Moroccan dirham
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2008-07-09T15:12:56Z
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robot Adding: [[tr:Fas dirhemi]]
{{Infobox Currency
| currency_name_in_local = درهم مغربي <small>{{ar icon}}</small>
| iso_code = MAD
| using_countries = {{MAR}} and ''{{flag|Western Sahara}}''
| inflation_rate = 3.4%
| inflation_source_date = ''[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.html The World Factbook]'', 2006 est.
| subunit_ratio_1 = 1/100
| subunit_name_1 = santim
| symbol = د.م.
| used_coins = 1, 5, 10, 20 santimat, ½, 1, 2, 5, and 10 dirham
| used_banknotes = 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 dirham
| issuing_authority = [[Bank Al-Maghrib]]
| issuing_authority_website = www.bkam.ma
}}
The '''dirham''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: درهم, plural: درهمان , دراهم or درهما) is the currency of [[Morocco]]. The plural form is pronounced [[broken plural|darahim]], although in [[French language|French]] and [[English language|English]] "dirhams" is commonly used. Its [[ISO 4217]] code is "MAD". It is subdivided into 100 ''santimat'' (singular: ''santim'', Arabic singular: سنتيم, plural: سنتيما or سنتيمات). The dirham is issued by the [[Bank Al-Maghrib]], the [[central bank]] of Morocco. It is also the ''de facto'' currency in [[Western Sahara]]. While the dirham is a fully convertible currency, export of the local currency is prohibited by law.
==History==
Before the introduction of a modern coinage in 1882, Morocco issued copper coins denominated in ''falus'', silver coins denominated in ''dirham'' and gold coins denominated in ''benduqi''. From 1882, the dirham became a subdivision of the [[Moroccan rial]], with 10 dirham = 1 rial.
The dirham was reintroduced in 1960. It replaced the [[Moroccan franc|franc]] as the major unit of currency but, until 1974, the franc continued to circulate, with 1 dirham = 100 francs. In 1974, the santim replaced the franc.
==Coins==
In 1960, silver 1 dirham coins were introduced. These were followed by nickel 1 dirham and silver 5 dirham coins in 1965. In 1974, with the introduction of the santim, a new coinage was introduced in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 santimat and 1 dirham. The 1 santim coins were aluminium, the 5 up to 20 santimat were minted in brass, with the highest two denominations in cupro-nickel. Cupro-nickel 5 dirham coins were added in 1980 and changed to a [[Bi-metallic coins|bi-metal]] coin in 1987. The bi-metal coins bear two year designations for the issue date--[[1987]] in the [[Gregorian calendar]] and the 1407 in the [[Islamic calendar]]. The 1 santim was only minted until 1987 when new designs were introduced, with a ½ dirham replacing the 50 santimat without changing the size or composition. The new 5 dirham coin was bimetallic, as was the 10 dirham coin introduced in 1995. Cupro-nickel 2 dirham coins were introduced in 2002.
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
|-
!colspan="8"| Dirham Coins [http://www.bkam.ma/Anglais/Bilets%20Monnaies%20Circulation/CracctPiece.htm]
|-
!rowspan="2"| Value !!colspan="3"| Technical parameters !!colspan="3"| Description
|-
! Diameter !! Mass !! Composition !! Edge !! Obverse !! Reverse
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| 1 santim
| 17 mm
| 0.7 g
| [[Aluminium]]
| Smooth
| [[Coat of arms of Morocco|Arms of the Kingdom]] and inscription "Kingdom of Morocco"
| Design of fishing
|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| 5 santimat
