Moraceae
57965
212781186
2008-05-16T06:07:44Z
VolkovBot
3035831
robot Adding: [[ms:Moraceae]]
{{Taxobox
| name = Moraceae
| image = Koeh-174.jpg
| image_width = 250 px
| image_caption = Panama Rubber Tree (''Castilla elastica'')
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| phylum = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| familia = '''Moraceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
See text.
}}
'''Moraceae''' is a family of [[flowering plant]]s commonly known as the mulberry or fig family. It comprises about 40 genera and over 1000 species of plants widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less common in temperate climates. The only [[synapomorphy]] within Moraceae is presence of lactifers and milky sap in all parenchymatous tissues, but generally useful field characters include 2 carpels sometimes with 1 reduced, compound inconspicuous flowers, and compound fruits.<ref>Judd ''et al.'' (2008)</ref> Included are well-known plants such as the [[fig]], [[banyan]], [[breadfruit]], [[mulberry]], and [[osage-orange]]. The 'flowers' of Moraceae are often [[pseudanthium|pseudanthia]] (reduced inflorescences).
==Classification==
Formerly positioned within the now defunct order Urticales, recent genetic studies have resulted in its placement within Rosales in a clade called the urticalean rosids that also includes [[Ulmaceae]], [[Celtidaceae]], [[Cannabaceae]] and [[Urticaceae]]. ''[[Cecropia]]'', which were variously placed in the Moraceae, the Urticaceae, or an own family Cecropicaceae, have turned out to belong in the Urticaceae.<ref>Sytsma ''et al.'' (2002)</ref>
Moraceae includes 5 tribes: Artocarpeae, Moreae, Dorstenieae, Ficeae, and Castilleae. With the exception of Moreae, which is large, morphologically diverse, and has a wide geographic distribution, these tribes are monophyletic.<ref>Zerega ''et al.'' (2005), Datwyler and Weiblen (2004)</ref> Based on molecular analyses of the phylogeny of these tribes, Moraceae is thought to have diverged 73-110 [[mya (unit)]].<ref>Zerega ''et al.'' (2005)</ref> Results from molecular analyses of Moraceae phylogeny have also suggested that contrary to the conventional principle that [[dioecy]] evolves from [[monoecy]], dioecy was the primitive state in Moraceae and monoecy evolved within in it up to four times.<ref>Datwyler and Weiblen (2004)</ref>
;Genera
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Antiaris]]''
*''[[Antiaropsis]]''
*''[[Artocarpus]]'' - [[Breadfruit]], [[Jackfruit]]
*''[[Bagassa]]''
*''[[Batocarpus]]''
*''[[Bosqueiopsis]]''
*''[[Brosimum]]'' - [[Breadnut]]
*''[[Broussonetia]]'' - [[Paper Mulberry]]
*''[[Castilla (plant)|Castilla]]''
*''[[Clarisia]]''
*''[[Craterogyne]]''
*''[[Cudrania]]''
*''[[Dorstenia]]''
*''[[Fatoua]]''
|
*''[[Fig|Ficus]]'' - [[Fig tree]]s, [[Banyan]]s
*''[[Helianthostylis]]''
*''[[Helicostylis]]''
*''[[Hullettia]]''
*''[[Osage-orange|Maclura]]'' - [[Osage-orange]]
*''[[Maquira]]''
*''[[Mesogyne]]''
*''[[Metatrophis]]''
*''[[Milicia]]''
*''[[Mulberry|Morus]]'' - [[Mulberry]]
*''[[Naucleopsis]]''
*''[[Olmedia]]''
*''[[Olmediopsis]]''
*''[[Parartocarpus]]''
|
*''[[Perebia]]''
*''[[Poulsenia]]''
*''[[Prainea]]''
*''[[Pseudolmedia]]''
*''[[Scyphosyce]]''
*''[[Sorocea]]''
*''[[Sparattosyce]]''
*''[[Streblus]]''
*''[[Treculia]]''
*''[[Trilepisium]]''
*''[[Trophis (genus)|Trophis]]''<!-- Bird Conservation International (2007) 17:45–61. doi: 10.1017/S0959270906000554 -->
*''[[Trymatococcus]]''
*''[[Utsetela]]''
|}
==References==
<references/>
* {{aut|Judd, Walter S.; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Stevens, Peter F. & Donoghue, Michael J.}} (2008): Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MA.
* {{aut|Sytsma, Kenneth J.; Morawetz, Jeffery; Pires, J. Chris; Nepokroeff, Molly; Conti, Elena; Zjhra, Michelle; Hall, Jocelyn C. & Chase, Mark W.}} (2002): Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based on ''rbcL'', ''trnL-F'', and ''ndhF'' sequences. ''[[American Journal of Botany]]'' '''89'''(9): 1531-1536. [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/89/9/1531 PDF full text]
* {{aut|Zerega, Nyree J. C.; Clement, Wendy L.; Datwyler, Shannon L. & Weiblen, George D.}} (2005): Biogroegraphy and divergence times in the mulberry family (Moraceae). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''37'''(2): 402-416. <small>doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.004</small> [http://www.plantbiology.northwestern.edu/Zerega/Zeregaetal2005MPE.pdf PDF full text]
* {{aut|Datwyler, Shannon L. & Weiblen, George D.}} (2004): On the origin of the fig:Phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from ''ndhF'' sequences. ''[[American Journal of Botany]]'' '''91'''(5): 767-777. [http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/reprint/91/5/767 PDF full text]
== External Reference ==
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/moraceae.htm Moraceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.]
[[Category:Moraceae| ]]
[[Category:Plant families]]
{{tree-stub}}
{{Moraceae-stub}}
[[bg:Черничеви]]
[[ca:Moràcia]]
[[da:Morbær-familien]]
[[de:Maulbeergewächse]]
[[es:Moraceae]]
[[eo:Morusacoj]]
[[fr:Moraceae]]
[[ko:뽕나무과]]
[[it:Moraceae]]
[[he:תותיים]]
[[ka:თუთისებრნი]]
[[lt:Šilkmediniai]]
[[hu:Eperfafélék]]
[[ms:Moraceae]]
[[nl:Moerbeifamilie]]
[[ja:クワ科]]
[[no:Morbærfamilien]]
[[pl:Morwowate]]
[[pt:Moraceae]]
[[qu:Paparawa yura rikch'aq ayllu]]
[[ru:Тутовые]]
[[fi:Mulperikasvit]]
[[sv:Mullbärsväxter]]
[[vi:Họ Dâu tằm]]
[[tr:Dutgiller]]
[[zh:桑科]]