coordinating radar activities in the North Atlantic.<ref name="Military Moncton" /> Military flight training in the Moncton area terminated at the end of World War II and the naval listening station closed in 1971. CFB Moncton remained open to supply the maritime military establishment until just after the end of the [[Cold War]].<ref name="Military Moncton" />
With the closure of CFB Moncton in the early 1990s, the military presence in Moncton has been significantly reduced.<ref name="CFB Moncton">{{cite web|url=
http://web.archive.org/web/20040317005939/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/cfb_gagetown/branch/monctn_e.asp|title=CFB Gagetown Support Detachment Moncton| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces|DND]]| accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref> The northern portion of the former base property has been turned over to the Canada Lands Corporation and is slowly being redeveloped.<ref name="CLC Plan">{{cite web|url= http://www.clcl.ca/en/pdf/summary-sommaire_1999-2004.pdf|format=PDF|title=CLC Corporate Plan 1999-2004| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[Canada Lands Company]]| accessdate=2007-07-20}}</ref> The southern part of the former base remains an active [[Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces|DND]] property and is now termed the Moncton Garrison. It is affiliated with [[CFB Gagetown]].<ref name="CFB Moncton" /> Resident components of the garrison include the 1 Construction Engineering Unit and 4 Air Defence Regiment (regular forces). The garrison also houses the 37 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters (reserves) and one of the 37 Brigades constituent units; the [[8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's)]], which is an armoured reconnaissance regiment.<ref name="CFB Moncton" /> A small logistical support unit providing assistance to CFB Gagetown is also located at the base.<ref name="CFB Moncton" />
==Health facilities==
There are two major regional referral and teaching hospitals in Moncton:
[[Image:Monctonhospital.jpg|thumb|right|The Moncton Hospital.]]
The Moncton Hospital has approximately 400 active treatment beds<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.saferhealthcarenow.ca/ViewResource.aspx?resourceId=664 | title = Info on the Moncton Hospital | format = PDF | pages= 3 | publisher= Safer Healthcare Now!| accessdate = 2007-07-09}}</ref> and is affiliated with [[Dalhousie University]] Medical School. It is home to the Northumberland family medicine residency training program and also hosts UNB degree programs in nursing and medical x-ray technology. Tertiary medical services include neurosciences (including neurosurgery and neurointerventional radiology), [[vascular surgery]], [[orthopedics]], trauma, burn unit, medical [[oncology]], and [[neonatal intensive care]]. A $48 million expansion to the hospital scheduled for completion in 2008 will contain a new laboratory, ambulatory care centre and trauma centre.<ref>{{cite web | title = SERHA’s Health: Taking a large step into the future| url = http://www.serha.ca/serha/publications/pdfs/source_issue1.pdf | type=PDF|publisher = SERHA | accessdate = 2007-07-15}}</ref>
[[Image:georgedumont.jpg|thumb|left|The Dr. Georges-L. Dumont Hospital]]
The Dr. Georges-L. Dumont Regional Hospital has 347 beds<ref>{{cite web | title = The Dr. Georges-L. Dumont Regional Hospital: Who are we?
| url = http://www.beausejour-nb.ca/templates/chb/Chb12011.html| publisher=Beauséjour Regional Health Authority|accessdate = 2007-07-15}}</ref> and operates a satellite medical training program affiliated with [[Université de Sherbrooke]] Medical School. There are degree programs in nursing and medical x-ray technology, which are administered by U de M. Tertiary medical services include oncology (including radiation oncology) and [[nephrology]]. A cardiac cath lab and a [[PET scanner|PET]]/[[CT scanner]] have been announced for the hospital.<ref>{{cite web | title = Georges Dumont Hospital to host new cardiac lab | url = http://www.cbc.ca/canada/new-brunswick/story/2007/01/22/nb-catheterization.html | publisher = [[CBC News]]|date=[[2007-01-23]]|accessdate = 2007-07-09}}</ref> The hospital is also affiliated with the Atlantic Cancer Research Institute.
Between these two institutions, Moncton serves as the main medical referral centre for the central Maritime region.
==Notable Monctonians==
[[Image:AntonineMaillet.jpg|thumb|[[Antonine Maillet]] (an Acadian novelist, playwright, and scholar) attended the Université de Moncton.]]