| 17.5 mm
| 2 g
|rowspan="3"|[[Aluminium bronze]]<br/>92% [[copper]]<br/>6% [[aluminium]]<br/> 2% [[nickel]]
| Smooth
|rowspan="3"| Arms of the Kingdom and inscription "Kingdom of Morocco"
| Fish in a fishing net under a boat tiller
|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| 10 santimat
| 20 mm
| 3 g
| Reeded
| An ear of corn
|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| 20 santimat
| 23 mm
| 4 g
| Reeded
| Design representing a Fibule
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| ½ dirham
| 21 mm
| 4 g
|rowspan="3"| [[Cupronickel]]<br/>75% [[copper]]<br/>25% [[nickel]]
| Reeded
| Arms of the Kingdom and inscription "Kingdom of Morocco"
| Design representing communications and new technology
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| 1 dirham
| 24 mm
| 6 g
| Reeded
| [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]] (earlier issues show [[Hassan II of Morocco|Hassan II]])
|rowspan="3"| Arms of the Kingdom and inscription "Kingdom of Morocco"
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| 2 dirham
| 26 mm
| 7 g
| Reeded
| Mohammed VI
|- {{Coin-yellow-color}}
| {{Coin-silver-color}} | 5 dirhams
| {{Coin-silver-color}} | 26.2 mm
| 6.8 g
| '''Ring:''' 82.5% [[iron]]<br/> 17.5% [[chromium]]<br/>'''Center:''' [[Aluminium bronze]] (as 20 santimat)
| Reeded
| Mohammed VI (earlier issues show Hassan II)
|- {{Coin-silver-color}}
| {{Coin-yellow-color}} | 10 dirhams
| {{Coin-yellow-color}} | 28 mm
| 12 g
| '''Ring:''' [[Aluminium bronze]] (as 20 santimat)<br/>'''Center:''' [[Cupronickel]] (as 1 dirham)
| Reeded
| Mohammed VI (earlier issues show Hassan II)
| {{Coin-yellow-color}} | Arms of the Kingdom and inscription "Kingdom of Morocco"
|-
|colspan="8"|{{Standard coin table notice|BrE=Y}}
|}
==Banknotes==
The first notes denominated in dirham were overprints on earlier franc notes, in denominations of 50 dirham (on 5000 francs) and 100 dirham (on 10,000 francs). In 1965, new notes were issued for 5, 10 and 50 dirham. 100 dirham notes were introduced in 1970, followed by 200 dirham notes in 1991 and 20 dirham in 1996. 5 dirham notes were replaced by coins in 1980, with the same happening to 10 dirham notes in 1995.
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"
|-
!colspan="8"| Dirham Banknotes [http://www.bkam.ma/Anglais/Bilets%20Monnaies%20Circulation/BilletmonCircul.htm]<br>
|-
!colspan="8"| 1987 Series (Including 1991 Revision)
|-
!rowspan="2"| Value !!rowspan="2"| Dimensions !!rowspan="2"| Obverse !!rowspan="2"| Reverse !!rowspan="2"| Main Colour !!colspan="3"| Description !!colspan="2"| Date of
|-
! Obverse !! Reverse !! Watermark !! printing !! issue
|- bgcolor = "#aa6caa"
| 10 dirhams
| 143 × 70 mm
| [[Image:10 dirham.jpg|100px]]
| [[Image:10 dirham back.jpg|100px]]
| Yellow and pink (1987)<br/>violet (1991)
| [[Hassan II of Morocco|Hassan II]]
| Moroccan lute
| Hassan II
| 1987
| 1987/ca. 1991
|- bgcolor = "#00cd66"
| 50 dirhams
| 148 × 70 mm
| [[Image:50 dirham.jpg|100px]]
| [[Image:50 dirham back.jpg|100px]]
| Green
| Hassan II
| A fantasia scene
| Hassan II
| 1987
| 1987/ca. 1991
|- bgcolor = "e7c6a5"
| 100 dirhams
| 153 × 75 mm
| [[Image:100 dirham.jpg|100px]]
| [[Image:100 dirham back.jpg|100px]]
| Brown
| Hassan II
| [[Green March|The Green March]]
| Hassan II
| 1987
| 1987/ca. 1991
|- bgcolor = "#009acd"
| 200 dirhams
| 158 × 75 mm
| [[Image:Front 200 Dirham.jpg|100px]]
| [[Image:Back 200 Dirham.jpg|100px]]
| Blue
| Hassan II
| Shellfish, a branch of coral, and an Arab fishing boat.
| Hassan II
| 1987
| ca. 1991
|-
!colspan="8"| 1996 Series
|- bgcolor = "#db9370"
| 20 dirhams
| 130 × 68 mm
| [[Image:20 dirham 1996.jpg|100px]]
| [[Image:20 dirham 1996 back.jpg|100px]]
| Brown-reddish
| Hassan II
| Wall fountain of the [[Hassan II Mosque]]
| Hassan II
| 1996
| 1996
|-
!colspan="8"| 2002 Series
|- bgcolor = "#aa6caa"
| 20 dirhams
| 140 × 70 mm
| [[Image:Front 20 Dirham.jpg|100px]]
| [[Image:Back 20 Dirham.jpg|100px]]
| Violet
| [[Mohammed VI of Morocco|Mohammed VI]]
| A panoramical view of the Oudayas
| Mohammed VI and "20"
| 2005
| 2005
|- bgcolor = "#00cd66"
| 50 dirhams
| 147 × 70 mm
| [[Image:Front 50 Dirham.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Image:Back 50 Dirham.jpg|100px|]]
| Green
| Mohammed VI
| A clay-made building (Ksour)
| Mohammed VI and "50"
| 2002
| 2002
|- bgcolor = "e7c6a5"
| 100 dirhams
| 150 × 78 mm
| [[Image:Front 100 Dirham.jpg|100px|]]
| [[Image:Back 100 Dirham.jpg|100px|]]
| Brown
| Mohammed VI, [[Mohammed V of Morocco|Mohammed V]] and [[Hassan II of Morocco|Hassan II]]
| [[Green March|The Green March]]
| Mohammed VI and "100"
| 2002
| 2002
|- bgcolor = "#009acd"
| 200 dirhams
| 158 × 78 mm
| [[Image:|100px]]
| [[Image:|100px]]
| Blue
| Mohammed VI and Hassan II
| A window of the [[Hassan II Mosque]]
| Mohammed VI and "200"
| 2002
| 2002
|-
|colspan="8"|{{Standard banknote table notice|BrE=Y}}
|}
==Popular denominations and usage==
Popular denominations are words widely used in Morocco to refer to different values of the currency they are not considered official by the state though. Those include ''[[rial]]'' /{{IPA|rjal}}/, equivalent to 5 santimat and ''[[franc]]'' /{{IPA|frˤɑnk}}/, equivalent to 1 santim. Usually, when dealing with goods with a value lower than a dirham, it is common to use the rial or santim. However, rial is used when speaking in Arabic and ''centime'' when speaking in [[French language|French]]. Though not used by the young generation, the denomination 1000, 2000, ... to 100,000 franc will be used by people who lived during the French colonial period when referring to 10, 20 and 1000 dirham. Likewise, rial is also used for higher value than portions of the dirham, reaching 5000 dhs (100,000 rial). This denomination is used in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] speaking context especially in popular milieu such as old medina souks or vegetable markets.
[[Image:Morocco 50 dirhams.jpg|thumb|50 dirhams and Ksour in the background]]
{{Exchange Rate|MAD}}
==See also==
* [[Economy of Morocco]]
* [[Economy of Western Sahara]]
==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{numis cite SCWC | date=1991}}
*{{numis cite SCWPM | date=1994}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Standard numismatics external links
| world_coin_gallery_1_url = Morocco
| world_coin_gallery_1_name = Morocco
| banknote_world_1_url = morocco
| banknote_world_1_name = Morocco
| dollarization_1_url = ma
| dollarization_1_name = Morocco
| dollarization_2_url = eh
| dollarization_2_name = Western Sahara
| gfd_1_url = Morocco
| gfd_1_name = Morocco
| gfd_2_url = Western_Sahara
| gfd_2_name = Western Sahara
| gfd_data_1_url = 6142
| gfd_data_1_name = Morocco Dirham
| show_gfd_excel = Y
}}
* [http://www.chez.com/numismo Numismo]
{{Currencies of Africa}}
[[Category:Economy of Morocco|D]]
[[Category:Currencies of Africa]]
[[ar:درهم مغربي]]
[[be-x-old:Мараканскі дырхам]]
[[ca:Dírham marroquí]]
[[cs:Marocký dirham]]
[[cy:Dirham Moroco]]
[[de:Marokkanischer Dirham]]
[[es:Dirham marroquí]]
[[fr:Dirham marocain]]
[[ko:모로코 디르함]]
[[bpy:মরক্কান দিরহাম]]
[[id:Dirham Maroko]]
[[it:Dirham marocchino]]
[[lt:Dirhamas]]
[[hu:Marokkói dirham]]
[[mr:मोरोक्कन दिरहाम]]
[[nl:Marokkaanse dirham]]
[[no:Marokkansk dirham]]
[[nn:Marokkansk dirham]]
[[pl:Dirham marokański]]
[[pt:Dirham marroquino]]
[[ru:Марокканский дирхам]]
[[fi:Marokon dirham]]
[[tg:Дирҳами Марокаш]]
[[tr:Fas dirhemi]]