{{Main|List of Monctonians}}
Moncton has been the home of a number of notable people, including [[National Hockey League]] [[Hockey Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] and NHL scoring champion [[Gordie Drillon]],<ref name="Gordie Drillon">{{cite web|url= http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php3?pid=1433|title=Gordie Drillon| date=[[2005-03-13]]| work=FantasyPlayers.com| accessdate=2007-07-25}}</ref> World and Olympic champion curler [[Russ Howard]],<ref name="Russ Howard">{{cite web|url= http://www.teamhoward.ca/background.asp|title=Our Background| date=[[2005-03-13]]| work=Team Howard| accessdate=2007-07-25}}</ref> The distinguished literary critic and theorist [[Northrop Frye]],<ref name="Northrop Frye"> {{cite web|author = Ayre, John|url= http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005379|title=Moncton| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]| accessdate=2007-07-04}} </ref> the former [[Governor-General of Canada]] [[Roméo LeBlanc]],<ref name="Roméo LeBlanc"> {{cite web|author = Ayre, John|url= http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0010021|title=LeBlanc, Romeo A.| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]| accessdate=2007-07-04}} </ref> and former Supreme Court Justice [[Ivan Cleveland Rand]], developer of the [[Rand Formula]] and Canada's representative on the [[UNSCOP]] commission.<ref name="Rand, Ivan Cleveland"> {{cite web|url= http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006671|title=Rand, Ivan Cleveland| date=[[2007-03-13]]| work=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]| accessdate=2007-07-04}} </ref> [[Robb Wells]], the actor who plays [[Ricky (Trailer Park Boys character)|Ricky]] on [[Showcase (TV channel)|Showcase]]s hit comedy ''[[Trailer Park Boys]]'' hails from Moncton, along with [[Julie Doiron]], an [[indie rock]] musician and [[Holly Dignard]] the actress who plays Nicole Miller on the [[CTV Television Network|CTV]] series "[[Whistler (TV series)|Whistler]]". [[Antonine Maillet]] a francophone author, recipient of the [[Order of Canada]] and the "Prix Goncourt", the highest honour in francophone literature, is also from Moncton.
== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== References ==
* {{cite book |title=The First Hundred: A Story of the First 100 Years of Moncton's Existence|author=Larracey, Edward |publisher=Moncton Publishing Company |year=1970 |asin=B0000EEQHJ}}
* {{cite book |title=A History of Moncton Town and City 1855-1965|author=Machum, Lloyd A.|publisher=Moncton Publishing Company |year=1965 |asin=B0000EEUF0}}
* {{cite book |title=Resurgo, The History of Moncton From 1890-1990|author=Larracey, Edward|publisher=City of Moncton |year=1991 |isbn=0969463421}}
* {{cite book |title=New Brunswick Book of Everything|author=Walls, Martha |publisher=MacIntyre Purcell Publishing Inc |year=2006 |isbn=097380632X}}
==External links==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
*[http://www.moncton.org/ Official City of Moncton website]
*[http://www.moncton.net/ Portal for the City of Moncton]
*[http://www.gomoncton.com/ GoMoncton.com (tourist information)]
*[http://moncton.localintheknow.com/ Moncton Business Information and Community Resource]
*[http://www.gmcc.nb.ca/ Greater Moncton Chamber of Commerce]
*[[:WikiTravel:Moncton|Moncton guide on Wikitravel]]
{{col-break}}
{{Commons|Moncton}}
{{col-end}}
{{coord|46.115833|-64.803056|region:CA-NB_type:city(120000)|display=title}}
{{Canadian City Geographic Location
|North=[[Bouctouche, New Brunswick|Bouctouche]], [[Shediac, New Brunswick|Shediac]]
|West=Boundary Creek, [[New Brunswick|Salisbury]]
|Center=Moncton
|East=[[Dieppe, New Brunswick|Dieppe]], [[Memramcook, New Brunswick|Memramcook]], [[Sackville, New Brunswick|Sackville]]
|South=[[Riverview, New Brunswick|Riverview]]
|image=Flag of New Brunswick.svg
}}
{{Subdivisions of New Brunswick}}
{{Moncton landmarks}}
{{Census metropolitan areas by size}}
{{Host Cities of the Francophonie Summits}}
[[Category:Moncton| ]]
[[af:Moncton]]
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[[el:Μόνκτον]]
[[eo:Monktono (Nov-Brunsviko)]]
[[fr:Moncton]]
[[it:Moncton]]
[[nl:Moncton]]
[[pl:Moncton]]
[[pt:Moncton]]
[[fi:Moncton]]
[[tr:Moncton]]
[[vo:Moncton]]